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"Goldman, Alan"
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Magnetism in icosahedral quasicrystals: current status and open questions
Progress in our understanding of the magnetic properties of R-containing icosahedral quasicrystals (R = rare earth element) from over 20 years of experimental effort is reviewed. This includes the much studied R-Mg-Zn and R-Mg-Cd ternary systems, as well as several magnetic quasicrystals that have been discovered and investigated more recently including Sc-Fe-Zn, R-Ag-In, Yb-Au-Al, the recently synthesized R-Cd binary quasicrystals, and their periodic approximants. In many ways, the magnetic properties among these quasicrystals are very similar. However, differences are observed that suggest new experiments and promising directions for future research.
Journal Article
Well-Being and Experience
Robert Nozick argued that we would not plug into his machine that could give us any experiences we chose. More recently Richard Kraut has argued that it would be prudentially rational to plug into the machine, since only experiences count for personal welfare. I argue that both are wrong, that either choice can be rational or not, depending on the central desires of the subjects choosing. This claim is supported by the empirical evidence, which shows an almost even split between those who would enter and those who would not. If we interpret those on both sides as making rational choices to maximize their personal well-being, and if such rational choice tends to enhance well-being, then the experience machine thought experiment supports neither experientialism nor its denial, but instead a rational desire satisfaction account of personal well-being. Unlike objective list and perfectionist accounts, the desire satisfaction account of well-being easily accommodates rational choices on both sides, depending on the motivational sets of the choosers.
Journal Article
Catalytic dehydroaromatization of n-alkanes by pincer-ligated iridium complexes
Aromatic hydrocarbons are among the most important building blocks in the chemical industry. Benzene, toluene and xylenes are obtained from the high temperature thermolysis of alkanes. Higher alkylaromatics are generally derived from arene–olefin coupling, which gives branched products—that is, secondary alkyl arenes—with olefins higher than ethylene. The dehydrogenation of acyclic alkanes to give alkylaromatics can be achieved using heterogeneous catalysts at high temperatures, but with low yields and low selectivity. We present here the first catalytic conversion of
n
-alkanes to alkylaromatics using homogeneous or molecular catalysts—specifically ‘pincer’-ligated iridium complexes—and olefinic hydrogen acceptors. For example, the reaction of
n
-octane affords up to 86% yield of aromatic product, primarily
o-
xylene and secondarily ethylbenzene. In the case of
n-
decane and
n-
dodecane, the resulting alkylarenes are exclusively unbranched (that is,
n
-alkyl-substituted), with selectivity for the corresponding
o
-(
n
-alkyl)toluene.
Aromatic hydrocarbons are among the most important building blocks in the chemical industry. Here,
n
-alkanes are catalytically converted to alkylaromatics, in yields up to 86%, using ‘pincer’-ligated iridium complexes and olefinic hydrogen acceptors. The carbon number of the
n
-alkanes is retained in the products, which are exclusively unbranched (
n
-alkyl-substituted).
Journal Article
القادة المدمرون والمنظمات المختلة وظيفيا : منهج علاجي
يتناول الكتاب الجانب المظلم من القيادة والديناميكيات التي تؤدي إلى خلل وظيفي داخل المنظمات جولدمان من خلال خبرته كمستشار تنفيذي، يواكب فضائح الشركات والقيادات السامة ليقدم نموذجا تنظيميا قائما على الإدراك المبكر والعلاج النفسي التنظيمي، القادة المدمرون والمنظمات المختلة وظيفيا يعد مصدرا فريدا يجمع بين تحليل نفسي قوي للقيادات السامة، دراسات حالة واقعية من بيئات متنوعة، أدوات وتقنيات علاجية مبنية على استشارات حقيقية، منهجية علاج بالمستوى التنظيمي، ليست معالجة فردية فقط.
BOOK
A family of binary magnetic icosahedral quasicrystals based on rare earths and cadmium
At present, there are no known examples of binary icosahedral quasicrystals featuring localized magnetic moments. Now, a family of magnetic binary icosahedral quasicrystals is discovered, offering the possibility of studying the behaviour of coupled magnetic interactions in the presence of aperiodic structural order.
Examples of stable binary icosahedral quasicrystals are relatively rare, and at present there are no known examples featuring localized magnetic moments. These would represent an ideal model system for attaining a deeper understanding of the nature of magnetic interactions in aperiodic lattices. Here we report the discovery of a family of at least seven rare earth icosahedral binary quasicrystals, i-R–Cd (R = Gd to Tm, Y), six of which bear localized magnetic moments. Our work highlights the importance of carefully motivated searches through phase space
1
and supports the proposal that, like icosahedral Sc
12
Zn
88
(ref.
2
), binary quasicrystalline phases may well exist nearby known crystalline approximants, perhaps as peritectically forming compounds with very limited liquidus surfaces, offering very limited ranges of composition/temperature for primary solidification.
Journal Article
Catalytic Alkane Metathesis by Tandem Alkane Dehydrogenation-Olefin Metathesis
With petroleum supplies dwindling, there is increasing interest in selective methods for transforming other carbon feedstocks into hydrocarbons suitable for transportation fuel. We report the development of highly productive, well-defined, tandem catalytic systems for the metathesis of n-alkanes. Each system comprises one molecular catalyst (a \"pincer\"-ligated iridium complex) that effects alkane dehydrogenation and olefin hydrogenation, plus a second catalyst (molecular or solid-phase) for olefin metathesis. The systems all show complete selectivity for linear (n-alkane) product. We report one example that achieves selectivity with respect to the distribution of product molecular weights, in which n-decane is the predominant high-molecular-weight product of the metathesis of two moles of n-hexane.
Journal Article
Net Oxidative Addition of C(sp3)-F Bonds to Iridium via Initial C-H Bond Activation
Carbon-fluorine bonds are the strongest known single bonds to carbon and as a consequence can prove very hard to cleave. Alhough vinyl and aryl C-F bonds can undergo oxidative addition to transition metal complexes, this reaction has appeared inoperable with aliphatic substrates. We report the addition of C(sp 3 )-F bonds (including alkyl-F) to an iridium center via the initial, reversible cleavage of a C-H bond. These results suggest a distinct strategy for the development of catalysts and promoters to make and break C-F bonds, which are of strong interest in the context of both pharmaceutical and environmental chemistry.
Journal Article