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Exposures to social and environmental stressors arise individual behavioural response and thus indirectly affect cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate several social and environmental stressors and the paths of their influence on cardiometabolic health. The data of 2154 participants (aged 25–64 years) from the cross-sectional population-based study were analysed. The composite score of metabolic disorders (MS score) was calculated based on 5 biomarkers: waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides. The effects of social stressors (education level, income), environmental stressors (NO 2 , noise) and behavioural factors (unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviours) on MS score were assessed using a structural model. We observed a direct effect of education on MS score, as well as an indirect effect mediated via an unhealthy diet, smoking, and sedentary behaviours. We also observed a significant indirect effect of income via sedentary behaviours. The only environmental stressor predicting MS was noise, which also mediated the effect of education. In summary, the effect of social stressors on the development of cardiometabolic risk had a higher magnitude than the effect of the assessed environmental factors. Social stressors lead to an individual’s unhealthy behaviour and might predispose individuals to higher levels of environmental stressors exposures.

The genetic basis of variability in drug response is at the core of pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies, aiming at reducing adverse drug reaction (ADR), which have interethnic variability. This study used the Kardiovize Brno 2030 random urban Czech sample population to analyze polymorphisms in a wide spectrum of genes coding for liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism. We aimed at correlating real life drug consumption with pharmacogenomic profile, and at comparing these data with the SUPER-Finland Finnish PGx database. A total of 250 individuals representative of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 cohort were included in an observational study. Blood DNA was extracted and 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 13 genes ( BCHE , CYP1A2 , CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 , CYP2D6 , CYP3A5 , F2 , F5 , IFNL3 , SLCO1B1 , TPMT , UGT1A1 , VKORC1 ), associated to different drug metabolizing rates, were characterized by genotyping using a genome wide commercial array. Widely used drugs such as anti-coagulant warfarin and lipid lowering agent atorvastatin were associated to an alarmingly high percentage of users with intermediate/poor metabolism for them. Significant differences in the frequency of normal/intermediate/poor/ultrarapid/rapid metabolizers were observed for CYPD26 (p<0.001), CYP2C19 (p<0.001) and UGT1A1 (p<0.001) between the Czech and the Finnish study populations. Our study demonstrated that administration of some popular drugs to a Czech random sample population is associated with different drug metabolizing rates and therefore exposing to risk for ADRs. We also highlight interethnic differentiation of some common pharmacogenetics variants between Central (Czech) and North European (Finnish) population studies, suggesting the utility of PGx-informed prescription based on variant genotyping.

Background Venezuela has faced a crisis over the past decade. This study aims to characterize the crisis and identify the population’s most vulnerable subgroups. Methods Follow-up data (2018–2020) from 1,257 subjects (35% of the total) who participated in the nationally representative sample of the Venezuelan Study of Cardiometabolic Health (EVESCAM, 2014–2017) were analyzed. The distribution of seven crisis indicators– food insecurity, stressful life events, family separation, disruption in access to utilities (water, electricity, gas, or sanitation), lack of access to medications, lack of access to transportation, and disruption of childhood education– were analyzed across five subgroups (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES], and education). Logistic regression adjusted by other socio-demographic variables was used to analyze associations among variables. Results Of the total sample, 71.8% were female, 67.0% ≥ 50 years old, 52% low SES, and 80.2% Mixed ethnicity. Overall, 77.3% reported disruption in access to at least one utility and 31.7% to two or more utilities. The former was higher in females (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.98) and those with lower education (OR 2.03, 1.27–3.23). Lack of electricity (70.2%) was similar across subgroups. Lack of transportation (76.2%) affected females (OR 1.36, 1.10–1.67) and those of Mixed ethnicity more strongly. Disruption of children’s education was reported more in homes with the youngest, Amerindian, low SES, and less educated participants. Family separation (49.2%) affected older and female participants more strongly. Food insecurity (60.2%) was more frequent in the low SES group compared with the high SES group (OR 2.17, 1.45–3.25). Stressful life events (67.2%) and lack of medications (43.8%) did not differ across subgroups. Conclusions The Venezuelan humanitarian crisis has heightened vulnerability to crisis indicators among women, elders, those with low SES, and less educated subgroups of the population. These findings should prompt cost-effective programs targeted at those most vulnerable.

BackgroundCardiovascular health remains susceptible to inaccurate information, which can harm health outcomes. This scoping review addresses a gap in comprehensive analyses by synthesising evidence on the prevalence, spread, impact and correction strategies related to cardiovascular health misinformation across diverse populations and settings.MethodsFollowing Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, Web of Science. A dual-reviewer process, using Covidence, screened articles in two phases (title/abstract, full-text) based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers, and results were synthesised narratively, presented by tables and figures.ResultsFrom 6348 screened articles, 22 were included. The review reveals widespread misinformation concerning smoking, nutrition, blood pressure, weight management, alcohol consumption and diabetes care. Specific examples include misleading claims about e-cigarette safety and the downplaying of alcohol’s harms. A substantial proportion of social media posts falsely discourage salt reduction (reaching 1.5 million followers) and a significant number of diet/exercise vlogs (36.7%) and YouTube videos on myocardial infarction (one-third) contain inaccuracies, often originating from unreliable sources. Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and X were identified as key platforms for dissemination.ConclusionThis review demonstrates that cardiovascular health misinformation is widespread and shaped by both platform dynamics and user-level factors. Addressing this challenge requires coordinated strategies that strengthen digital literacy, enhance visibility of evidence-based content and reduce the reach of misinformation. Collaborative efforts between public health agencies, clinical institutions and technology platforms are essential to ensure that trustworthy cardiovascular disease-related information reaches the public.

Although several studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the long-term effects remain unclear. To examine longitudinal changes in mental health before and during the consecutive COVID-19 waves in a well-established probability sample. An online survey was completed by the participants of the COVID-19 add-on study at four time points: pre-COVID-19 period (2014-2015, = 1823), first COVID-19 wave (April to May 2020, = 788), second COVID-19 wave (August to October 2020, = 532) and third COVID-19 wave (March to April 2021, = 383). Data were collected via a set of validated instruments, and analysed with latent growth models. During the pandemic, we observed a significant increase in stress levels (standardised = 0.473, < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (standardised = 1.284, < 0.001). The rate of increase in depressive symptoms (std. covariance = 0.784, = 0.014), but not in stress levels (std. covariance = 0.057, = 0.743), was associated with the pre-pandemic mental health status of the participants. Further analysis showed that secondary stressors played a predominant role in the increase in mental health difficulties. The main secondary stressors were loneliness, negative emotionality associated with the perception of COVID-19 disease, lack of resilience, female gender and younger age. The surge in stress levels and depressive symptoms persisted across all three consecutive COVID-19 waves. This persistence is attributable to the effects of secondary stressors, and particularly to the status of mental health before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal mechanisms underlying the surge in mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 waves, with direct implications for strategies promoting mental health during pandemics.

Existing data have described benefits and drawbacks of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but no research has evaluated its association with the cardiovascular health (CVH) score proposed by the American Heart Association. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the Kardiovize cohort (Brno, Czech Republic), to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and CVH. We included 1773 subjects (aged 25–64 years; 44.2% men) with no history of CVD. We compared CVD risk factors, CVH metrics (i.e., BMI, healthy diet, physical activity level, smoking status, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol) and CVH score between and within several drinking categories. We found that the relationship between drinking habits and CVH was related to the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking patterns, and beverage choices. Heavy drinkers were more likely to smoke tobacco, and to report diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at higher level than non-drinkers. Among drinkers, however, people who exclusively drank wine exhibited better CVH than those who exclusively drank beer. Although our findings supported the hypothesis that drinking alcohol was related to the CVH in general, further prospective research is needed to understand whether the assessment of CVH should incorporate information on alcohol consumption.

The genetic basis of variability in drug response is at the core of pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies, aiming at reducing adverse drug reaction (ADR), which have interethnic variability. This study used the Kardiovize Brno 2030 random urban Czech sample population to analyze polymorphisms in a wide spectrum of genes coding for liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism. We aimed at correlating real life drug consumption with pharmacogenomic profile, and at comparing these data with the SUPER-Finland Finnish PGx database. A total of 250 individuals representative of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 cohort were included in an observational study. Blood DNA was extracted and 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 13 genes (BCHE, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, F2, F5, IFNL3, SLCO1B1, TPMT, UGT1A1, VKORC1), associated to different drug metabolizing rates, were characterized by genotyping using a genome wide commercial array. Widely used drugs such as anti-coagulant warfarin and lipid lowering agent atorvastatin were associated to an alarmingly high percentage of users with intermediate/poor metabolism for them. Significant differences in the frequency of normal/intermediate/poor/ultrarapid/rapid metabolizers were observed for CYPD26 (p<0.001), CYP2C19 (p<0.001) and UGT1A1 (p<0.001) between the Czech and the Finnish study populations. Our study demonstrated that administration of some popular drugs to a Czech random sample population is associated with different drug metabolizing rates and therefore exposing to risk for ADRs. We also highlight interethnic differentiation of some common pharmacogenetics variants between Central (Czech) and North European (Finnish) population studies, suggesting the utility of PGx-informed prescription based on variant genotyping.