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Global citizenship education (GCE) has recently been promoted by national education systems and supranational organisations as a means for facilitating social cohesion and peace education. We examined the perceptions of GCE held by teachers from the three main education sectors in Israel: secular-Jewish, religious-Jewish, and Palestinian Arab, and found stark differences in the way teachers from each sector interpreted the term. For marginalised groups (Palestinian Arab), GCE is seen as offering a way of securing a sense of belonging to a global society. For already well-resourced social groups (Jewish secular), GCE is viewed as a way of promoting global futures. Meanwhile, for the Jewish religious minority in Israel, GCE is seen as a threat to national identity and religious values. Our findings cast doubt on the unifying potential of GCE, and we conclude by calling upon scholars and policymakers to examine unique obstacles facing GCE in their various contexts.

This special issue (SI) highlights how the transnational flow of people in a 'global age' shapes the needs and aspirations of learners, how citizenship education can engage with this, while taking account of differences across groups and contexts. In this editorial introduction, we introduce a thematic analysis of GCE scholarship to date and consider the contributions of British-based research to this rapidly growing field. We then use this thematic analysis as a framework for examining the unique contribution each paper in this SI makes to the current scholarly landscape and highlighting the specific sub-fields each paper aligns and connects with.

This chapter presents an innovative, cross-disciplinary methodological approach to systematically reviewing and comparing large bodies of literature using big data, Natural Language Processing, network analysis, and supplementary qualitative analysis. The approach is demonstrated through an analysis of the literature surrounding four common concepts within the scholarship related to the global turn in education: 21st-century skills, global citizenship, intercultural competencies, and cosmopolitan education. An analysis is made of each network representing the focal concepts. We also undertake a comparative analysis of topics appearing across the scholarship found on the different concepts. Through this analysis we highlight some benefits of the outlined methodology in identifying overarching themes across bodies of literature, locating differences in how topics are approached within the context of each concept, revealing blind spots and caveats in specific areas of scholarship, and being able to outline distinctive characteristics of the literature related to each concept. Limitations and potential uses of the method are subsequently discussed. This review will be of use to researchers from any field who are interested in novel methodological ways of unpacking and analyzing large bodies of knowledge, as well as scholars embarking on research related to the global turn in education, and finally, policymakers looking to identify which concepts to utilize in their work in this area.

Studies on reproductive technologies often examine women’s reproductive lives in terms of choice and control. Drawing on 48 accounts of procreative experiences of religiously devout Jewish women in Israel and the US, we examine their attitudes, understandings and experiences of pregnancy, reproductive technologies and prenatal testing. We suggest that the concept of hishtadlut—”obligatory effort”—works as an explanatory model that organizes Haredi women’s reproductive careers and their negotiations of reproductive technologies. As an elastic category with negotiable and dynamic boundaries, hishtadlut gives ultra-orthodox Jewish women room for effort without the assumption of control; it allows them to exercise discretion in relation to medical issues without framing their efforts in terms of individual choice. Haredi women hold themselves responsible for making their obligatory effort and not for pregnancy outcomes. We suggest that an alternative paradigm to autonomous choice and control emerges from cosmological orders where reproductive duties constitute “obligatory choices.”

Processes of globalisation, driven and enhanced by global organisations and agencies, have contributed to an increased interest in global citizenship education (GCE). This can be attributed to (and at the same time-is manifested in) the inclusion of GCE in UNESCO's sustainable development goals, and its subsequent measurement through the OECD's PISA in 2018. GCE has many applications and meanings, but it generally refers to educational policies and curricula aimed at preparing or encouraging pupils to partake, compete, and thrive in global society or help to solve global problems. In Israel, the intractable conflict and the highly diverse population have led to a divided education system that is very nationalistic; however, the nation has high aspirations in terms of its role in the global economy and its place in a global society. Thus, with regards to GCE, Israel is caught between its will to internationalise and its sectarian nature. This creates an interesting case through which to examine GCE, with a particular focus on the extent to which approaches and understandings of GCE within Israel differ from those devised by scholars with different contexts in mind. In this thesis, through interviews with teachers from different sectors and geographic areas, focus groups with pupils, and a documentary analysis of an official course produced by the Israeli MFA and MOE and additional sources, I explore the distinct meanings attributed to GCE across and within different groups in Israel. I argue that the extent and ways that different populations relate to it are informed by notions of peripherality across three levels- geographic, national, and social. The differential meanings of GCE that arise from my analysis based on this framework suggest that the discourses and tests produced and promoted by global organisations are neither relevant in global terms (i.e., global north/south) nor between or within countries.

Studies on reproductive technologies often examine women's reproductive lives in terms of choice and control. Drawing on 48 accounts of procreative experiences of religiously devout Jewish women in Israel and the US, we examine their attitudes, understandings and experiences of pregnancy, reproductive technologies and prenatal testing. We suggest that the concept of hishtadlut-\"obligatory effort\"-works as an explanatory model that organizes Haredi women's reproductive careers and their negotiations of reproductive technologies. As an elastic category with negotiable and dynamic boundaries, hishtadlut gives ultra-orthodox Jewish women room for effort without the assumption of control; it allows them to exercise discretion in relation to medical issues without framing their efforts in terms of individual choice. Haredi women hold themselves responsible for making their obligatory effort and not for pregnancy outcomes. We suggest that an alternative paradigm to autonomous choice and control emerges from cosmological orders where reproductive duties constitute \"obligatory choices.\"Studies on reproductive technologies often examine women's reproductive lives in terms of choice and control. Drawing on 48 accounts of procreative experiences of religiously devout Jewish women in Israel and the US, we examine their attitudes, understandings and experiences of pregnancy, reproductive technologies and prenatal testing. We suggest that the concept of hishtadlut-\"obligatory effort\"-works as an explanatory model that organizes Haredi women's reproductive careers and their negotiations of reproductive technologies. As an elastic category with negotiable and dynamic boundaries, hishtadlut gives ultra-orthodox Jewish women room for effort without the assumption of control; it allows them to exercise discretion in relation to medical issues without framing their efforts in terms of individual choice. Haredi women hold themselves responsible for making their obligatory effort and not for pregnancy outcomes. We suggest that an alternative paradigm to autonomous choice and control emerges from cosmological orders where reproductive duties constitute \"obligatory choices.\"