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In this paper, an oblique aperture ridge waveguide operating at 2450 MHz is proposed, and, using the ridge waveguide, a permittivity measurement system is constructed which can measure the permittivity of materials during microwave heating. The system calculates the amplitudes of the scattering parameters by using the forward, reflected and transmitted powers of the power meters, and it reconstructs the permittivity of the material by combining the scattering parameters with an artificial neural network. The system is used to measure the complex permittivity of mixed solutions of methanol and ethanol with different ratios at room temperature, and the permittivity of methanol and ethanol with increasing temperature, from room temperature to 50 °C. The measured results are in good agreement with the reference data. The system allows simultaneous measurement of the permittivity with microwave heating and provides real-time, rapid changes in the permittivity during heating, avoiding thermal runaway and providing a reference for applications of microwave energy in the chemical industry.

In this paper, a novel ridge substrate-integrated waveguide (RSIW) sensor is proposed, and the RSIW is optimized and simulated using full-wave simulation. A RSIW-based system was developed for measuring the permittivity of substances, and a neural network algorithm was utilized to reconstruct the permittivity in real time. The system was employed to measure the permittivity of mixed solutions of ethanol and deionized water, and the results were consistent with those obtained using a Keysight commercial probe. The relative errors of the real part and loss tangent were found to be less than 3% and 5%, respectively. These results indicate that the RSIW measuring apparatus is capable of accurate real-time measurement of the permittivity of materials. The simplicity of the manufacturing process, the reduced quantity of measurement samples, and the ease with which they can be prepared all contribute to the potential for microwave energy and microwave wastewater detection application.

Background:Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is affected by multiple factors. This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods:The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Metastatic sites included liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland, pleura, and contralateral lung. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method. Organ-specific disease control rate (OSDCR) of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.Results:Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified. The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS (3.1 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0005) and OS (11.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0016). Besides, patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS (4.2 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0532) rather than OS (P = 0.6086). Moreover, the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis (15.5 vs. 4.3 months, P = 0.1894). More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS (P = 0.0052) but not OS (P = 0.0791). The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs (Phi[ϕ]: 0.516, P = 0.001). The highest OSDCR was observed in lung (15/17), and the lowest in the liver (1/4).Conclusions:Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC. ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis, thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.

Background::Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is affected by multiple factors. This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods::The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Metastatic sites included liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland, pleura, and contralateral lung. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method. Organ-specific disease control rate (OSDCR) of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.Results::Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified. The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS (3.1 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0005) and OS (11.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0016). Besides, patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS (4.2 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0532) rather than OS ( P = 0.6086). Moreover, the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis (15.5 vs. 4.3 months, P = 0.1894). More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS ( P = 0.0052) but not OS ( P = 0.0791). The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs (Phi[φ]: 0.516, P = 0.001). The highest OSDCR was observed in lung (15/17), and the lowest in the liver (1/4). Conclusions::Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC. ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis, thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and generally co-occurs with elevated shame levels. Previous shame-specific interventions could significantly improve outcomes in social anxiety treatments. Recent review suggests that integrating a more direct shame intervention could potentially increase the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy. Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (WCBT) has proven efficacy, sustaining benefits for 6 months to 4 years. Previous evidence indicated that shame predicted the reduction of social anxiety and mediated between engagements in exposure and changes in social anxiety during WCBT. This study aimed to design a shame intervention component through a longitudinal study and conduct a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a shame intervention component in reducing social anxiety symptoms and shame experience in a clinical sample of people with SAD. The development of a shame intervention component was informed by cognitive behavioral principles and insights from longitudinal data that measured the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the Coping Styles Questionnaire, and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) in 153 participants. The psychoeducation, cognitive construct, and exposure sections were tailored to focus more on shame-related problem-solving and self-blame. A total of 1220 participants were recruited to complete questionnaires, including the ESS, the SIAS, the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), and diagnostic interviews. Following a 2-round screening process, 201 participants with SAD were randomly assigned into a shame WCBT group, a normal WCBT group, and a waiting group. After the 8-week WCBT intervention, the participants were asked to complete posttest evaluations, including the ESS, SIAS and SPS. Participants in the shame WCBT group experienced significant reductions in shame levels after the intervention (ESS: P<.001; ηp2=0.22), and the reduction was greater in the shame intervention group compared to normal WCBT (P<.001; mean deviation -12.50). Participants in both the shame WCBT and normal WCBT groups experienced significant reductions in social anxiety symptoms (SIAS: P<.001; ηp2=0.32; SPS: P<.001; ηp2=0.19) compared to the waiting group after intervention. Furthermore, in the experience of social interaction anxiety (SIAS), the shame WCBT group showed a higher reduction compared to the normal WCBT group (P<.001; mean deviation -9.58). Problem-solving (SE 0.049, 95% CI 0.025-0.217) and self-blame (SE 0.082, 95% CI 0.024-0.339) mediated the effect between ESS and SIAS. This is the first study to design and incorporate a shame intervention component in WCBT and to validate its efficacy via a randomized controlled trial. The shame WCBT group showed a significant reduction in both shame and social anxiety after treatment compared to the normal WCBT and waiting groups. Problem-solving and self-blame mediated the effect of shame on social anxiety. In conclusion, this study supports previous findings that a direct shame-specific intervention component could enhance the efficacy of WCBT.

AbstractBackground:Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is affected by multiple factors. This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods:The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Metastatic sites included liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland, pleura, and contralateral lung. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method. Organ-specific disease control rate (OSDCR) of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.Results:Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified. The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS (3.1 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0005) and OS (11.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0016). Besides, patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS (4.2 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0532) rather than OS (P = 0.6086). Moreover, the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis (15.5 vs. 4.3 months, P = 0.1894). More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS (P = 0.0052) but not OS (P = 0.0791). The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs (Phi[ϕ]: 0.516, P = 0.001). The highest OSDCR was observed in lung (15/17), and the lowest in the liver (1/4).Conclusions:Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC. ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis, thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.

We use ATmegal128 single-chip microcomputer as control processor to realize climbing wall-cleaning robot, by using four wheel drive structure and the principle of negative pressure adsorbing. This paper introduces the composition structure, function index of the robot, hardware and software design.The robot experiments show that the robot has a certain ability to adapt to the wall, which can remain stable posture during the cleaning process .Also it can finish surface cleaning work very good w ith characteristics of small volume, easy operation and low cost.