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Background. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory state categorized by a disturbance of immunoregulatory mechanisms. MicroRNA-155 (miRNA-155) has an essential role in regulating gene expression and can mediate the allergic TH2 process. Objective. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of miR-155 as a biomarker in AR and correlate its level with the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and the levels of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4). Methods. This study included 90 children: 45 with pollen-induced AR and 45 healthy controls. Serum miR-155 expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Human IL-4 ELIZA kits were used for the semiquantitative detection of the serum levels of IL-4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the best cutoff values for the studied parameters for the diagnosis of AR. Results. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were matched with respect to age and sex. The AR case group included 23 (51.1%) males and 22 (48.9%) females, while the control group included 24 (53.3%) males and 21 (46.7%) females. The miR-155 level was increased in the serum of children with pollen-induced AR compared with controls (mean difference = 2.8, p<0.001). A significant positive correlation between the serum expression level of miR-155 and TNSS in children with AR was detected (r = 0.494, p<0.001). However, no significant correlation was identified between the expression of miR-155 and that of IL-4. At a cutoff value of 1.09, the sensitivity of miR-155 as a biomarker for AR was 100%, and the specificity was 71.1%. Conclusion. MiR-155 expression levels were elevated in the serum of AR children. Therefore, miR-155 could be used as a biomarker in AR diagnosis.

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a rare systemic vasculitis that is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Although neurological involvement is a known complication, ischemic stroke remains uncommon. Herein, we report a 37-year-old Kuwaiti woman who experienced recurrent ischemic stroke with no traditional risk factors. Imaging studies, including magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent ischemic stroke and identified the underlying vasculitic changes. A detailed examination revealed a history of recurrent orogenital ulcers, leading to a diagnosis of BD. High-dose corticosteroids, azathioprine, and antiplatelet treatment were effectively used to manage her acute strokes and underlying vasculitis, thus preventing further thrombotic events. Our case report underscores the difficulties of diagnosing BD with ischemic stroke as the initial manifestation and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that involves rheumatologists, neurologists, and radiologists to create an effective treatment plan. Our findings also underscore the need for medical practitioners to be more knowledgeable about ischemic stroke in young patients without risk factors from endemic areas of BD, and to develop effective therapy plans. Our review of the English literature indicates that this is only the fifth report of stroke as the first presentation of BD.

Left displaced abomasum (LDA) is a common postparturient condition of high yielding dairy cattle. The diagnosis of LDA is challenging and has historically been based on findings that are not specific to the condition. The objective of the current study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (USG) in the clinical management of dairy cows identified with left-sided ping sound . Cows with reduced appetite and had audible left-sided ping sounds on abdominal auscultation were eligible to be prospectively recruited onto the study. The results of clinical findings and abdominal USG were recorded along with milk β-hydroxybutyrate levels, pH levels of abomaso/rumenocentesis samples, and findings on exploratory laparotomy. The diagnostic performance of USG and other clinical investigations was assessed by calculating the test sensitivity and specificity using exploratory laparotomy as a gold standard test. A definitive diagnosis of LDA was made in 23 cows, 8 cows were diagnosed with peritonitis, and 4 cows with frothy tympany. The USG findings that were consistent with LDA were present in all cattle diagnosed with LDA at exploratory laparotomy. The USG findings over the past three intercostal space characteristics of LDA, however, were also present in five cases subsequently diagnosed with peritonitis and in all cases diagnosed with frothy tympany on exploratory laparotomy. The pH of abdomaso/rumenocentesis samples yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy (97.14%) as a single test in the current study. USG over the left abdominal wall despite being a highly sensitive test for the diagnosis of LDA has limitations as a diagnostic tool due to suboptimal specificity.

Calibration laboratories often face the challenge of the impossibility to perform full capacity range calibration of their force transducers, particularly below 10 % of the force transducer’s capacity. Sometimes these laboratories use curve fitting extrapolation to estimate and predict force transducer behavior within uncalibrated capacity ranges. This work deals with the study of extrapolation errors in force transducers to know and estimate prediction accuracies when using extrapolation for force transducer calibration in ranges below 10 % and between 50 % and 100 % of the transducer’s capacity. The results of this study showed that the magnitude of the extrapolation error is very close to the magnitude of the reproducibility error within calibrated capacity ranges in the laboratory.

The main goal of surgery of cholesteatoma is eradication of the disease and revision surgery is indicated when a dry and safe ear has not been achieved. Residual cholesteatoma usually occurs at the sites that are difficult to reach with an operating microscope, such as posterior tympanum and anterior epitympanic recess. Computed tomography can be performed to delineate the extent of disease. High-resolution computed tomography scanning is important for planning for surgery and is indicated for all revision mastoid operations. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography in tissue characterization for diagnosis of recurrent cholesteatoma. To evaluate the cases of recurrent cholesteatoma comparing the intraoperative surgical findings with the preoperative MRI radiological findings and if the preoperative MRI can replace the second look surgery for cholesteatoma. This study was applied on 60 patients that have a recurrent cholesteatoma after previous mastoid surgery. A preoperative radiological evaluation was done by Magnetic resonance, surgical management was done by canal wall up or canal wall down mastoidectomy to exclude residual disease. Then, radiological, and surgical findings correlation was done. Diffusion-weighted MRI successfully detected 42 cases out of the 45 cases of surgically proved cholesteatoma, it has accuracy 95%, sensitivity 93.33%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 83.33%. MRI is better than CT in tissue characterization for diagnosis of recurrent cholesteatoma, and can replace the unnecessary second look surgery of cholesteatoma

Diffuse peritonitis is a potential fatal inflammation and considered the important common leading cause of peritonitis-related death in ruminants worldwide. This study was designed to find suitable biomarkers aid in diagnosis and differentiation between different causes of diffuse peritonitis in buffaloes. Clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were applied as well as blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Based on necropsy findings, diffuse peritonitis was found to be of digestive origin (traumatic reticuloperitonitis-TRP or perforated abomasum/intestine), or of non-digestive origin from ruptured uterus. Serum total protein (TP), globulins, Malondialdehyde and plasma fibrinogen were significantly increased in both digestive and non-digestive origins. Meanwhile, serum pepsinogen was significantly elevated in diffuse peritonitis associated with perforated abomasum and intestine. Serum haptoglobin (Hp) showed a highly significant increase in TRP rather than other groups. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) and catalase showed non-significant changes in all groups of diffuse peritonitis in buffaloes. In conclusion, our results suggested that Hp and pepsinogen could enable the veterinarians for better diagnosis of the different causes of diffuse peritonitis in buffaloes. Highlights The current study suggested that Hp and pepsinogen could be a diagnostic markers for the differentiation between different causes of diffuse peritonitis in buffaloes, while, NO and CAT were of no value. However estimation of Fb, globulins, Tp and MDA help in the diagnosis of diffuse peritonitis but it cannot help in the differentiation between different causes of diffuse peritonitis in buffaloes.

Background: One of the main causes of death in the developed world is acute myocardial infarction. In the world, this condition affects close to three million people.ST- elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction are two categories for myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). A full and persistent obstruction of an epicardial coronary blood artery is the typical cause of STEMI. The most frequent causes of NSTEMI are severe coronary artery constriction, transient occlusion, or microembolization of thrombus and/or atheromatous material. NSTEMI is diagnosed by history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and increased cardiac biomarkers in the absence of ST elevation.Risk factors for developing MI are either modifiable such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia and smoking or Non-modifiable like positive family history of premature CAD. Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) has been recognized as an important complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is known to worsen patients’ prognoses even if the degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) is mild to moderate. IMR is brought on by remodelling of the left ventricle (LV) that affects the mitral valve mechanism.Following MI, it is predicted that IMR occurs 11–59% of the time, with moderate to severe IMR showing up in 6.3– 12.0% of instances. The aim of the present study to review AMI

Background: The most important anatomical and physiological part of the nose and sinuses is the sinonasal mucosa. The main goal of endoscopic sinus surgery is to remove the disease in the nose and sinuses, with preservation of mucosa and improvement of mucociliary transport.Radical removal of the tissues in the sinuses is generally not necessary in terms of the success of endoscopic sinus surgery

There are four paired sinus cavities that arise and pneumatize at different times during development. They are the maxillary, sphenoid, frontal, and ethmoid sinuses. The ethmoid sinuses are further divided into anterior and posterior sinuses by the basal lamella of the middle turbinate. The nasal cavity can be viewed as a box that is open at either end—the pyriform aperture and the choana–with a roof, a floor, and two side walls. The center piece of the “box” is the ethmoid complex, with which all other sinuses border and are intimately related.Concha Bullosa is considered as a common nasal anatomical variation and not referred as a disease. The middle concha is frequently affected by CB, in contrast; the superior and inferior conchae are rarely affected. The pneumatized middle concha is categorized into three groups based on the location of pneumatization site and extension.Several authors have assessed the relationship between sinonasal anatomic variants and the incidence of sinusitis. The incidence of Haller cells has been reported to vary from 2–45%, and although some reports have found a statistically significant relationship between maxillary sinusitis and medium or large Haller cells, it is generally believed that the presence of a Haller cell is not related to sinusitis. The incidence of agger nasi cells has been reported to vary from 3% to almost 100%, and its presence has been firmly associated with frontal sinusitis. The incidence of Onodi cells varies from 3.4–51%. Although not associated with sinusitis, its presence does pose an increased incidence of surgical complications. There are two anatomic variants, the middle turbinate concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation; however, adequate documentation of their anatomy and etiology has not appeared in the literature either to support or refute their roles in sinusitis. The incidence of CT findings positive for concha bullosa has varied from 14–53%, and the relationship of concha bullosa to paranasal sinus disease continues to be debated.

To assess the accuracy of cephalometric measurements performed with (WEBCEPH analysis software1.0.0 ) with lateral cephalometric radiographsbased on measurement obtained from manual tracing .