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"Graf, Uta"
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Uta Grèaf's effortless dressage program : lightness, harmony, and success through play, groundwork, trail riding, and turnout
At last the dressage world has a sensible means of reconciling classical idealism with show-ring aspirations. In these pages, Grèaf shares her schooling exercies, as well as the techniques she uses to incorporate groundwork, long-lining, trail riding, creative play, bombproofing, and turnout in her training program. The result is dressage that makes reaching your riding goals look and seem easy while ensuring a healthy, contented horse. --Back cover.
Book
Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review
In everyday decision-making, individuals make trade-offs between short-term and long-term benefits or costs. Depending on many factors, individuals may choose to wait for larger delayed reward, yet in other situations they may prefer the smaller, immediate reward. In addition to within-subject variation in the short-term versus long-term reward trade-off, there are also interindividual differences in delay discounting (DD), which have been shown to be quite stable. The extent to which individuals discount the value of delayed rewards turns out to be associated with important health and disorder-related outcomes: the more discounting, the more unhealthy or problematic choices. This has led to the hypothesis that DD can be conceptualized as trans-disease process. The current systematic review presents an overview of behavioral trainings and manipulations that have been developed to reduce DD in human participants aged 12 years or older. Manipulation studies mostly contain one session and measure DD directly after the manipulation. Training studies add a multiple session training component that is not per se related to DD, in between two DD task measurements. Ninety-eight studies (151 experiments) were identified that tested behavioral trainings and manipulations to decrease DD. Overall, results indicated that DD can be decreased, showing that DD is profoundly context dependent and changeable. Most promising avenues to pursue in future research seem to be acceptance-based/mindfulness-based trainings, and even more so manipulations involving a future orientation. Limitations and recommendations are discussed to identify the mechanistic processes that allow for changes in discount rate and behavior accordingly.
Journal Article
Screening for caregivers at risk: Extended validation of the short version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC-s) with a valid classification system for caregivers caring for an older person at home
Background
Informal caregivers’ (CGs’) subjective burden is an important aspect of the care situation because it is linked to various outcomes such as health, mortality risk, institutionalization, and caregiving style. The aims of this study were a) to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the 10-item short version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC-s) and b) to develop a valid classification system for interpreting BSFC-s scores.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data obtained from 386 informal CGs who applied for an initial grade or upgrade of the care level for the care recipient at the Medical Service of Compulsory Health Insurance Funds of Bavaria (Germany). To validate the BSFC-s, we analyzed the reliability and the convergent/discriminant validity. We calculated correlations with the short form of the Giessen Symptom Complaints List (GBB-24), the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), the personal further development sub-scale of the Berlin Inventory of Caregivers’ Burden with Dementia Patients (BIZA-D), and other scales for establishing informal CGs’ situations. To develop the classification system, we compared the percentile ranks of the GBB-24 with the respective BSFC-s sum scores and their distributions and derived three classification categories.
Results
Results confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the BSFC-s (GBB-24:
r
= 0.68; CSI:
r
= 0.70; BIZA-D:
r
= 0.16;
p
< 0.001). For informal CGs with low subjective burden, the risk of physical psychosomatic complaints was elevated to a less than average level (BSFC-s scores of 0-4). In those with a moderate subjective burden (BSFC-s scores of 5-14), the risk was elevated. In those with a high burden (BSFC-s scores of 15-30), the risk was substantially elevated.
Conclusions
The BSFC-s is a valid scale for measuring subjective burden in informal CGs. The risk of physical psychosomatic complaints, which is a consequence of subjective CG burden, can be determined by using the valid classification system to deduce the necessity for action and to give concrete recommendations for interventions. The BSFC-s should therefore be employed as a screening instrument in medical contexts and in counseling services for informal CGs.
Journal Article
Antimicrobial effects of microwave‐induced plasma torch (MiniMIP) treatment on Candida albicans biofilms
Summary The susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a non‐thermal plasma treatment has been investigated in terms of growth, survival and cell viability by a series of in vitro experiments. For different time periods, the C. albicans strain SC5314 was treated with a microwave‐induced plasma torch (MiniMIP). The MiniMIP treatment had a strong effect (reduction factor (RF) = 2.97 after 50 s treatment) at a distance of 3 cm between the nozzle and the superior regions of the biofilms. In addition, a viability reduction of 77% after a 20 s plasma treatment and a metabolism reduction of 90% after a 40 s plasma treatment time were observed for C. albicans. After such a treatment, the biofilms revealed an altered morphology of their cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses of plasma‐treated biofilms showed that an inactivation of cells mainly appeared on the bottom side of the biofilms. Thus, the plasma inactivation of the overgrown surface reveals a new possibility to combat biofilms. The susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a non‐thermal plasma treatment has been investigated in terms of growth, survival, and cell viability by a series of in vitro experiments. For different time periods, the C. albicans strain SC5314 was treated with a microwave‐induced plasma torch (MiniMIP). The treatments lead to strong reduction of cell proliferation and vitality as well as visible changes in cell morphology and structural integrity of biofilms.
Journal Article
Drug sensitivity profiling of 3D tumor tissue cultures in the pediatric precision oncology program INFORM
The international precision oncology program INFORM enrolls relapsed/refractory pediatric cancer patients for comprehensive molecular analysis. We report a two-year pilot study implementing ex vivo drug sensitivity profiling (DSP) using a library of 75–78 clinically relevant drugs. We included 132 viable tumor samples from 35 pediatric oncology centers in seven countries. DSP was conducted on multicellular fresh tumor tissue spheroid cultures in 384-well plates with an overall mean processing time of three weeks. In 89 cases (67%), sufficient viable tissue was received; 69 (78%) passed internal quality controls. The DSP results matched the identified molecular targets, including BRAF, ALK, MET, and TP53 status. Drug vulnerabilities were identified in 80% of cases lacking actionable (very) high-evidence molecular events, adding value to the molecular data. Striking parallels between clinical courses and the DSP results were observed in selected patients. Overall, DSP in clinical real-time is feasible in international multicenter precision oncology programs.
Journal Article
Primary intracranial soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents: a cooperative analysis of the European CWS and HIT study groups
Purely intracranial soft tissue sarcomas (ISTS) are very rare among children. A retrospective database analysis of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) and brain tumor (HIT) registries was conducted to describe treatment and long-term outcome of children and adolescents with ISTS. Nineteen patients from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were reported between 1988 and 2009. Median age at diagnosis was 9.7 years (range, 0.5–17.8). Central pathological review was performed in 17 patients. Eleven patients underwent a total and five a subtotal tumor resection. A biopsy was done in one patient. In two patients no data concerning extent of initial resection was available. Radiotherapy was performed in 15 patients (first-line,
n
= 11; following progression,
n
= 4). All but one patient received chemotherapy (first-line,
n
= 7, following progression,
n
= 5; first-line and following progression,
n
= 6). With a median follow-up of 5.8 years (range, 0.6–19.8) ten patients were alive in either first or second complete remission. Seven patients died due to relapse or progression and two were alive with progressive disease. Estimated progression-free and overall survival at 5 years were 47 % (±12 %) and 74 % (±10 %), respectively. About 50 % of patients with ISTS remain relapse-free after 5 years. Multimodality treatment including complete tumor resection and radio-/chemotherapy is required to achieve sustained tumor control in patients with ISTS. Early initiation of postoperative non-surgical treatment seems to be important to prevent recurrence. Due to the intracranial localization local therapy should follow the recommendations used in brain tumors rather than in soft tissue sarcomas, whereas chemotherapy should be guided by histological subtype.
Journal Article
Schwangerschaft und Mutterschutz in der Kardiologie und in der Kinder- und Jugendkardiologie
Frauen in der Kardiologie und Kinderkardiologie sind besonderen gesundheitlichen Risiken ausgesetzt, die eine bedenkenlose Weiterbeschäftigung während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit infrage stellen und mitunter zu betrieblichen Beschäftigungsverboten führen können. Schwangere, stillende und jüngst entbundene Frauen unterliegen einem besonderen gesetzlichen Schutz, um sie (und ihre Kinder) vor unverantwortbarer Gefährdung und beruflicher Benachteiligung zu bewahren. In diesem Konsensuspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Kardiologie und Angeborene Herzfehler und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin sollen die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen des Mutterschutzgesetzes dargestellt und Anpassungs- und Umgestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Arbeitsbedingungen diskutiert werden, um die berufliche Teilhabe auch während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit uneingeschränkt zu ermöglichen und pauschalisierte Beschäftigungsverbote sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Karriereeinbußen und Verzögerungen in der Weiterbildung zu vermeiden.
Journal Article
Effects on cell viability, growth and morphology of C. albicans SC5314 biofilms after kINPen 09 plasma treatment
Microorganisms are predominantly organized in biofilms, where cells live in dense communities and are more resistant to external stresses compared to their planktonic counterparts. With in vitro experiments, the susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilms to a non-thermal plasma treatment (plasma source kINP 09), in terms of growth, survival, and cell viability was investigated. Behind that background, the C. albicans strain SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876 ) was plasma treated for different time periods (30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 300 s). The results of experiments embracing colony forming units, fluorescence LIVE/DEAD assays, and XTT assays revealed a negative influence of the plasma treatment on the proliferation ability, vitality, and the metabolism of C. albicans biofilms, respectively. Morphological analysis of plasma-treated biofilms using atomic force microscopy supported the indications for lethal plasma effects concomitant with membrane disruptions and the loss of intracellular fluid. Controversial to other publications, fluorescence- and confocal laser scanning-microscopic inspection of plasma-treated biofilms indicated, that an inactivation of cells mainly appeared on the bottom side of the biofilms. If this inactivation leads to a detachment of the biofilms from the overgrown surface, it might offer completely new approaches in the plasma treatment of biofilms. Because of its biochemical-mechanical mode of action, resistances of microbial cells against plasma are unknown at this state of research.
Paper