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The interplay between superconductivity and charge or spin order is a key focus in condensed matter physics, with kagome lattice systems providing unique insights. The kagome superconductor LaRu 3 Si 2 ( T c  ≃ 6.5 K) features a characteristic kagome band structure and a hierarchy of charge order transitions at T co,I  ≃ 400 K and T co,II  ≃ 80 K, along with an additional transition at T * ≃ 35 K associated with electronic and magnetic responses. Using magnetotransport under pressure up to 40 GPa, we find T c peaks at 9 K (2 GPa)—the highest among kagome superconductors—remains nearly constant up to 12 GPa, and then decreases to 2 K at 40 GPa, forming a dome-shaped phase diagram. Similarly, both the resistivity anomaly at T * and the magnetoresistance exhibit a dome-shaped pressure dependence. Moreover, above 12 GPa, X-ray diffraction reveals that the charge order evolves from long-range to short-range, coinciding with the suppression of T c . These observations indicate that superconductivity in LaRu 3 Si 2 is closely linked to the charge-ordered state and the electronic responses at T co,II and T *. The authors study kagome superconductor LaRu3Si2 under pressure up to 40 GPa. They find a superconducting dome as a function of pressure, with Tc reaching its maximum when the coexisting charge order remains long-range.

Understanding how time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaks in quantum materials is key to uncovering new states of matter and advancing quantum technologies. However, unraveling the interplay between TRS breaking, charge order, and superconductivity in kagome metals continues to be a compelling challenge. Here, we investigate the kagome metal Cs(V 1− x Nb x ) 3 Sb 5 with x  = 0.07 using muon spin rotation ( μ SR), alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), under combined tuning by chemical doping, hydrostatic pressure, magnetic field, and depth from the surface. We find that TRS breaking in the bulk emerges below 40 K—lower than the charge order onset at 58 K—while near the surface, TRS breaking onsets at 58 K and is twice as strong. Niobium doping raises the superconducting critical temperature from 2.5 K to 4.4 K. Under pressure, both the critical temperature and superfluid density double, with TRS-breaking superconductivity appearing above 0.85 GPa. These findings reveal a depth-tunable TRS-breaking state and unconventional superconducting behavior in kagome systems. Kagome systems are a rich playground to explore the interplay between superconductivity and charge order. Here, the authors present a comprehensive muon spin rotation analysis, coupled with scanning tunnelling microscopy, under various tuning parameters including chemical doping, depth and hydrostatic pressure to investigate time-reversal symmetry-breaking in Nb-doped CsV 3 Sb 5 .

The cuprate superconductor La 2− x Ba x CuO 4 (LBCO) near x  = 0.125 is a striking example of intertwined electronic orders, where 3D superconductivity is anomalously suppressed, allowing spin and charge stripe order to develop. Understanding this interplay remains a key challenge in cuprates, highlighting the necessity of external tuning for deeper insight. While in-plane uniaxial stress enhances superconductivity and suppresses stripe order, the effects of c -axis compression remains largely unexplored. Here, we use muon spin rotation ( μ SR) and AC susceptibility with an in situ piezoelectric stress device to investigate the spin-stripe order and superconductivity in LBCO-0.115 under c -axis compression. The measurements reveal a gradual suppression of the superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) with increasing c -axis stress, in stark contrast to the strong enhancement observed under in-plane stress. We further show that while in-plane stress rapidly reduces both the magnetic volume fraction ( V m ) and the spin-stripe ordering temperature ( T so ), c -axis compression has no effect, with V m and T so exhibiting an almost unchanged behavior up to the highest applied stress of 0.21 GPa. These findings demonstrate a strong anisotropy in stress response. Unconventional superconductivity in the cuprates involves a complex interplay of competing charge and spin orders, making it challenging to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here, the authors apply uniaxial pressure to tune LBCO, and using muon spin rotation and AC susceptibility, reveal a gradual suppression of T c under c -axis stress–contrasting with its strong enhancement under in plane stress–and show that c axis compression leaves spin stripe order intact while in plane stress strongly suppresses it.

The interplay between superconductivity and charge or spin order is a key focus in condensed matter physics, with kagome lattice systems providing unique insights. The kagome superconductor LaRu Si (T  ≃ 6.5 K) features a characteristic kagome band structure and a hierarchy of charge order transitions at T  ≃ 400 K and T  ≃ 80 K, along with an additional transition at T* ≃ 35 K associated with electronic and magnetic responses. Using magnetotransport under pressure up to 40 GPa, we find T peaks at 9 K (2 GPa)-the highest among kagome superconductors-remains nearly constant up to 12 GPa, and then decreases to 2 K at 40 GPa, forming a dome-shaped phase diagram. Similarly, both the resistivity anomaly at T* and the magnetoresistance exhibit a dome-shaped pressure dependence. Moreover, above 12 GPa, X-ray diffraction reveals that the charge order evolves from long-range to short-range, coinciding with the suppression of T . These observations indicate that superconductivity in LaRu Si is closely linked to the charge-ordered state and the electronic responses at T and T*.

Understanding how time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaks in quantum materials is key to uncovering new states of matter and advancing quantum technologies. However, unraveling the interplay between TRS breaking, charge order, and superconductivity in kagome metals continues to be a compelling challenge. Here, we investigate the kagome metal Cs(V Nb ) Sb with  = 0.07 using muon spin rotation ( SR), alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), under combined tuning by chemical doping, hydrostatic pressure, magnetic field, and depth from the surface. We find that TRS breaking in the bulk emerges below 40 K-lower than the charge order onset at 58 K-while near the surface, TRS breaking onsets at 58 K and is twice as strong. Niobium doping raises the superconducting critical temperature from 2.5 K to 4.4 K. Under pressure, both the critical temperature and superfluid density double, with TRS-breaking superconductivity appearing above 0.85 GPa. These findings reveal a depth-tunable TRS-breaking state and unconventional superconducting behavior in kagome systems.

The cuprate superconductor La Ba CuO (LBCO) near  = 0.125 is a striking example of intertwined electronic orders, where 3D superconductivity is anomalously suppressed, allowing spin and charge stripe order to develop. Understanding this interplay remains a key challenge in cuprates, highlighting the necessity of external tuning for deeper insight. While in-plane uniaxial stress enhances superconductivity and suppresses stripe order, the effects of -axis compression remains largely unexplored. Here, we use muon spin rotation ( SR) and AC susceptibility with an in situ piezoelectric stress device to investigate the spin-stripe order and superconductivity in LBCO-0.115 under -axis compression. The measurements reveal a gradual suppression of the superconducting transition temperature ( ) with increasing -axis stress, in stark contrast to the strong enhancement observed under in-plane stress. We further show that while in-plane stress rapidly reduces both the magnetic volume fraction ( ) and the spin-stripe ordering temperature ( ), -axis compression has no effect, with and exhibiting an almost unchanged behavior up to the highest applied stress of 0.21 GPa. These findings demonstrate a strong anisotropy in stress response.

Treatment of uncontrolled asthma with dupilumab, an anti–interleukin-4 and anti–interleukin-13 receptor monoclonal antibody, in addition to usual therapy, led to a rate of severe exacerbations that was approximately 50% lower than the rate with placebo.

Patients who used oral glucocorticoids for asthma were able to reduce the dose of treatment more successfully when dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting signaling through the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptor, was added to their regimen than when placebo was added.

Current methods for bioprinting functional tissue lack appropriate biofabrication techniques to build complex 3D microarchitectures essential for guiding cell growth and promoting tissue maturation 1 . 3D printing of central nervous system (CNS) structures has not been accomplished, possibly owing to the complexity of CNS architecture. Here, we report the use of a microscale continuous projection printing method (μCPP) to create a complex CNS structure for regenerative medicine applications in the spinal cord. μCPP can print 3D biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds tailored to the dimensions of the rodent spinal cord in 1.6 s and is scalable to human spinal cord sizes and lesion geometries. We tested the ability of µCPP 3D-printed scaffolds loaded with neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to support axon regeneration and form new ‘neural relays’ across sites of complete spinal cord injury in vivo in rodents 1 , 2 . We find that injured host axons regenerate into 3D biomimetic scaffolds and synapse onto NPCs implanted into the device and that implanted NPCs in turn extend axons out of the scaffold and into the host spinal cord below the injury to restore synaptic transmission and significantly improve functional outcomes. Thus, 3D biomimetic scaffolds offer a means of enhancing CNS regeneration through precision medicine. Fast scalable 3D bioprinting generates biocompatible and biomimetic scaffolds to precisely fit the geometries of spinal cord lesions, promote axonal regeneration, and support stem cell grafts to promote recovery from spinal cord injury in rodents.

Although there is a strong association between depressive symptoms and markers of inflammation, it remains unclear whether depressive symptoms at one point in life may predict inflammation later in life. Moreover, despite extant literature linking sleep with both depressive symptoms and inflammation, there is little research investigating poor sleep as a mechanism linking depressive symptoms with later inflammation. The links between depression and physical health can also vary by gender. In longitudinal analyses with data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined whether depressive symptoms were associated with inflammatory markers 11 years later and whether these associations were mediated by sleep disturbances or moderated by gender. Participants reported depressive symptoms and demographic information at baseline. At 11-year follow-up, the same participants ( n = 968) reported depressive symptoms, sleep quality and duration using validated scale items, and provided a blood sample from which inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified. Actigraphy assessment of sleep was obtained in a subsample ( n = 276). After adjusting for concurrent depressive symptoms and other relevant covariates, baseline depressive symptoms were associated with CRP 11 years later in the full sample, and with IL-6 among women. Subjective sleep quality mediated the association between depressive symptoms and CRP. Results suggest that depressive symptoms may be longitudinally associated with inflammation; however, directionality issues cannot be determined from the present work, particularly as inflammation markers (which might have been associated with baseline depressive symptoms) were not available at baseline. Findings further suggest that longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and inflammation may potentially be explained by sleep and may reflect gender specific patterns.