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Nadine Gray (Te Whakatöhea), a 20year registered nurse working at Capital & Coast District Health Board, and an academic with a focus on health equity for Maori, spoke at the NZNO conference about her work. \"Additionally I've encountered institutional racism during handover of care where colleagues display negative attitudes with stereotyped descriptions of Maori or ethnic minority groups or clients. Participants were all Maori women between 20 and 43 years old (no male students chose to participate).

aim: We aimed to describe nurse practitioner (NP) workforce characteristics, clinical practice and enablers and barriers in Aotearoa New Zealand. methods: Five cross-sectional, self-reported online surveys were distributed biannually in collaboration with Nurse Practitioners New Zealand. Eligible participants were registered Aotearoa New Zealand NPs. Quantitative items covered demographics, practice activities and work environment; qualitative items captured priorities for change. Data were cleaned and reclassified to ensure comparability across survey rounds, and descriptive statistics were used to report findings. Ethics approval: Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, Human Ethics Committee, 2024/HE000107. results: Of the 1,004 valid responses (52–74% of the workforce per survey), most respondents were practicing clinically (>94%). By 2022, prescribing was near-universal (98%), with most ordering laboratory (92%) and radiology (70%) investigations. Employment was concentrated in district health boards/Health New Zealand – Te Whatu Ora, with increasing representation in primary health organisations, private practice, non-governmental organisations and self-employment. Respondents reported barriers to practicing at full-scope of practice, limited succession planning and challenges to workforce sustainability. conclusion: NPs are an established part of Aotearoa New Zealand’s health workforce. However, persistent structural barriers, limited succession planning and variable support for full-scope practice continue to constrain their contribution. Strengthening integration and sustainable policy support are essential to realise the full potential of the NP role.

Nurse practitioners (NPs) are an integral part of New Zealand’s health care system, addressing workforce shortages and seeking to reduce health inequities. Despite their increasing presence, there remains limited evidence on patient, health service, and economic outcomes of NP-led care. Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi), as New Zealand’s foundational document, establishes obligations for equity and partnership with Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand), yet considerable health care disparities persist. This manuscript presents a co-designed research approach that emphasizes collaboration between Māori NPs and leaders and non-Māori using a noho marae (staying or living on a marae) approach. The noho marae is an immersive, culturally embedded practice ensuring that the research aligns with Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations and Māori priorities. The noho marae created a culturally safe environment for relationship building, collective decision-making, and discussion about a research agenda that honors Māori leadership and self-determination (rangatiratanga). Key learnings from the co-design process underscore the importance of culturally responsive research methods, highlighting how such partnerships strengthen health care research, workforce development, and health equity initiatives. This report provides insights into co-design approaches for indigenous health research, particularly in contexts without formal treaty obligations. This may be useful globally in countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United States. It reinforces the need for sustained investment in culturally safe and sensitive research to ensure equitable health care outcomes and meaningful systemic change. •Co-designing research with Māori nurse leaders enhances the relevance and impact of research.•Embedding Te Tiriti o Waitangi principles enhances health research equity and cultural safety.•Mātauranga Māori principles guided the co-designed nurse practitioner research approach, ensuring alignment with Māori values and cultural integrity.

A chultun is a subterranean feature, carved into the limestone bedrock and entered through a restricted, cylindrical orifice. During the 1996–1998 field seasons, four such features were excavated in the periphery of the ancient Maya site of X-ual-canil in the Cayo District of Belize, Central America. The chultunob discussed in this thesis date from the Protoclassic and late Classic times. The functional information gained through excavation and comparative means indicates that chultunob from X-ual-canil, and other Upper Belize River Valley chambers were used for short term storage, the interment of human remains, as well as termination and dedicatory rituals.

Biological systems are known to be highly transparent to 700- to 1,100-nm near-infrared (NIR) light. It is shown here that the strong optical absorbance of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in this special spectral window, an intrinsic property of SWNTs, can be used for optical stimulation of nanotubes inside living cells to afford multifunctional nanotube biological transporters. For oligonucleotides transported inside living cells by nanotubes, the oligos can translocate into cell nucleus upon endosomal rupture triggered by NIR laser pulses. Continuous NIR radiation can cause cell death because of excessive local heating of SWNT in vitro. Selective cancer cell destruction can be achieved by functionalization of SWNT with a folate moiety, selective internalization of SWNTs inside cells labeled with folate receptor tumor markers, and NIR-triggered cell death, without harming receptor-free normal cells. Thus, the transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with suitable functionalization chemistry and their intrinsic optical properties can lead to new classes of novel nanomaterials for drug delivery and cancer therapy.

Coastal eutrophication is a prevalent threat to the healthy functioning of ecosystems globally. While degraded water quality can be detected by monitoring oxygen, nutrient concentrations, and algal abundance, establishing regulatory guidelines is complicated by a lack of baseline data (e.g., pre-Anthropocene). We use historical carbon and nitrogen isoscapes over ~300 years from sediment cores to reconstruct spatial and temporal changes in nutrient dynamics for a central California estuary, Elkhorn Slough, where development and agriculture dramatically enhanced nutrient inputs over the past century. We found strong contrasts between current sediment stable isotopes and those from the recent past, demonstrating shifts exceeding those in previously studied eutrophic estuaries and substantial increases in nutrient inputs. Comparisons of contemporary with historical isoscapes also revealed that nitrogen sources shifted from a historical marine-terrestrial gradient with higher δ 15 N near the inlet to amplified denitrification at the head and mouth of the modern estuary driven by increased N inputs. Geospatial analysis of historical data suggests that an increase in fertilizer application – rather than population growth or increases in the extent of cultivated land – is chiefly responsible for increasing nutrient loads during the 20 th century. This study demonstrates the ability of isotopic and stoichiometric maps to provide important perspectives on long-term shifts and spatial patterns of nutrients that can be used to improve management of nutrient pollution.

Mr. [Randall Heidt] was right on with his comments about how lucky we are to live in Prince George and be so close to so many amenities. Last weekend we were lucky enough to enjoy the gorgeous fall colours and the fantastic northern lights while on a weekend retreat at Moose Springs Resort.

Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin type O-glycosylation by catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to Ser or Thr on a protein substrate. Inactive and partially active variants of the isoenzyme GalNAc-T12 are present in subsets of patients with colorectal cancer, and several of these variants alter nonconserved residues with unknown functions. While previous biochemical studies have demonstrated that GalNAc-T12 selects for peptide and glycopeptide substrates through unique interactions with its catalytic and lectin domains, the molecular basis for this distinct substrate selectivity remains elusive. Here we examine the molecular basis of the activity and substrate selectivity of GalNAc-T12. The X-ray crystal structure of GalNAc-T12 in complex with a di-glycosylated peptide substrate reveals how a nonconserved GalNAc binding pocket in the GalNAc-T12 catalytic domain dictates its unique substrate selectivity. In addition, the structure provides insight into how colorectal cancer mutations disrupt the activity of GalNAc-T12 and illustrates how the rules dictating GalNAc-T12 function are distinct from those for other GalNAc-Ts.

BackgroundDespite anatomical correction, people born with oesophageal atresia±tracheoesophageal fistula (OA-TOF) experience lifelong morbidity. Core outcome sets (COSs) are recognised as a means of improving research quality and, as a consequence, improving patient outcomes; one was not available for this population.ObjectiveThe scope of the study was to develop a COS for people born with OA-TOF that would be applicable regardless of age or geographic location.Study designPatient input was paramount to this study. For long-list generation, in addition to the systematic review (SR), patients and representatives were invited to participate in focus groups, interviews or complete activity packs to ascertain outcomes that matter most to them. International consensus was then sought using a two-step Delphi survey followed by an online consensus meeting.ResultsEight outcomes were identified through patient events that had not been picked up from SR. 175 people completed the Delphi survey from 26 countries and health care professionals from 13 different disciplines. 24 outcomes met predefined criteria for inclusion and following discussion and voting in the consensus meeting, and 14/24 outcomes were agreed for inclusion in the COS.Conclusion14 outcomes have been agreed on to form the COS. 12 of these outcomes are relevant to people of all ages, 1 to paediatric population and 1 to adult cohorts. The COS is, therefore, truly applicable lifelong, which was the scope of the project. This COS will help reduce research heterogeneity, enabling better quality research outcomes and more comparable data.

Visceral leishmaniasis causes considerable mortality and morbidity in many parts of the world. There is an urgent need for the development of new, effective treatments for this disease. Here we describe the development of an anti-leishmanial drug-like chemical series based on a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. The leading compound from this series (7, DDD853651/GSK3186899) is efficacious in a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis, has suitable physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties for further development, and has been declared a preclinical candidate. Detailed mode-of-action studies indicate that compounds from this series act principally by inhibiting the parasite cdc-2-related kinase 12 (CRK12), thus defining a druggable target for visceral leishmaniasis. A series of compounds are discovered for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, and cdc2-related kinase 12 (CRK12) is identified as the probable primary drug target.