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"Grayson, Michael"
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The eponym dictionary of birds
\"Birdwatchers often come across bird names that include a person's name, either in the vernacular (English) name or latinised in the scientific nomenclature. Such names are properly called eponyms, and few people will not have been curious as to who some of these people were (or are). Names such as Darwin, Wallace, Audubon, Gould and (Gilbert) White are well known to most people, and keener birders will have yearned to see Pallas's Warbler, Hume's Owl, Bicknell's Thrush, Steller's Sea Eagle and Ross's Gull. But few people today will have even heard of Albertina's Myna, Barraband's Parrot, Guerin's Helmetcrest or Savigny's Eagle Owl. This extraordinary new work lists more than 4,000 eponymous names covering 10,000 genera, species and subspecies of birds. Every taxon with an eponymous vernacular or scientific name (whether in current usage or not) is listed, followed by a concise biography of the person concerned. These entries vary in length from a few lines to several paragraphs, depending on the availability of information or the importance of the individual's legacy. The text is peppered with intriguing or little-known facts, unearthed in the course of the authors' extensive research. Ornithologists will find this an invaluable reference. It is especially helpful when sorting out birds named after people with identical surnames, or in situations where only a person's forename is used. But all birders will find much of interest in this fascinating volume, a book to dip into time and time again, whenever their curiosity is aroused.\"--Dust jacket.
Book
Convolutional Neural Networks for Hole Inspection in Aerospace Systems
Foreign object debris (FOd) in rivet holes, machined holes, and fastener sites poses a critical risk to aerospace manufacturing, where current inspections rely on manual visual checks with flashlights and mirrors. These methods are slow, fatiguing, and prone to error. This work introduces HANNDI, a compact handheld inspection device that integrates controlled optics, illumination, and onboard deep learning for rapid and reliable inspection directly on the factory floor. The system performs focal sweeps, aligns and fuses the images into an all-in-focus representation, and applies a dual CNN pipeline based on the YOLO architecture: one network detects and localizes holes, while the other classifies debris. All training images were collected with the prototype, ensuring consistent geometry and lighting. On a withheld test set from a proprietary ≈3700 image dataset of aerospace assets, HANNDI achieved per-class precision and recall near 95%. An end-to-end demonstration on representative aircraft parts yielded an effective task time of 13.6 s per hole. To our knowledge, this is the first handheld automated optical inspection system that combines mechanical enforcement of imaging geometry, controlled illumination, and embedded CNN inference, providing a practical path toward robust factory floor deployment.
Journal Article
Methodology for Enablement of Human Digital Twins for Quality Assurance in the Aerospace Manufacturing Domain
This paper will examine a methodology to enable the usage of Human Digital Twins (HDTs) for Quality Assurance in the aerospace manufacturing domain. Common-place hardware and infrastructure, including cloud-based facility security cameras, cloud-based commercial virtual environments, a virtual reality (VR) headset, and artificial intelligence (AI) detection algorithms, have been connected via application programming interfaces (API) to enable a 24-h surveillance and feedback capability for a representative aerospace manufacturing cell. Human operators who perform defined manufacturing assembly operations in real life in the cell can utilize this methodology to digitize their performance and provide objective evidence of conformity and safety messaging for their human-centric manufacturing operation in real time. The digitization of real human-centric performance using this methodology creates the foundation for a HDT. This paper will present the application of HDTs in a manner that can easily be scaled across manufacturing operations while utilizing technologies that are already commonly inserted into existing manufacturing operations, which facilitates the exploration of HDT concepts without the need for expensive capital purchases and emerging technologies.
Journal Article
John Bennett Fenn: A Curious Road to the Prize
John Bennett Fenn shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of electrospray ionization (ESI). There are several excellent, in-depth biographical reviews of Fenn’s scientific career Fenn (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 42, 3871-3894,
2003
) and Fenn (Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 47, 1-41,
1996
). The focus of this report is to trace the random walk nature of Fenn’s career path and to highlight those critical events along that path that led him to the important work for which he was recognized, the development of ESI as a means of ionizing large molecules and interfacing the liquid chromatograph to the mass spectrometer. In addition, this report should hopefully convey something of the curious, generous, kind, and outgoing nature of the man.
Journal Article
eponym dictionary of mammals
Just who was the Przewalski after whom Przewalski's horse was named? Or Husson, the eponym for the rat Hydromys hussoni? Or the Geoffroy whose name is forever linked to Geoffroy's cat? This unique reference provides a brief look at the real lives behind the scientific and vernacular mammal names one encounters in field guides, textbooks, journal articles, and other scholarly works.
Arranged to mirror standard dictionaries, the more than 1, 300 entries included here explain the origins of over 2, 000 mammal species names. Each bio-sketch lists the scientific and common-language names of all species named after the person, outlines the individual's major contributions to mammalogy and other branches of zoology, and includes brief information about his or her mammalian namesake's distribution. The two appendixes list scientific and common names for ease of reference, and, where appropriate, individual entries include mammals commonly—but mistakenly—believed to be named after people.
The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals is a highly readable and informative guide to the people whose names are immortalized in mammal nomenclature.
eBook
Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude
Objectives Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) circulate worldwide but cause minimal mortality. Although seroconversion to hCoV is near ubiquitous during childhood, little is known about hCoV‐specific T‐cell memory in adults. Methods We quantified CD4 T‐cell and antibody responses to hCoV spike antigens in 42 SARS‐CoV‐2‐uninfected individuals. Antigen‐specific memory T cells and circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells were identified using an activation‐induced marker assay and characterised for memory phenotype and chemokine receptor expression. Results T‐cell responses were widespread within conventional memory and cTFH compartments but did not correlate with IgG titres. SARS‐CoV‐2 cross‐reactive T cells were observed in 48% of participants and correlated with HKU1 memory. hCoV‐specific T cells exhibited a CCR6+ central memory phenotype in the blood, but were enriched for frequency and CXCR3 expression in human lung‐draining lymph nodes. Conclusion Overall, hCoV‐specific humoral and cellular memory are independently maintained, with a shared phenotype existing among coronavirus‐specific CD4 T cells. This understanding of endemic coronavirus immunity provides insight into the homeostatic maintenance of immune responses that are likely to be critical components of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2. Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses includes widespread, low‐level antibody and CD4 T‐cell responses, which are maintained independently. All hCoV‐specific and cross‐reactive SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD4 T‐cell responses share a common phenotypic and memory profile. hCoV‐specific CD4 T cells were substantially enriched in human lung‐draining lymph nodes compared with the circulation, suggesting a potential anatomical niche for maintenance of hCoV cellular memory.
Journal Article
Application of SIMSTEX to Oligomerization of Insulin Analogs and Mutants
The propensity of various insulins and their analogs to oligomerize was investigated by mass spectrometric methods including measurement of the relative abundances of oligomers in the gas phase and the kinetics of H/D amide exchange. The kinetics of deuterium uptake show a good fit when the exchanging amides are placed in three kinetic groups: fast, intermediate, and slow. r-Human insulin, of the insulins investigated, has fewer amides that exchange at intermediate rates and more that exchange at slow rates, in accord with its higher extent of association in solution. We adapted PLIMSTEX (protein ligand interactions by mass spectrometry, titration, and H/D exchange) to determine protein/ligand affinities in solution, to determine self-association equilibrium constants for proteins, and to apply them to various insulin analogs. We term this adaptation SIMSTEX (self-association interactions using mass spectrometry, self-titration and H/D exchange); it gives affinity constants that compare well with the literature results. The results from SIMSTEX show that some mutants (e.g., GlnB13) have an increased tendency to self-associate, possibly slowing down their action in vivo. Other mutants (e.g., lispro and AspB9) have lower propensities for self-association, thus providing potentially faster-acting analogs for use in controlling diabetes.
Journal Article
Evidence shows that epidural steroid is effective in sciatica
In his editorial on treating sciatica in the face of poor evidence, Chou seems not to have heard of epidural injections with steroid. 1 There is plenty of evidence of the efficacy of this treatment in sciatica, 2 so it is wrong for an editorial to suggest otherwise. (13 February.) 2 Bush K, Hillier S. A controlled trial of caudal epidural injections of triamcinolone plus procaine in the management of intractable sciatica.
Journal Article
eponym dictionary of reptiles
Who was Richard Kemp, after whom the Kemp's ridley sea turtle is named? Is Wake's Gecko named after Berkeley's Marvalee Wake? Or perhaps her husband, David? Why do so many snakes and lizards have Werner in their name? This reference book answers these and thousands of other questions about the origins of the vernacular and scientific names of reptiles across the globe.
From Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti, the Florida cottonmouth subspecies named for Roger Conant, to Xantusia, the night lizard genera namesake of John Xantus, this dictionary covers everyone after whom an extant or recently extinct reptile has been named. The entries include a brief bio-sketch, a list of the reptiles that bear the individual's name, the names of reptiles erroneously thought to be associated with the person, and a summary of major—and sometimes obscure or even incidental—contributions made by the person to herpetology and zoology. An introductory chapter explains how to use the book and describes the process of naming taxa. Easy to use and filled with addictive—and highly useful—information about the people whose names will be carried into the future on the backs of the world's reptiles, The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles is a handy and fun book for professional and amateur herpetologists alike.
eBook
Investigations into Stroke and the Cholinergic Neuromodulatory System
Neuromodulatory systems, such as the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF), are promising targets of behavioral neuroscientific research because of the clear role(s) they play in fundamental neural and behavioral plasticity processes. Previous research suggests that the CBF is a promising target for augmenting post-stroke behavioral rehabilitation. Several studies were conducted to establish a novel paradigm for investigating and ameliorating post-stroke related motor deficits in a rodent model. The first two studies describe the invention and validation of a novel apparatus for conducting individualized rodent research in an environmentally and socially enriched context. The second study specifically investigated how this approach yields novel insights into post-stroke motor deficits. The third study describes how electrical stimulation of the CBF may improve post-stroke motor rehabilitation. Together, these studies are expected to improve current stroke models, our understanding of how the CBF supports fundamental learning processes, and how to best manipulate the CBF to improve recovery from neurological injury.
Dissertation