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"Gribbons, Anne"
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We were contenders
Everyone showed up on time while we were preparing at Gladstone the US Equestrian Team Foundation's training headquarters in New Jersey, everyone followed the program I devised, everyone was supportive and everyone had fun. After one of our riders finished warming up, the whole team descended on the horse like a pit crew at the Indianapolis 500.
Magazine Article
Give Children a Chance
Gribbons argues that dressage should be made more appealing and accessible to the youngsters who could be tommorrow's Olympians. Children need places where they can compete and be made a big deal of while riding not warmbloods, but the Welshes, Arabs, Connemaras, and crossbreds that suit them and their ability.
Magazine Article
Insular cortex mediates approach and avoidance responses to social affective stimuli
Social animals detect the affective states of conspecifics and utilize this information to orchestrate social interactions. In a social affective preference text in which experimental adult male rats could interact with either naive or stressed conspecifics, the experimental rats either approached or avoided the stressed conspecific, depending upon the age of the conspecific. Specifically, experimental rats approached stressed juveniles but avoided stressed adults. Inhibition of insular cortex, which is implicated in social cognition, and blockade of insular oxytocin receptors disrupted the social affective behaviors. Oxytocin application increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute insular cortex slices, and insular oxytocin administration recapitulated the behaviors observed toward stressed conspecifics. Network analysis of c-Fos immunoreactivity in 29 regions identified functional connectivity between insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and the social decision-making network. These results implicate insular cortex as a key component in the circuit underlying age-dependent social responses to stressed conspecifics.
Journal Article
Insular Cortex Mediates Approach And Avoidance Responses To Social Affective Stimuli
Social animals detect the affective states of others and utilize this information to orchestrate appropriate social interactions. Social affective behaviors include avoiding sick individuals, reproductive acts, and cooperative behaviors. In a social affective behavioral test in which experimental adult rats were given the choice to interact with either na ve or distressed conspecifics, the experimental rats demonstrated both approach and avoidant social affective behaviors depending upon the age of the conspecific; experimental adult rats approached the distressed juvenile but avoided the stressed adult. Optogenetic inhibition of the insular cortex, a region implicated in social cognition, disrupted these social affective behaviors. Receptors for the social nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) are found in high density within the insular cortex and oxytocin increased intrinsic excitability and synaptic efficacy in acute insular cortex slices. Insular blockade of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) eliminated the social affective behaviors, while direct administration of OT to insular cortex recapitulated the behaviors typically observed in response to distressed conspecifics. These results implicate the insular cortex as a novel target of OT and a critical circuit component underlying the detection and use of social affective cues to coordinate species-specific social behaviors to others in distress.
Paper