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"Griep, Mark"
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Lithium-protective hybrid lithium-air batteries with CFx, MoS2, and WS2 composite electrodes
Numerous studies have addressed the commercial viability of lithium–air batteries (LABs). However, the high reactivity of Li with air moisture and CO
2
has hindered the broad applicability of LABs. In this study, lithium-protective hybrid lithium–air batteries (HLABs) were fabricated with Super P (SP) and composites of fluorinated carbon (CF
x
), MoS
2
, and WS
2
as the cathodes. Subsequently, their potential use as a power source for the next generation of defense technologies was investigated. It was observed that a single cell HLAB with the SP-CF
x
composite cathode exhibited a specific capacity of 893 mAhg
−1
cathode
. In comparison, a Tomcell with the SP cathode demonstrated a specific capacity of 465 mAhg
−1
cathode
when discharged. The cells with SP-MoS
2
and SP-WS
2
cathode yielded specific capacities of 357 and 386 mAhg
−1
cathode
, respectively. The improved performance of the SP-CF
x
cell can be attributed to synergistic effects of lithium–air cell and lithium battery reactions between CF
x
and SP. To assess all functionalities of the SP-CF
x
HLAB, lithium-protective HLABs were fabricated and discharged in air. To operate the lithium–air battery in air, pure lithium metal was sealed with solid electrodes (lithium-ion conducting glass–ceramics (LICGC)) and a buffer electrolyte (1 M LiFTSI in TEGDME) was applied. The SP-CF
x
cell was discharged for 25 days in air, greatly exceeding the 72 h requirement for the next-generation soldier power systems. These results demonstrate significant potential for HLABs to be used as a pioneering power source in next-generation energy-independent tactical defense units.
Journal Article
Amino-acid conjugated protein-Au nanoclusters with tuneable fluorescence properties
Au-based protein nanoclusters (PNCs) represent an emerging class of fluorescence probes that are inherently biocompatible and combine the functionality of proteins and optical properties of Au nanoclusters. Here we report on a methodology to create conjugated Au PNCs using amino acid coupling strategies from a series of common laboratory proteins. We discover that the host protein and the specific conjugation chemistry has a profound influence on the resulting fluorescence properties. Synchrotron analyses showcase local Au NC aggeration upon PNC conjugation, which causes local environment changes to invoke differences in fluorscence properties. The observed aggeration does not give rise to plasmonic properties nor signifigant fluorescence quenching, strongly indicating the PNCs are still in a near-native cluster state. Our methodology and findings here could open new pathways for tuning PNC fluorescence properties in a rational fashion, having a potential impact in host of biomedical and sensing applications.
Journal Article
The Sharing Cycle of Science Learning: Connecting Community Topics to Tribal College Lab Courses
\"3 This underrepresentation is troubling because the fastestgrowing occupations for the past half century in the United States have been dependent upon knowledge of science and mathematics.4 In addition, changes in federal policy are slowly allowing self-governance of American Indian reservations, which has stimulated the need for better trained individuals to assist in managing tribal affairs.5 Tribal College Mission and Nebraska's Tribal Colleges The American Indian Higher Education Consortium (aihec) and the Tribal College and University (tcu) system were created in 1973 and just celebrated their fortieth anniversary.6 There are now thirty-seven tcus (Fig. 1) serving about 20,000 students and providing services to an additional 46,000 community members. Banks and colleagues coined the phrase \"Life-Long, Life-Wide, and Life-Deep\" to encapsulate the notion that most learning takes place throughout our lives, in formal and informal environments, and in ways that are acceptable to our local community (i.e., connected to religious, moral, ethical, and social values).10 These Life Learning ideas arise from the realization that a small percentage of people's lives are spent in structured, formal learning environments (18.5 percent for Grades 1-12; 9.7 percent for undergraduates; 5.1 percent for graduates; and occasionally as adults).\\n This should help us meet our goal of more than six students enrolled in chemistry at both colleges by the fourth year of the program.
Journal Article
Reaction! : chemistry in the movies
ReAction! Chemistry in the Movies gives a scientist's and artist's response to the dark and bright sides of chemistry found in 140 films, most of them contemporary Hollywood feature films but also from a few others. This book explores the two movie faces of this supposedly neutral science.
eBook
Nanotechnology solutions for the climate crisis
Climate change is one of humankind’s biggest challenges, leading to more frequent and intense climate extremes, including heatwaves, wildfires, hurricanes, ocean acidification, and increased extinction rates. Nanotechnology already plays an important role in decarbonizing critical processes. Still, despite the technical advances seen in the last decades, the International Energy Agency has identified many sectors that are not on track to achieve the global climate mitigation goals by 2030. Here, a multi-stakeholder group of nanoscientists from the public, private, and philanthropic sectors discuss four high-potential application spaces where nanotechnologies could accelerate progress: batteries and energy storage; catalysis; coatings, lubricants, membranes, and other interface technology; and capture of greenhouse gases. This Comment highlights opportunities and current gaps for those working to minimize the climate crisis and provides a framework for the nanotechnology community to answer the call to action on this global issue.
Journal Article
The cytolethal distending toxin B sub-unit of Helicobacter hepaticus is a Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent neutral nuclease
abstract
The cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) of the mouse pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus has cation binding and DNA catalysis residues in common with members of the mammalian deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) family. The purpose of the present study was to characterize CdtB nuclease. To establish optimal digestion conditions and to evaluate co-factor requirements, a novel and sensitive fluorometric assay that quantitatively determines double stranded DNA digestion was developed. Although the Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependence and neutral properties of CdtB were similar to DNase I, hydrolysis of DNA by CdtB was approximately 100-fold less active than DNase I and was considerably more resistant to inhibition by ZnCl2 and G-actin.
Journal Article
West point and beyond
The spirit of discovery and sense of determination infusing West Point graduates reach beyond land and sea and into space through the likes of Frank Borman (commander of the first team of American astronauts to circle the moon), Buzz Aldrin (the second person to walk on the moon), and William McArthur (commander of the International Space Station). [...]Mike Krzyzewski, men's basketball head coach at Duke University for more than three decades now (after a stint at his alma mater for five years), has won four national championships for the Blue Devils. The USMA is redoubling its commitment to international studies. [...]the influence on engineering and leadership abroad should only increase.
Journal Article
Evidence of faith or not
[...]in a 2012 survey about federal agencies conducted by George Mason University, Americans perceive NASA as \"conducting the most scientific research\" and \"as the most credible.
Journal Article