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Background Self‐harm and suicide related behaviours are increasing in young people, and clinical support is not adequately meeting needs. Improved approaches to assessment and the clinical management of self‐harm will result from codesign processes and include greater shared decision‐making between young people and practitioners. The CaTS‐App (an adapted digital version of the existing Card‐Sort Task for Self‐harm research tool) aims to facilitate a collaborative understanding of adolescent self‐harm and support decision‐making within clinical settings. The codevelopment of a digital, clinical tool which meets the needs of multiple stakeholders requires careful consideration. Methods We present a case‐study describing the participatory aspects of the development of the CaTS‐App, which included comprehensive patient involvement, research activities and coproduction with diverse young people aged 17–24 with lived experience of self‐harm. We share our processes and activities to deliver safe, engaging, sustainable, ethical and responsible participatory practice and co‐created knowledge, in the codevelopment of the CaTS‐App. Results Activities spanned a 48‐month period in both face‐to‐face and online settings. Example processes and activities are provided in narrative, tabular and diagrammatic form, alongside discussion of the rationale for choices made. A summary methodology is also shared to stimulate continued discussion and development of participatory approaches in digital mental health. Conclusions The paper contributes important insight and practical detail for the delivery of genuine participatory processes in digital mental health development when working with a population who may be considered vulnerable. We discuss a case‐study and working methodology for meaningful, safe and responsible involvement in the early Planning and Discovery phase of the development of a novel assessment and intervention app for self‐harm—the CaTS‐App This paper contributes to important discussions about the process and value of centering and evaluating participatory processes in the development of digital mental health interventions for self‐harm.

DUBBO residents gathered at the Amaroo Hotel to support Bec Schofield's family and her legacy. Bec was an ordinary woman who did extraordinary things working with many youths within the...

1. The paradigm-changing opportunities of biologging sensors for ecological research , especially movement ecology, are vast, but the crucial questions of how best to match the most appropriate sensors and sensor combinations to specific biological questions and how to analyse complex biologging data, are mostly ignored. 2. Here, we fill this gap by reviewing how to optimize the use of biologging techniques to answer questions in movement ecology and synthesize this into an Integrated Biologging Framework (IBF). 3. We highlight that multisensor approaches are a new frontier in biologging, while identifying current limitations and avenues for future development in sensor technology. 4. We focus on the importance of efficient data exploration, and more advanced multidimensional visualization methods, combined with appropriate archiving and sharing approaches, to tackle the big data issues presented by biologging. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in matching the peculiarities of specific sensor data to the statistical models used, highlighting at the same time the large advances which will be required in the latter to properly analyse biologging data.

Iron (Fe) plays a key role in elemental cycling at terrestrial–aquatic interfaces by stabilizing carbon (C), phosphorus (P), and nutrient cations through physicochemical associations and by potentially releasing these elements following the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). However, the ecosystem-scale importance of Fe redox cycling and its responses to climate change remain unclear in precipitation-fed peatlands (bogs), C-rich wetlands with very low mineral content. We tested impacts of Fe redox cycling on C and nutrient release in two bogs in northern Minnesota and in Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE), an ecosystem-scale warming experiment. Concentrations of Fe(III) declined from the peat surface to 50 cm depth (31 to 0.5 µmol g−1) and co-occurred with Fe(II) (10 to 30 µmol g−1). Chemical reduction of Fe(III) released C and P from variably saturated (0–30 cm) peat (106–1006 µmol C g−1; 0.6–5 µmol P g−1), and Fe-bound C was similar to previous measurements from upland mineral soils. Concentrations of Fe(II) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were strongly (R2 = 0.56–0.78) and positively correlated in water samples measured at SPRUCE enclosure outlets and ambient near-surface porewater. Concentrations of Fe(II) also correlated positively with P at warmer SPRUCE temperature treatments and increased with experimental warming, but stabilized at the highest temperature treatments as water depth declined. Although bogs have low total mineral content, mass balance measurements indicated that atmospheric deposition could in principle sustain significant Fe cycling and hydrologic losses in these ecosystems. Overall, Fe redox cycling significantly impacted C and nutrient dynamics in these mineral-poor bogs, contributing to strong correlations between Fe(II) and DOC in water samples. Increased Fe(III) reduction with warmer temperatures will likely promote peatland C and nutrient release, impacting ecosystem C budgets both directly and indirectly by enhancing decomposition and productivity.

Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) is an evolutionarily conserved secreted glycoprotein which controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). TWSG1 binds BMPs and their antagonist Chordin to control BMP signaling during embryonic development, kidney regeneration and cancer. We report crystal structures of TWSG1 alone and in complex with a BMP ligand, Growth Differentiation Factor 5. TWSG1 is composed of two distinct, disulfide-rich domains. The TWSG1 N-terminal domain occupies the BMP type 1 receptor binding site on BMPs, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to a Chordin family member. We show that TWSG1 inhibits BMP function in cellular signaling assays and mouse colon organoids. This inhibitory function is abolished in a TWSG1 mutant that cannot bind BMPs. The same mutation in the Drosophila TWSG1 ortholog Tsg fails to mediate BMP gradient formation required for dorsal-ventral axis patterning of the early embryo. Our studies reveal the evolutionarily conserved mechanism of BMP signaling inhibition by TWSG1. Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) controls signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) during embryogenesis and cancer. Here, author report crystal structures of TWSG1 in complex with a BMP ligand and show how TWSG1 inhibits signaling in cells and in vivo.

Increasing extreme climatic events threaten the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems 1 , 2 . Because soil microbes govern key biogeochemical processes, understanding their response to climate extremes is crucial in predicting the consequences for ecosystem functioning 3 , 4 . Here we subjected soils from 30 grasslands across Europe to four contrasting extreme climatic events under common controlled conditions (drought, flood, freezing and heat), and compared the response of soil microbial communities and their functioning with those of undisturbed soils. Soil microbiomes exhibited a small, but highly consistent and phylogenetically conserved, response under the imposed extreme events. Heat treatment most strongly impacted soil microbiomes, enhancing dormancy and sporulation genes and decreasing metabolic versatility. Microbiome response to heat in particular could be predicted by local climatic conditions and soil properties, with soils that do not normally experience the extreme conditions being imposed being most vulnerable. Our results suggest that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events, but that predicting the extent of community change may require knowledge of the local microbiome. These findings advance our understanding of soil microbial responses to extreme events, and provide a first step for making general predictions about the impact of extreme climatic events on soil functioning. Soils from 30 grasslands across Europe were subjected to 4 contrasting extreme climatic events under drought, flood, freezing and heat conditions, with the results suggesting that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events.

Warming is expected to increase the net release of carbon from peatland soils, contributing to future warming. This positive feedback may be moderated by the response of peatland vegetation to rising atmospheric [CO2] or to increased soil nutrient availability. We asked whether a gradient of whole-ecosystem warming (from + 0 °C to + 9 °C) would increase plant-available nitrogen and phosphorus in an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota, USA, and whether elevated [CO2] would modify the nutrient response. We tracked changes in plant-available nutrients across space and through time and in comparison with other nutrient pools, and assessed whether nutrient warming responses were captured by a point version of the land-surface model, ELM-SPRUCE. We found that warming exponentially increased plant-available ammonium and phosphate, but that nutrient dynamics were unaffected by elevated [CO2]. The warming response increased by an order of magnitude between the first and fourth year of the experimental manipulation, perhaps because of dramatic mortality of Sphagnum mosses in the surface peat of the warmest treatments. However, neither the magnitude nor the temporal dynamics of the responses were captured by ELM-SPRUCE. Relative increases in plant-available ammonium and phosphate with warming were similar, but the response varied across raised hummocks and depressed hollows and with peat depth. Plant-available nutrient dynamics were only loosely correlated with inorganic and organic porewater nutrients, likely representing different processes. Future predictions of peatland nutrient availability under climate change scenarios must account for dynamic changes in nutrient acquisition by plants and microbes, as well as microtopography and peat depth.

Background Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with elevated all-cause mortality, with suicide cited as the second leading cause of death among individuals with EDs. Evidence suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa are 18 times, and those with bulimia nervosa seven times more likely to die by suicide, relative to gender- and age-matched comparison groups. Limited research has focused on why people with EDs experience such high rates of suicidality. The study aims to gather perspectives from people with lived experience of an ED and clinicians working with EDs to understand suicidality among people with EDs. Methods Using a qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured interviews with people with lived experience of an ED ( n  = 30), and clinicians who work with people with EDs ( n  = 19). Participants with lived experience presented with a range of EDs. Clinicians worked across a range of service settings as well as adolescent and adult services. We used a multi-perspective reflexive thematic analysis to code the data and generate the themes. Results Key themes identified include ‘no way out’: the unique role of eating disorders in suicidality across illness and recovery, the outsider experience: feeling unseen, misunderstood, and burdensome, sparks of hope: protective Factors against suicidality, and ‘they only see weight’: how gaps in ED care reinforce isolation and risk. These findings underscore the complex and multifaceted reasons why people with EDs are at risk of suicide, acknowledging the unique risk factors associated with the illness itself as well as the various risk periods that affect those with EDs. Conclusions The results are novel and illuminate psychological processes that are not currently incorporated within existing theoretical models of suicide, indicating that prevailing frameworks may lack the specificity or sensitivity required to account for the distinctive experiences of individuals with EDs. Consequently, these findings provide preliminary evidence to inform the development of a more nuanced theoretical model of suicidality specific to this population. Moreover, they suggest potential targets for intervention and highlight the need to critically evaluate treatment approaches that prioritise rapid symptom remission, which may, at times, exceed individuals’ psychological capacity to cope.

Aviation’s sustainability discourse often centres on flight emissions, but production and end-of-life phases also carry material, energy, and pollution impacts that are large enough to merit systematic intervention. With ~13,000 aircraft projected to retire over the next two decades—roughly 44% of the global fleet—the sector must scale responsible dismantling and material recovery to avoid lost opportunities for meeting future sustainability goals and to harness economic value from secondary parts and recycled feedstocks. Embedding major sustainability and circular economy principles into aircraft design, operations, and retirement can reduce waste, conserve critical materials, and lower lifecycle emissions while contributing directly to multiple SDGs. Furthermore, when considering particular aircraft types, thousands of narrow-body aircraft such as the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 are due to reach their end of life over the next two decades. This research evaluates the economic and environmental feasibility of aluminium recycling from these aircraft, integrating material flow analysis, cost–benefit modelling, and a lifecycle emissions assessment. An economic assessment framework is developed and applied, with the results showing that approximately 24.7 tonnes of aluminium can be recovered per aircraft, leading to emissions savings of over 338,000 kg of CO2e, a 95% reduction compared to primary aluminium production. However, scrap value alone cannot offset dismantling costs; the break-even scrap price is over USD 4200 per tonne. When additional revenue streams such as component resale and carbon credit incentives are incorporated, the model predicts a net profit of over USD 59,000 per aircraft. The scenario analysis confirms that aluminium recycling only becomes financially viable through multi-stream revenue models, supported by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and carbon pricing. While barriers remain, aluminium recovery is a strategic opportunity to align aviation with circular economy and decarbonisation goals.

Nurses report inadequacies in health promotion practices. This study investigated attitudes toward being role models for healthy eating, and examined predictors of health promotion attitudes in preregistered nurses. A questionnaire was completed by 493 preregistered nurses. Measures included health promotion attitudes, healthy lifestyle index, self-esteem, and body satisfaction. Preregistered nurses (89.5%) felt that nurses should be role models for health. However, 37% had a negative health promotion attitude and were more likely to be dissatisfied with their body and lead less healthy lifestyles. Most preregistered nurses (96%) felt that delivering health promotion would be a key element of their job and held positive health promotion attitudes. Healthy lifestyle was the most consistent significant predictor of health promotion attitude. Preregistered nurses with an unhealthy lifestyle and lower self-esteem held a more negative health promotion attitude. Intervention is needed to support preregistered nurses in making healthy lifestyle choices, improving their self-perception and health promotion attitude. [J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(2):94-103.].