Explore the vast range of titles available.

Structural changes in the “sodium salt of di-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinic acid (AOT) - n-heptane-water” liquid-crystalline system depending on the AOT concentration in the n-heptane-water mixed solvent were studied using the X-ray diffraction method. The studies were carried out in a wide range of the AOT concentrations from 27 to 92% in a mixed solvent n-heptane/water=5.8 ratio.The mesomorphism of a liquid-crystalline system is on the concentration of the system. It is confirmed that at concentrations the AOT above 50%, a liquid crystal structure with an intradomain \"flat\" liquid crystal layered phase takes place. A “flat” lamellar lyotropic-liquid-crystalline phase with an intradomain lamellar structure is formed in the system. The structural parameters, the compactness of the liquid crystal system, the thickness of the formed layers, the surface area per molecular head on the surface of the layers depending on the concentration and thickness of the bound water layer are revealed. The liquid crystal system under study can serve as a model for studying various problems of biological membranes.

In this paper by a local group of the semigroup C *-algebra generated by the free product of Abelian semigroups is considered. The simplest of these algebras is the Cuntz–Toeplitz algebra . For such algebras, an abstract version of the Fourier series by the local group is constructed. A number of properties of the “harmonics” of this series are given.

Despite intensive treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, over 70% of patients with metastatic Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors (EFT) will die of their disease. We hypothesize that properly characterized laboratory models reflecting the drug resistance of clinical tumors will facilitate the application of new therapeutic agents to EFT. To determine resistance patterns, we studied newly established EFT cell lines derived from different points in therapy: two established at diagnosis (CHLA-9, CHLA-32), two after chemotherapy and progressive disease (CHLA-10, CHLA-25), and two at relapse after myeloablative therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (post-ABMT) (CHLA-258, COG-E-352). The new lines were compared to widely studied EFT lines TC-71, TC-32, SK-N-MC, and A-673. These lines were extensively characterized with regard to identity (short tandem repeat (STR) analysis), p53, p16/14 status, and EWS/ETS breakpoint and target gene expression profile. The DIMSCAN cytotoxicity assay was used to assess in vitro drug sensitivity to standard chemotherapy agents. No association was found between drug resistance and the expression of EWS/ETS regulated genes in the EFT cell lines. No consistent association was observed between drug sensitivity and p53 functionality or between drug sensitivity and p16/14 functionality across the cell lines. Exposure to chemotherapy prior to cell line initiation correlated with drug resistance of EFT cell lines in 5/8 tested agents at clinically achievable concentrations (CAC) or the lower tested concentration (LTC): (cyclophosphamide (as 4-HC) and doxorubicin at CAC, etoposide, irinotecan (as SN-38) and melphalan at LTC; P<0.1 for one agent, and P<0.05 for four agents. This panel of well-characterized drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines will facilitate in vitro preclinical testing of new agents for EFT.

Approximately 25 strains of lactobacilli isolated from different dairy products and fermented vegetables were screened according to their possibility to show the high auto-aggregation and co-aggregation. The strains Lactobacillus helveticus INRA-2010-H11, Lactobacillus rhamnosus INA-5.1, and Lactobacillus acidophilus JM-2012 were determined to have the high auto-aggregation (approximately 73, 46, and 70.5% correspondingly). A high co-aggregation capacity (75.53%) for strains INRA-2010-H11 and JM-2012 was shown. The adhesion degree of INRA-2010-H11 on the surface of buccal epithelial cells was 88.23%. The study of INRA-2010-H11, JM-2012, and both strains’ mixture (1:1) adhesion capacity on the surface of epithelial HeLa cells revealed the adhesion of 1.1 × 10 6 , 6.3 × 10 4 , and 2.3 × 10 5 CFU, respectively, from starter amount of CFU 10 7 and 10 8 for both strains. In vivo experiments of LAB adhesion in gastrointestinal tract of mouse revealed the presence of 2.5 × 10 9 , 1.2 × 10 9 , and 1.5 × 10 9 CFU of LAB in control and groups of mouse, fed by INRA-2010-H11 and mixture, respectively. Feeding by investigated lactobacilli was suggested to lead to microbiota biodiversity reduction in small intestine and colon and its augmentation in stomach. Thus, INRA-2010-H11 demonstrated a high aggregation and adhesion activity so it has the potential as a good probiotic strain.

A novel frequency-doubling optoelectronic-oscillator technique utilising the wavelength dependence of the half-wave voltage of a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator is presented. Two wavelengths (1310 and 1550nm) corresponding to the quadrature and null-transmission bias settings are used to pump the oscillator and to simultaneously generate self-starting 10 and 20GHz signals with low-phase-noise properties.

Many ultrafast structural phenomena in solids at high fluences are related to the hardening or softening of particular lattice vibrations at lower fluences. In this paper we relate femtosecond-laser-induced phonon frequency changes to changes in the electronic density of states, which need to be evaluated only in the electronic ground state, following phonon displacement patterns. We illustrate this relationship for a particular lattice vibration of magnesium, for which we-surprisingly-find that there is both softening and hardening as a function of the femtosecond-laser fluence. Using our theory, we explain these behaviours as arising from Van Hove singularities: We show that at low excitation densities Van Hove singularities near the Fermi level dominate the change of the phonon frequency while at higher excitations Van Hove singularities that are further away in energy also become important. We expect that our theory can as well shed light on the effects of laser excitation of other materials.

One hundred patients with ischemic heart disease and 70 healthy subjects were on unified regimen. Urine was collected with 4-h proportions during 3–5 days (72–120 h). Each portion of urine was analyzed for macro- (Na, K, P, Cl, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, V). Temporal structure (biological and hydrometeorological indices) parameters have been estimated by nonlinear least squares method for sinusoidal rhythms and dispersion analysis for nonsinusoidal rhythms. Data of weather indices were received from the hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Armenia in 2015 at 3-h intervals. Statistically significant rhythms were observed in healthy subjects in 91% cases of 593 rhythmological investigations of water-mineral homeostasis. Acrophases of water-mineral homeostasis mostly had individual nature. Healthy subjects’ rhythms of water-mineral excretion were depending on rhythms of hydrometeorological indices and were characterized with significant correlative connections. Acrophases of indices of water-mineral homeostasis mostly were outstripping the acrophases of the rhythms of hydrometeorological indices. Chronostructure of water-mineral homeostasis in patients with ischemic heart disease was characterized with infradian and circadian fluctuations. In case of individuals with ischemic heart disease, statistically significant correlative connections between rhythms of water-mineral excretion and rhythms of hydrometeorological indices differ in comparison with the results of practically healthy individuals. In patients with ischemic heart disease, acrophases of biorhythms often were concurrent or delayed relative to the acrophases of the rhythms of hydrometeorological indices.

The effect of a millimeter-wave range of electromagnetic waves (MM EMW) on methyl or crystal violet interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied using UV-denaturation, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CD spectroscopy methods. It was revealed that MM EMW irradiation results in the weakening of the stability of HSA and decreases the interaction force between HSA and methyl violet (MV). It was also shown that MM EMW irradiation by non-resonant frequency of the water affects the structure of HSA immediately, and changes its secondary structure, while the irradiation by water-resonant frequency does not invoke structural changes, but weakens the stability to a higher degree.

Doped (Ag + Fe) zinc targets were obtained: Zn/Ag/Fe (Zn96, Ag2, Fe 2%; Zn94, Ag2, Fe 4%; and Zn90, Ag2, Fe 8%). ZnO/Ag/Fe films with n - and p - type conductivity were obtained on glass substrates at room temperature using the method of DC-magnetron sputtering of Zn/Ag/Fe targets in a gas mixture of Ar : O 2 , in a vacuum of about 0.666 Pa. The structural, electrophysical, optical, and morphological characteristics of the obtained films were studied. The research was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and Hall measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the ZnO/Ag/Fe films with n - and p -type conductivity showed characteristic reflections of interplanar distances on glass substrates along the crystallographic directions 100, 002, and 101. The transmittance of these films is about 85–95% in the wavelength range of 400–930 nm. The ZnO/Ag/Fe films with p -type conductivity have a concentration of free carriers on the order of 10 18 cm –3 . The ZnO/Ag/Fe films obtained at room temperature of the substrate can be used in the development of functional optoelectronic devices.

The interaction of nutritional preservative and dye erythrosine B with bovine serum albumin (BSA) under the influence of millimeter range electromagnetic waves (MM EMW) with frequencies 41.8 and 51.8 GHz has been studied by the UV-denaturation and spectroscopic methods (absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD)). We show that the irradiation by MM EMW with the frequency 51.8 GHz stabilizes the complex BSA-erythrosine B. At the same time, denaturation parameters of the complex at the irradiation of BSA solution with the frequency 41.8 GHz do not differ from those obtained for non-irradiated samples within the limits of experimental error. We also show that under the influence of the irradiation by 51.8 GHz frequency there is no conformational change of BSA. However, a change in the protein conformation takes place in the case of the complex BSA-erythrosine B. In addition, the complex-formation process is thermodynamically beneficial and implemented because of the additional hydrogen bonds and van-der-Waals interaction between BSA and erythrosine B under the influence of MM EMW.