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This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentations and effects of progressive and regressive outcomes of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection on the life expectancy of cats. In total, 176 cats were selected: 116 with progressive infection (FeLV + P), 30 with regressive infection (FeLV + R), and 30 FeLV-negative cats (Control). The cats underwent testing using ELISA to detect the FeLV p27 antigen and nested polymerase chain reaction to identify U3-LTR region and gag proviral DNA. The cats were clinically monitored until their death or for a period ranging 12–54 months. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression. The median survival time following FeLV diagnosis was 30 days for the FeLV + P group. The median survival time was not reached for the other groups. The cats’ health status (sick) at the time of inclusion in the study and the progression status of the FeLV infection led to a 4–5-fold increase in the Hazard Ratio (HR) for death in the general population. The primary causes of death among cats in the FeLV + P group were lymphoma, leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. In the FeLV + R group, the causes of death included leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. Progressive FeLV infection reduced life expectancy, whereas regressive FeLV infection had no direct impact on the survival curve.

Scrapie is a contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by prions (PrPSc). This study described an outbreak of Scrapie in sheep in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. An 1-year and 3-month-old sheep developed clinical signs characterized by motor incoordination of the pelvic limbs, pruritus and alopecia for three days. The 38 sheep from the flock that were over 1 year of age underwent biopsies of the third eyelid and rectal mucosa, in addition to anti-PrPsc immunohistochemistry (IHC). Blood containing EDTA was collected for PRNP gene genotyping from these sheep. Of the 38, 16 (42.10%) had immunostaining againstPrPSc. IHC-positive animals were euthanized and necropsied, as well as lambs from positive mothers. Different organs of the 19 necropsied animals were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological examination and anti-PrPSc IHC of the obex. The histopathology of the obex of the female with neurological signs presented discrete multifocal vacuolization of the cytoplasm of neurons and neuropil. The anti-PrPSc IHC showed that two out of the 19 obex samples had cytoplasmic immunostaining in neurons. The genotypes reported were ARQ/ARQ in 47.36%, ARR/ARQ in 36.84%, ARQ/VRQ in 10.52% and ARQ/VRR in 5.28%. The genotyping helps to identify susceptible animals and select animals more resistant to the development of Scrapie. The anti-PrPSc IHC from lymphoid biopsies, and genotyping demonstrated the high number of positive sheep classified in susceptible group. RESUMO: Scrapie é uma doença contagiosa de ovinos e caprinos causada por príons (PrPSc). O objetivo desse estudo é descrever um surto de Scrapie em ovinos no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Uma ovelha de 1 ano e 3 meses desenvolveu sinais clínicos caracterizados por incoordenação motora dos membros pélvicos, prurido e alopecia durante três dias. Os 38 ovinos do rebanho que tinham idade acima de 1 ano foram submetidos a biópsias de terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal, além de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-PrPsc. Coletou-se sangue contendo EDTA para genotipagem do gene prnp destes ovinos. Dos 38 ovinos, 16 (42,10%) apresentaram imunomarcação na avaliação IHQ anti-PrPsc. Os animais positivos na IHQ foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, bem como os cordeiros das mães positivas. Diferentes órgãos dos 19 animais necropsiados foram coletados em formalina tamponada a 10% para exame histopatológico e IHQ anti-PrPsc do óbex. Na histopatologia do óbex da fêmea com sinal neurológico havia vacuolização do citoplasma de neurônios e neurópilo multifocal discreta. Na IHQ anti-PrPsc das 19 amostras de óbex, dois apresentaram imunomarcação citoplasmática em neurônios. Os genótipos encontrados foram ARQ/ARQ em 47,36%, ARR/ARQ em 36,84%, ARQ/VRQ em 10,52% e ARQ/VRR em 5,28%. A genotipagem auxilia a identificar os animais susceptíveis e seleciona animais mais resistentes ao desenvolvimento do Scrapie. A IHQ anti-PrPsc de biópsias de tecidos linfoides e a genotipagem demonstram o elevado número de ovinos positivos classificados no grupo susceptível.

Scrapie é uma doença contagiosa de ovinos e caprinos causada por príons (PrPSc). O objetivo desse estudo é descrever um surto de Scrapie em ovinos no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Uma ovelha de 1 ano e 3 meses desenvolveu sinais clínicos caracterizados por incoordenação motora dos membros pélvicos, prurido e alopecia durante três dias. Os 38 ovinos do rebanho que tinham idade acima de 1 ano foram submetidos a biópsias de terceira pálpebra e mucosa retal, além de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-PrPsc. Coletou-se sangue contendo EDTA para genotipagem do gene prnp destes ovinos. Dos 38 ovinos, 16 (42,10%) apresentaram imunomarcação na avaliação IHQ anti-PrPsc. Os animais positivos na IHQ foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, bem como os cordeiros das mães positivas. Diferentes órgãos dos 19 animais necropsiados foram coletados em formalina tamponada a 10% para exame histopatológico e IHQ anti-PrPsc do óbex. Na histopatologia do óbex da fêmea com sinal neurológico havia vacuolização do citoplasma de neurônios e neurópilo multifocal discreta. Na IHQ anti-PrPsc das 19 amostras de óbex, dois apresentaram imunomarcação citoplasmática em neurônios. Os genótipos encontrados foram ARQ/ARQ em 47,36%, ARR/ARQ em 36,84%, ARQ/VRQ em 10,52% e ARQ/VRR em 5,28%. A genotipagem auxilia a identificar os animais susceptíveis e seleciona animais mais resistentes ao desenvolvimento do Scrapie. A IHQ anti-PrPsc de biópsias de tecidos linfoides e a genotipagem demonstram o elevado número de ovinos positivos classificados no grupo susceptível.

This study aimed to characterize the clinical presentations and effects of progressive and regressive outcomes of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection on the life expectancy of cats. In total, 176 cats were selected: 116 with progressive infection (FeLV.sup.+ P), 30 with regressive infection (FeLV.sup.+ R), and 30 FeLV-negative cats (Control). The cats underwent testing using ELISA to detect the FeLV p27 antigen and nested polymerase chain reaction to identify U3-LTR region and gag proviral DNA. The cats were clinically monitored until their death or for a period ranging 12-54 months. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. The median survival time following FeLV diagnosis was 30 days for the FeLV.sup.+ P group. The median survival time was not reached for the other groups. The cats' health status (sick) at the time of inclusion in the study and the progression status of the FeLV infection led to a 4-5-fold increase in the Hazard Ratio (HR) for death in the general population. The primary causes of death among cats in the FeLV.sup.+ P group were lymphoma, leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. In the FeLV.sup.+ R group, the causes of death included leukemia, anemia, and other diseases. Progressive FeLV infection reduced life expectancy, whereas regressive FeLV infection had no direct impact on the survival curve.

Trypanosoma vivax is one of the main species responsible for animal African trypanosomiasis in West Africa and has a marked economic impact on livestock in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America endemic countries. In this work, T. vivax was demonstrated by immunohistochemical technique in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded in tissues of experimentally infected sheep using polyclonal antibodies produced against formalin-fixed trypomastigotes. T. vivax was observed within multiple small and medium-size vessels from multiple organs, including the liver and kidneys. The immunostaining was evidenced in an intense cherry red. This is the first immunohistochemical experiment that shows T. vivax in fixed tissues. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.