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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid metabolite associated with cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and regulation of tumor angiogenesis in various cellular and animal models. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) and S1P lyase are the main enzymes that respectively control the synthesis and degradation of S1P. The present study analyzed the prognostic and predictive value of SphK1 and S1P lyase expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), treated with either surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant carboplatin and navelbine. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 176 patients with NSCLC were stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against SphK1 and S1P lyase, and their expression was correlated with all available clinicopathological factors. Increased expression of SphK1 was significantly associated with shorter overall and disease free survival in patients treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. No prognostic relevance for S1P lyase expression was observed. Collectively, the results suggest that the immunohistochemical detection of SphK1 may be a promising predictive marker in NSCLC patients treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy.

WHENCE came the Druids! This is a question that has been frequently put of late years, and the answer has generally been-the east. This is, as regards the sense of the mere word and, quite true! though when the particular part of this quarter of the earth is asked for, a variety of opinions become manifest! Parsis, India, and Ceylon, are respectively stated to be the original seat of Druidism; and the asserters of the Druids, in some instances, differ widely as to the nature of its principles, differ widely as to the nature of its principles.

THE members of the Druidic institution were the law-givers, poets, and architects of the nation; as an enumeration of their various duties will show. To the Derwydd, pl. Derwyddion, belonged the important offices of superintending the moral and religious education of the community, and public and private worship, in court, or palace, and in area (ynllys, acynllan).

THE Rev. E. Davies, says in his Celtic Researches, that \"Druidism, in its primitive and pure state, may be regarded as an edifice, raised upon the basis of the patriarchal religion, for the purpose of superseding the necessity of recourse to arms in the contentions of independent states.\" This opinion, however erroneous it may appear, compared with the accounts of Druidism in Roman writers, is still fully borne out, by the fact of its members being exempt from service in war, and also more particularly from their opinions, as far as they have been preserved in the Trials; look for example at the following Druidic, or Bardic, specimens; of which remains the Westminster Review has said, that they display a great knowledge of human nature:

THE Foreign Quarterly Review* asserts or considers the greater part of the Fairy Legends of Ireland to be of Saxon origin: it might, with equal propriety, have said the same of all. Is the Review, or the writer, prepared to declare the Irish, with their highly imaginative powers of relation, incapable of practising the art of invention?

I HAVE been at times amused on the appearance of articles in the Mirror, on \"Popular Antiquities,\" &c, by the attempts of the writers to discover the origin of the names of the places which they describe. The description of Carisbrook Castle, in No. 787, is a case in point; as the writer there says, \"some prefer a derivation from the Celtic Cair-broc, which signifies the town of yewtrees.