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Recent Advances on Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles for Detection of Small Molecules and Ions in Biosystems
Significant progress on upconversion‐nanoparticle (UCNP)‐based probes is witnessed in recent years. Compared with traditional fluorescent probes (e.g., organic dyes, metal complexes, or inorganic quantum dots), UCNPs have many advantages such as non‐autofluorescence, high chemical stability, large light‐penetration depth, long lifetime, and less damage to samples. This article focuses on recent achievements in the usage of lanthanide‐doped UCNPs as efficient probes for biodetection since 2014. The mechanisms of upconversion as well as the luminescence resonance energy transfer process is introduced first, followed by a detailed summary on the recent researches of UCNP‐based biodetections including the detection of inorganic ions, gas molecules, reactive oxygen species, and thiols and hydrogen sulfide. Due to the unique advantages that upconversion‐nanoparticle (UCNP)‐based probes have compared to traditional probes, such as non‐autofluorescence, large light penetration depth, and less damage to samples, research in this field has increased rapidly over recent years. Recent progress (since 2014) on the usage of lanthanide doped UCNPs as efficient probes for biodetection of inorganic ions, gas molecules, reactive oxygen species, and thiols is presented.
Journal Article
Measuring and Managing the Externality of Managerial Responses to Online Customer Reviews
Managerial responses to online customer reviews not only affect customers who receive the responses but may also influence subsequent customers who observe the responses. This externality arises because of the public nature of online interactions. However, prior studies were mainly in offline settings where such externality rarely exists. In this study, we assess the magnitude of such externality. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework and matched hotels across two large travel agencies, we find that managerial responses indeed have a significant and positive impact on the
volume
of subsequent customer reviews. The impact on the review
valence
is not evident, which can be attributed to the unique design of identity disclosure in our research context. Furthermore, our results suggest nuances that were not known in the prior literature. For example, responding to positive and negative reviews may have different effects on future reviews, and managers should provide detailed responses to negative reviews but brief ones to positive reviews. Our results offer managerial implications to service providers on how to improve customer engagement in the interconnected online environment.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0781
.
Journal Article
Sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism is shaped by androgen-driven gut microbiome
Males are generally more susceptible to impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D) than females. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we revealed that gut microbiome depletion abolished sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism. The transfer of male donor microbiota into antibiotics-treated female mice led the recipients to be more insulin resistant. Depleting androgen via castration changed the gut microbiome of male mice to be more similar to that of females and improved glucose metabolism, while reintroducing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reversed these alterations. More importantly, the effects of androgen on glucose metabolism were largely abolished when the gut microbiome was depleted. Next, we demonstrated that androgen modulated circulating glutamine and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio partially depending on the gut microbiome, and glutamine supplementation increases insulin sensitivity in vitro. Our study identifies the effects of androgen in deteriorating glucose homeostasis partially by modulating the gut microbiome and circulating glutamine and Gln/Glu ratio, thereby contributing to the difference in glucose metabolism between the two sexes.
Male sex is a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. Here the authors identify that androgen modulates the gut microbiome, which drives insulin resistance and contributes to sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism in mice.
Journal Article
When local governments’ stay-at-home orders meet the white house’s “opening up america again”
In the current polarized political climate, citizens frequently face conflicting directives from their local and federal government officials. For instance, on April 16 th , 2020, The White House launched the “Opening up America Again” (OuAA) campaign while many U.S. counties had stay-at-home orders. We created a panel data set of U.S. counties to study the impact of U.S. counties’ stay-at-home orders on community mobility before and after The White House’s campaign to reopen the country. Our results suggest that before the OuAA campaign, stay-at-home orders substantially decreased the time spent in retail and recreation businesses. However, after the launch of the OuAA campaign, the time spent at retail and recreational businesses in a typical conservative county increased significantly more than in liberal counties (23% increase in a typical conservative county vs. 9% increase in a typical liberal county). We also found that in conservative counties with stay-at-home orders, time spent at retail and recreational businesses increased less than in those without stay-at-home orders. These findings illuminate that when federal and local government policies are at odds, residents decide which policies to adhere to based on the alignment between their political ideology and the government body. Our findings highlight the substantial importance of each government body in forming citizens’ behaviors, offering practical implications for policy makers during natural disasters.
Journal Article
Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Published data on the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to more accurately assess its prognostic value. The analysis was performed based on the data from 14 studies with 3,656 patients to estimate the correlation between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the effect. We also conducted subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. The results demonstrated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.39–2.09) and PFS (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27–2.09) in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analysis indicated that cut-off value of 5 showed consistently prognostic value. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias for OS and PFS for included studies. This meta-analysis revealed that elevated pretreatment NLR might be a predicative factor of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients.
Journal Article
ARL9 is upregulated and serves as a biomarker for a poor prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma
Background
ARL9 is a newly identified member of the ARF family, and the clinical significance of ARL9 in colon adenocarcinoma is unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression of ARL9 mRNA in colon adenocarcinoma, and its effect on the prognosis of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
Methods
We investigated the differential expression of ARL9 between colon adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent tissues through a bioinformatics analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation between clinical characteristics and the mRNA expression level of ARL9 were analyzed. A survival analysis and a Cox regression analysis were used to determine the prognostic significance of ARL9. Finally, we conducted a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the ARL9 signaling pathways involved in the development of colon adenocarcinoma. The effect of the expression of ARL9 on the proliferation and migration of colon adenocarcinoma was analyzed by the CCK8 method and a cell scratch test, respectively.
Results
The mRNA expression of ARL9 in colon adenocarcinoma tissues was higher in comparison to the level in normal adjacent tissues (
P
< 0.05). The mRNA expression of ARL9 was not related to sex, tumor stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, but to age. The 5-year survival rate of colon adenocarcinoma patients with high ARL9 mRNA expression levels was significantly lower than that of patients with low ARL9 mRNA expression levels (
P
< 0.05). Age and the high mRNA expression of ARL9 were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. The GSEA suggested that ARL9 may be able to upregulate cell adhesion, extracellular matrix receptor interactions, tumor-associated pathways, and downregulate the citrate cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, which are involved in the development of colon adenocarcinoma. After knocking down ARL9, the proliferation and migration abilities of colon adenocarcinoma cells were decreased (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion
The mRNA expression of ARL9 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma, and higher mRNA expression levels are associated with a poor prognosis. Knocking down ARL9 can reduce the proliferation and migration of colon adenocarcinoma cells. ARL9 mRNA can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
Journal Article
Immunological control of skin development: from homeostasis to developmental pathologies
The skin serves not only as a physical barrier but also as a dynamic immune organ, where immune cells orchestrate tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, and repair. Recent advances have revealed that immune cells play pivotal roles during skin development, guiding processes such as vascular formation, epidermal stratification, and hair follicle morphogenesis. In this review, we integrate fundamental mechanistic studies based on mouse models with key clinical observations from human diseases to comprehensively elucidate the contributions of critical immune cell populations—including macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells—to normal skin development. We then explore how dysregulation of immune cell functions leads to aberrant skin morphogenesis, contributing to congenital disorders, autoimmune-mediated abnormalities, and fibrotic diseases. By integrating insights from developmental immunology and pathology, we highlight how deviations in immune regulation can disrupt skin architecture and function. Understanding these mechanisms provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to modulate immune pathways for therapeutic skin regeneration. Future studies integrating spatial and single-cell technologies will further refine our knowledge of immune-tissue crosstalk in skin development and disease.
Journal Article
Research on the driving paths of farmers’ participation in physical activity and its impact on well-being
“Driving paths” refer to typical combinations of mechanisms formed by the joint influence of multiple socio-ecological factors that motivate individuals to engage in specific behaviors (such as physical exercise). Exploring the driving paths of farmers’ participation in physical exercise holds significant importance for enhancing their engagement in physical activity and improving their well-being. This study, which is based on the theoretical framework of socioecology, adopts a complex causality perspective and employs the fsQCA method to examine the key factors influencing the participation in physical exercise of farmers across 19 provinces in China, considering three dimensions—the individual level, interpersonal level, and community level—and eight conditional variables. The findings reveal the following: (1) Farmers’ participation in physical activity is not driven by a single factor but, rather, relies on the synergy of multiple conditions. (2) Seven configurations drive farmers’ participation in physical activity, and they can be classified into three pathways: individual-led dominant, Ecological interdependence, and multiple synergistic linkages. (3) In addition to the interplay of complex factors, the level of physical activity among farmers has increased, thus significantly boosting their sense of well-being. Among the pathways, the path of multiple synergistic linkages is more effective at increasing happiness than are the ecological interdependence and individual-led dominant pathways. This study recommends enhancing physical health education, promoting the widespread adoption of scientific fitness concepts, establishing a social support system for rural sports, fostering a conducive environment for physical activity, and strengthening the construction of sports infrastructure in rural areas, thus improving farmers’ access to physical exercise.
Journal Article
A comprehensive, longitudinal analysis of humoral responses specific to four recombinant antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients
There is an urgent need for effective treatment and preventive vaccine to contain this devastating global pandemic, which requires a comprehensive understanding of humoral responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during the disease progression and convalescent phase of COVID-19 patients. We continuously monitored the serum IgM and IgG responses specific to four SARS-CoV-2 related antigens, including the nucleoprotein (NP), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1 protein, and ectodomain (ECD) of the spike protein among non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients for seven weeks since disease onset. Most patients generated humoral responses against NP and spike protein-related antigens but with their distinct kinetics profiles. Combined detection of NP and ECD antigens as detecting antigen synergistically improved the sensitivity of the serological assay, compared to that of using NP or RBD as detection antigen. 80.7% of convalescent sera from COVID-19 patients revealed that the varying extents of neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2. S1-specific and ECD-specific IgA responses were strongly correlated with the neutralization activities in non-severe patients, but not in severe patients. Moreover, the neutralizing activities of the convalescent sera were shown to significantly decline during the period between 21 days to 28 days after hospital discharge, accompanied by a substantial drop in RBD-specific IgA response. Our data provide evidence that are crucial for serological testing, antibody-based intervention, and vaccine design of COVID-19.
Journal Article