Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
6,925
result(s) for
"Gu, Xiao"
Sort by:
العمارة الصينية : بناء الجمال بالطوب والحجارة : السحر الأزلي
فن العمارة الصينية قديمة العهد كالحضارة الصينية. من كل مصدر للمعلومات الأدبية والرسمية والمثالية، هناك أدلة قوية تدل على أن الصينيين كانوا يتمتعون دائما بنظام بناء السكان الأصليين الذي احتفظ بخصائصه الرئيسية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ حتى يومنا هذا. على مساحة واسعة من تركستان الصينية إلى اليابان، من منشوريا إلى النصف الشمالي من الهند الصينية الفرنسية، نفس نظام البناء هو السائد. هذا هو مجال التأثير الثقافي الصيني. أن هذا النظام من البناء يمكن أن يظل موجودا لأكثر من أربعة آلاف سنة على مثل هذا الإقليم الشاسع ولاتزال البنية الحية، محافظة على خصائصها الرئيسية على الرغم من الغزوات الأجنبية المتكررة العسكرية والعقلية والروحية، هي ظاهرة قابلة للمقارنة فقط لاستمرارية الحضارة التي تشكل جزءا لا يتجزأ منها.»ليانغ، سو-شونغ، 1984، 1984 خلال القرن العشرين حاول المهندسون المعماريون الصينيون المدربون من الغرب الجمع بين التصاميم الصينية التقليدية في الهندسة المعمارية الحديثة (عادة الحكومة) مع نجاح كبير علاوة على ذلك فإن الضغط من أجل التنمية الحضرية في جميع أنحاء الصين المعاصرة يتطلب سرعة أعلى من البناء ونسبة مساحة الطابق الأعلى، مما يعني أنه في المدن الكبرى الطلب على المباني الصينية التقليدية، والتي هي عادة أقل من 3 مستويات ورفض لصالح العمارة الحديثة. مع ذلك، فإن المهارات التقليدية للهندسة المعمارية الصينية، بما في ذلك النجارة الرئيسية والثانوية والبناء والحجارة لا تزال تطبق على بناء العمارة العامية في المنطقة الريفية الشاسعة في الصين.
BOOK
Horizontal transfer and evolution of transposable elements in vertebrates
Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (HTT) is an important process shaping eukaryote genomes, yet very few studies have quantified this phenomenon on a large scale or have evaluated the selective constraints acting on transposable elements (TEs) during vertical and horizontal transmission. Here we screen 307 vertebrate genomes and infer a minimum of 975 independent HTT events between lineages that diverged more than 120 million years ago. HTT distribution greatly differs from null expectations, with 93.7% of these transfers involving ray-finned fishes and less than 3% involving mammals and birds. HTT incurs purifying selection (conserved protein evolution) on all TEs, confirming that producing functional transposition proteins is required for a TE to invade new genomes. In the absence of HTT, DNA transposons appear to evolve neutrally within genomes, unlike most retrotransposons, which evolve under purifying selection. This selection regime indicates that proteins of most retrotransposon families tend to process their own encoding RNA (
cis
-preference), which helps retrotransposons to persist within host lineages over long time periods.
Horizontal transfer (HT) and evolution of transposable elements (TEs) has rarely been quantified on a large scale. Here, the authors screen 307 vertebrate genomes and infer 975 HT events (93% in ray-finned fishes); all TEs involved in HT evolve within genomes under purifying selection, as do most retrotransposons.
Journal Article
Incorporation of multiple supramolecular binding sites into a robust MOF for benchmark one-step ethylene purification
One-step adsorption separation of C
2
H
4
from ternary C
2
hydrocarbon mixtures remains an important and challenging goal for petrochemical industry. Current physisorbents either suffer from unsatisfied separation performance, poor stability, or are difficult to scale up. Herein, we report a strategy of constructing multiple supramolecular binding sites in a robust and scalable MOF (Al-PyDC) for highly efficient one-step C
2
H
4
purification from ternary mixtures. Owing to suitable pore confinement with multiple supramolecular binding sites, Al-PyDC exhibits one of the highest C
2
H
2
and C
2
H
6
uptakes and selectivities over C
2
H
4
at ambient conditions. The gas binding sites have been visualized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, unveiling that the low-polarity pore surfaces with abundant electronegative N/O sites provide stronger multiple supramolecular interactions with C
2
H
2
and C
2
H
6
over C
2
H
4
. Breakthrough experiments showed that polymer-grade C
2
H
4
can be separated from ternary mixtures with a maximum productivity of 1.61 mmol g
−1
. This material can be prepared from two simple reagents using a green synthesis method with water as the sole solvent, and its synthesis can be easily scaled to multikilogram batches. Al-PyDC achieves an effective combination of benchmark separation performance, high stability/recyclability, green synthesis and easy scalability to address major challenges for industrial one-step C
2
H
4
purification.
One-step separation of C2H4 from ternary C2 hydrocarbon mixtures remains a challenge for current physisorbents. Here, the authors reported a strategy of designing multiple supramolecular binding sites in a robust and scalable MOF for highly efficient one-step C2H4 purification from ternary mixtures.
Journal Article
TBK1, a prioritized drug repurposing target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: evidence from druggable genome Mendelian randomization and pharmacological verification in vitro
Background
There is a lack of effective therapeutic strategies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); therefore, drug repurposing might provide a rapid approach to meet the urgent need for treatment.
Methods
To identify therapeutic targets associated with ALS, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and colocalization analysis using cis-eQTL of druggable gene and ALS GWAS data collections to determine annotated druggable gene targets that exhibited significant associations with ALS. By subsequent repurposing drug discovery coupled with inclusion criteria selection, we identified several drug candidates corresponding to their druggable gene targets that have been genetically validated. The pharmacological assays were then conducted to further assess the efficacy of genetics-supported repurposed drugs for potential ALS therapy in various cellular models.
Results
Through MR analysis, we identified potential ALS druggable genes in the blood, including
TBK1
[OR 1.30, 95%CI (1.19, 1.42)],
TNFSF12
[OR 1.36, 95%CI (1.19, 1.56)],
GPX3
[OR 1.28, 95%CI (1.15, 1.43)],
TNFSF13
[OR 0.45, 95%CI (0.32, 0.64)], and
CD68
[OR 0.38, 95%CI (0.24, 0.58)]. Additionally, we identified potential ALS druggable genes in the brain, including
RESP18
[OR 1.11, 95%CI (1.07, 1.16)],
GPX3
[OR 0.57, 95%CI (0.48, 0.68)],
GDF9
[OR 0.77, 95%CI (0.67, 0.88)], and
PTPRN
[OR 0.17, 95%CI (0.08, 0.34)]. Among them,
TBK1
,
TNFSF12
,
RESP18
, and
GPX3
were confirmed in further colocalization analysis. We identified five drugs with repurposing opportunities targeting
TBK1
,
TNFSF12
, and
GPX3
, namely fostamatinib (R788), amlexanox (AMX), BIIB-023, RG-7212, and glutathione as potential repurposing drugs. R788 and AMX were prioritized due to their genetic supports, safety profiles, and cost-effectiveness evaluation. Further pharmacological analysis revealed that R788 and AMX mitigated neuroinflammation in ALS cell models characterized by overly active cGAS/STING signaling that was induced by MSA-2 or ALS-related toxic proteins (TDP-43 and SOD1), through the inhibition of TBK1 phosphorylation.
Conclusions
Our MR analyses provided genetic evidence supporting
TBK1
,
TNFSF12
,
RESP18
, and
GPX3
as druggable genes for ALS treatment. Among the drug candidates targeting the above genes with repurposing opportunities, FDA-approved drug-R788 and AMX served as effective TBK1 inhibitors. The subsequent pharmacological studies validated the potential of R788 and AMX for treating specific ALS subtypes through the inhibition of TBK1 phosphorylation.
Journal Article
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study
Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, have raised great public health concern globally. Here, we report a novel bat-origin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans.
We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei province, China. Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. Virus isolation was carried out, and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed.
Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29, 2019 presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. One of these patients died. Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknown β-CoV strain in all five patients, with 99.8% to 99.9% nucleotide identities among the isolates. These isolates showed 79.0% nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV (GenBank NC_004718) and 51.8% identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV (GenBank NC_019843). The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV (SL-ZC45, GenBank MG772933) with 87.6% to 87.7% nucleotide identity, but is in a separate clade. Moreover, these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8, as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs. However, the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV, indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor.
A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.
Journal Article
Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Published data on the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to more accurately assess its prognostic value. The analysis was performed based on the data from 14 studies with 3,656 patients to estimate the correlation between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the effect. We also conducted subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. The results demonstrated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.39–2.09) and PFS (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27–2.09) in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analysis indicated that cut-off value of 5 showed consistently prognostic value. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias for OS and PFS for included studies. This meta-analysis revealed that elevated pretreatment NLR might be a predicative factor of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients.
Journal Article
Systematic druggable genome‐wide Mendelian randomization identifies therapeutic targets for sarcopenia
Background There are no effective pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia by integrating various publicly available datasets. Methods We integrated druggable genome data, cis‐eQTL/cis‐pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS summary data of sarcopenia‐related traits to analyse the potential causal relationships between drug target genes and sarcopenia using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method. Sensitivity analyses and Bayesian colocalization were employed to validate the causal relationships. We also assessed the side effects or additional indications of the identified drug targets using a phenome‐wide MR (Phe‐MR) approach and investigated actionable drugs for target genes using available databases. Results MR analysis identified 17 druggable genes with potential causation to sarcopenia in human blood or skeletal muscle tissue. Six of them (HP, HLA‐DRA, MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, and AURKA) were further confirmed by Bayesian colocalization (PPH4 > 90%). The up‐regulation of HP [higher ALM (beta: 0.012, 95% CI: 0.007–0.018, P = 1.2*10−5) and higher grip strength (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, P = 4.2*10−5)], MAP 3K3 [higher ALM (beta: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.21–0.26, P = 1.8*10−94), higher grip strength (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.90, P = 2.1*10−5), and faster walking pace (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, P = 8.5*10−6)], and MFGE8 [higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.11, P = 6.1*10−13; blood pQTL, beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.07, P = 3.8*10−09)], as well as the down‐regulation of HLA‐DRA [lower ALM (beta: ‐0.09, 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.08, P = 5.4*10−36) and lower grip strength (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.20, P = 1.8*10−5)] and COL15A1 [higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: ‐0.07, 95% CI: −0.10 to −0.04, P = 3.4*10−07; blood pQTL, beta: ‐0.05, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.03, P = 1.6*10−07)], decreased the risk of sarcopenia. AURKA in blood (beta: ‐0.16, 95% CI: −0.22 to −0.09, P = 2.1*10−06) and skeletal muscle (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05, P = 5.3*10−05) tissues showed an inverse relationship with sarcopenia risk. The Phe‐MR indicated that the six potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia had no significant adverse effects. Drug repurposing analysis supported zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticum might be potential therapeutics for sarcopenia by activating HP and inhibiting COL15A1, respectively. Conclusions Our research indicated MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, HP, and HLA‐DRA may serve as promising targets for sarcopenia, while the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticum for sarcopenia requires further validation.
Journal Article
A systematic review and meta-analysis of direct anterior approach versus posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty
Background
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes and safety of the direct anterior approach (DAA) versus posterior approach (PA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google databases from inception to June 2018 to select studies that compared the DAA and PA for THA. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Outcomes included Harris hip score at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 1 year; VAS at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; incision length, operation time, postoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and complications (intraoperative fracture, postoperative dislocation, heterotopic ossification (HO), and groin pain).
Results
Nine RCTs totaling 754 THAs (DAA group = 377, PA group = 377) met the criteria to be included in this meta-analysis. The present meta-analysis indicated that, compared with PA group, DAA group was associated with an increase of the Harris hip score at the 2-week and 4-week time points. No significant difference was found between DAA and PA groups of the Harris hip scores at 12 weeks, 1 year length of hospital stay (
p
> 0.05). DAA group was associated with a reduction of the VAS at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h with statistical significance (
p
< 0.05). What is more, DAA was associated with a reduction of the incision length and postoperative blood loss (
p
< 0.05). There was no significant difference between the operation time and complications (intraoperative fracture, postoperative dislocation, HO, and groin pain).
Conclusion
In THA patients, compared with PA, DAA was associated with an early functional recovery and less pain scores. What is more, DAA was associated with shorter incision length and blood loss.
Journal Article
The occurrence, origin, and fate of water in chromitites in ophiolites
We present petrological investigations and mineral chemistry of several Tethyan ophiolites to reveal the occurrence, origin, and fate of water in podiform chromitites. The results show that clinopyroxene and olivine in chromitites have H
O contents of 801–366 and 53–17 ppm, respectively. The highest water contents of olivine occur in massive chromitite and the lowest always in the clinopyroxenebearing ores because much of the available hydrous fluids was taken up by the clinopyroxene during crystallization. The major and trace elemental and Li isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene associated with chromite and olivine in podiform chromitites indicate formation from a mixture of surface hydrous fluids on chromite grains and evolved melts from which olivine crystallized. The hydrous fluids initially originated from dehydration of a subducting slab as revealed by Li isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene and olivine in the chromitites. High fluid/rock ratios facilitated concentration of chromite to form chromitite, suppressing crystallization of olivine. The hydrous fluids that were collected on the chromite grain surface during crystallization allowed chromite grains to rise via decreasing density in the form of bubbles, thus promoting their gathering and concentration. The fate of these hydrous fluids depends on ambient physical and chemical conditions. Mostly they hydrate adjacent olivine grains in the chromitite or penetrate the surrounding dunite envelope. In some cases, the fluids dissolve into silicate melts to produce water-bearing clinopyroxene and/or hydrous minerals, such as amphibole, or infiltrate silicate and chromite grains to form inclusions, which may exsolve later in the form of mineral lamellae. Our investigations provide direct natural evidence for the presence and importance of water in the formation and evolution of chromite deposits, as inferred by earlier experimental studies.
Journal Article