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Plants from arid zones of Mexico are an interesting source of phytochemicals that exhibit a large number of biological properties. In this context, Rhus microphylla (Rm) and Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mg) fruits have been used as folk remedies and to make traditional foods, respectively; however, studies on their composition and bioactivity are limited. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the yields, phenolic composition, and bioactive properties (scavenging and reducing capacities, antiproliferative, and antifungal) of aqueous and hydroalcohol extracts of Rm and Mg fruits obtained by conventional agitation and ohmic heating (OH). The results showed that the Rm fruit extracts had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) values and the strongest scavenging and reducing capacities compared to those of Mg fruits, being characterized by the presence of gallic acid, while the composition of the Mg extracts varied with respect to the extraction conditions used. Regarding antifungal activity in vitro against two phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum, the hydroalcohol extracts obtained by conventional agitation of both plants (RmH-C and MgH-C) showed the best inhibitory effect, respectively. Interestingly, none of the extracts under study presented cytotoxicity against the noncancerous ARPE-19 cell line, while three extracts of Rm fruit exhibited a moderate antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cancerous) cell line. These findings reveal for the first time the potential of Rm and Mg fruits as a new source of bioactive compounds for future industrial applications.

Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) processing generates significant amounts of underutilized by-products that represent a promising source of bioactive compounds. Renowned for its abundance of β-carotene and phenolic antioxidants, it has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its nutritional profile. Melon side-streams, such as peels, seeds, and residual pulp, have emerged as valuable sources for sustainable functional ingredient development. This work provides updated insights into the phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of cantaloupe melon, with emphasis on the recovery and valorization of its by-products through conventional and emerging eco-friendly extraction technologies. These strategies are also discussed within a biorefinery perspective aimed at improving biomass utilization and promoting the development of value-added functional ingredients. Additionally, this review addresses how such approaches contribute to circular economy principles, supporting more sustainable and resource-efficient food production models.