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Cytoplasmic male sterile system (CMS) is one of the important methods for the utilization of heterosisin Brassica napus . The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anther and pollen development in B . napus has been recognized, but there is little data on the involvement of lncRNAs in pollen abortion in different types of rapeseed CMS. The present study compared the cytological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Nsa CMS (1258A) and Pol CMS (P5A) during pollen abortion, and high-throughput sequencing of flower buds of different sizes before and after pollen abortion. The results showed that insufficient energy supply was an important physiological basis for 1258A and P5A pollen abortion, and 1258A had excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation in the stage of pollen abortion. Functional analysis showed that Starch and sucrose metabolism and Sulfur metabolism were significantly enriched before and after pollen abortion in 1258A and P5A, and a large number of genes were down-regulated. In 1258A, 227 lncRNAs had cis -targeting regulation, and 240 cis -target genes of the lncRNAs were identified. In P5A, 116 lncRNAs had cis -targeting regulation, and 101 cis- target genes of the lncRNAs were identified. There were five lncRNAs cis- target genes in 1258A and P5A during pollen abortion, and LOC106445716 encodes β-D-glucopyranosyl abscisate β-glucosidase and could regulate pollen abortion. Taken together, this study, provides a new perspective for lncRNAs to participate in the regulation of Nsa CMS and Pol CMS pollen abortion.

Environmental abiotic stresses limit plant growth, development, and reproduction. This study aims to reveal the response of Brassica napus to salt stress. Here, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics analysis were performed on 15 Brassica napus leave samples treated with salt at different times. Through functional enrichment analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differential metabolites (DMs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), the key factors that dominate Brassica napus response to salt stress were identified. The results showed that the two key hormones responding to salt stress were Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Salt stress for 24h is an important milestone. Brassica napus adjusted multiple pathways at 24h to avoid over-response to salt stress and cause energy consumption. The increased expression in BnPP2C is tangible evidence. In response to salt stress, JA and ABA work together to reduce the damage caused by salt stress in Brassica napus . The increased expression of all BnJAZs after salt stress highlighted the function of JA that cannot be ignored responding to salt stress. In addition, some metabolites, such as N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, L-Cysteine and L-(+)-Arginine, play a critical role in maintaining the balance of ROS. Proteins like catalase-3, cysteine desulfurase, HSP90 and P450_97A3 were the most critical differential proteins in response to salt stress. These findings of this study provide data support for Brassica napus breeding.

Studies in multiple species have shown that phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) and oil bodies are important factors affecting plant oil accumulation. Although the PDAT gene family has been extensively studied in many plants, it has not yet been systematically analyzed in Brassica napus. In this study, we identified four PDAT family members in B. napus, which were divided into two subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. These members share conserved motifs and gene structures, with multiple cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress in their promoter regions. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that most BnaPDAT genes are highly expressed during the late stages of seed development, with expression differences under various abiotic stresses and in materials with varying oleic acid content. To further investigate the effects of the PDAT gene on seed oil content and fatty acid composition in Brassica napus, we constructed transgenic plants overexpressing BnaA02.PDAT1 under the control of the 35S promoter. The results showed that compared to wild type (WT), the thousand-seed weight of BnaA02.PDAT1 transgenic plants increased significantly by 12.95–14.76%. Additionally, the total oil content in transgenic seeds was 1.86–2.77% higher than that of WT. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition in the seeds was also altered. This study confirms the critical role of BnaPDAT genes in B. napus seed development and their impact on oil accumulation.

To scientifically evaluate and utilize high-oleic acid rape germplasm resources and cultivate new varieties suitable for planting in the Hunan Province, 30 local high-oleic acid rape germplasms from Hunan were used as materials. The 12 personality indices of quality, yield, and resistance were comprehensively evaluated by variability, correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses. The results of variability showed that except for oleic acid, the lowest coefficient of variation was oil content, which was 0.06. Correlation analysis showed that oil content was positively correlated with main traits such as yield per plant and oleic acid, which could be used in the early screening of high-oleic rape germplasm. The results of principal component analysis showed that the 12 personality indicators were integrated into four principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate was 62.487%. The value of comprehensive coefficient ‘F’ was positively correlated with the first, second, and fourth principal components and negatively correlated with the third principal component. Cluster analysis showed that 30 high-oleic rape germplasms could be divided into four categories consisting of 9 (30%), 6 (20%), 7 (23%), and 8 (27%) high-oleic rape germplasms, each with the characteristics of \"high disease resistance\", \"high yield\", \"high protein\", and \"more stability\". This study not only provides a reference basis for high-oleic rape breeding but also provides a theoretical basis for their early screening.

Soluble sugars are among the key components determining the flavor quality of rapeseed bolting. However, the potential regulatory network governing the biosynthesis of soluble sugars during the growth and development of rapeseed bolting remains largely unknown. In this study, the total soluble sugar and starch contents were measured at the seedling and bolting stages in 203 Brassica napus germplasms. Among them, the inbred lines No51 and No106 were identified as high- and low-sugar materials, respectively. A comparative analysis of the soluble sugar composition between these two extreme lines revealed that sucrose and glucose are the key metabolites contributing to differences in the soluble sugar content. A total of 36,893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by transcriptomics, including 19,031 significantly upregulated genes and 17,862 downregulated genes. Metabolomics has identified 25 common and unique metabolites. The combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites were mainly concentrated in starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, and the interconversion of pentose and glucuronic acid. The expression patterns obtained by RNA seq and qRT PCR are highly consistent. A regulatory network related to soluble sugar synthesis and metabolism was constructed, leading to the identification of BnaC02G0100500ZS, BnaC02G0100700ZS, and BnaC02G0092700ZS as potential key genes involved in the regulation of soluble sugar biosynthesis.

The gene is a key gene in the vitamin B6 synthesis pathway, playing a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. To explore the family characteristics of the gene in ( ) and its regulatory function under waterlogging stress, this study used five genes from Arabidopsis thaliana as the basis for sequence analysis. Thirteen, eight, and six genes were identified in , ( ), and ( ), respectively. Bioinformatics study reveals high conservation of subfamily genes during evolution, and genes in respond to waterlogging stress.In order to further investigate the effect of the gene on waterlogging tolerance in , expression analysis was conducted on gene overexpressing plants and wild-type plants. The study showed that overexpressing plants could synthesize more VB6 under waterlogging stress, exhibit stronger antioxidant enzyme activity, and have a more effective and stable ROS scavenging system, thus exhibiting a healthier phenotype. These findings suggested that the gene can enhance the waterlogging tolerance of , which is of great significance for its response to waterlogging stress. Our study provides a basic reference for further research on the regulation mechanism of the gene and waterlogging tolerance in .

Background: Raffinose synthase (RFS) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, its functions in Brassica napus remain poorly understood. Methods: To investigate the characteristics of the RFS gene family in B. napus (rapeseed), five Arabidopsis thaliana RFS gene sequences were used as references to identify thirteen RFS genes in B. napus, four in Brassica rapa, and six in Brassica oleracea. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including molecular characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, conserved protein motifs, gene structures, and chromosomal localization. Results: BnaC02G0100500ZS was selected as a candidate gene due to its unique expression profile. Sequence alignment identified it as BnaRFS6, and subcellular localization revealed that its encoded protein is localized in the mitochondria. Overexpression of BnaRFS6 in rapeseed significantly affected the soluble sugar and starch content in the stalks, resulting in increased levels of fructose, glucose, and raffinose, and a decreased starch content. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of BnaRFS6 in enhancing sugar metabolism in B. napus, particularly in relation to fructose, glucose, and raffinose accumulation. Understanding its potential function provides a foundation for improving the sugar content and taste of rapeseed stalks through genetic engineering in the future.

Annexins (ANN) are a multigene, evolutionarily conserved family of calcium-dependent and phospholipid-binding proteins that play important roles in plant development and stress resistance. However, a systematic comprehensive analysis of ANN genes of Brassicaceae species ( Brassica rapa , Brassica oleracea , and Brassica napus ) has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified 13, 12, and 26 ANN genes in B. rapa , B. oleracea , and B. napus , respectively. About half of these genes were clustered on various chromosomes. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed that the ANN genes were highly conserved in Brassicaceae species. Transcriptome analysis showed that different group ANN members exhibited varied expression patterns in different tissues and under different (abiotic stress and hormones) treatments. Meanwhile, same group members from Arabidopsis thaliana , B. rapa , B. oleracea , and B. napus demonstrated conserved expression patterns in different tissues. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that BnaANN genes were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and played important roles in jasmonate (JA) signaling and multiple stress response in B. napus .

In order to reduce pesticides, it is also necessary to understand how plant diseases originate in the beginning and to be around them all around the world. One of the best ways to achieve this goal is to promote images that are not visible to the world (WMSN) in an agricultural country. However, the sending of a wireless device with little knowledge of the images will add more traffic to traffic, especially electricity. In this pamphlet, we create a diagnostic procedure that is aimed at driving WMSN’s additional resources. From the study of the locally available nodes of the plants, this new technique can make the first choice on the vegetation of the plants, knowing how to send pictures to the control center to continue to explore, to move forward. Look at the Internet. The same method includes the distribution of images using color and shape, and its 2D profile is used as part of the stages. What happens on metal images and lack of food indicates that the correct route is 94.5%.

Abiotic stress induces nitrate (NO ) allocation to roots, which increases stress tolerance in plants. NRT1.1 is broadly involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants, but the relationship between NRT1.1 and NO allocation under stress conditions is unclear. In this study, we found that Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 was more cadmium (Cd )-tolerant than the mutant at 20 μM CdCl . Cd exposure repressed but upregulated in roots of Col-0 plants, resulting in increased NO allocation to roots and higher [NO ] root-to-shoot (R:S) ratios. Interestingly, ( ) was upregulated by Cd stress in Col-0 but not in . Under Cd stress, and mutants exhibited similar phenotypes and NO allocation patterns as observed in the mutant, but overexpression of in Col-0 and increased the [NO ] R:S ratio and restored Cd stress tolerance. Our results indicated that and regulated Cd stress-induced NO allocation to roots and that functioned downstream of . Cd uptake did not differ between Col-0 and , but Cd allocation to roots was higher in Col-0 than in . Stressed Col-0 plants increased Cd and NO allocation to root vacuoles, which reduced their cytosolic allocation and transport to the shoots. Our results suggest that NRT1.1 regulates NO allocation to roots by coordinating Cd accumulation in root vacuoles, which facilitates Cd detoxification.