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"Guang Yang"
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Security dynamics of East Asia in the Gulf region
The Gulf region's primary economic relationships are rapidly shifting from West to East. Relations with China, Japan and South Korea are becoming increasingly strategic in nature: based on a degree of mutual dependence far greater than is present in Gulf-Western relations. The balance of global politics will be critically affected by this powerful emerging relationship. This book provides documentation of the trend and examines some of the political and strategic issues which follow from it.
Book
Thermally modulated lithium iron phosphate batteries for mass-market electric vehicles
The pursuit of energy density has driven electric vehicle (EV) batteries from using lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes in early days to ternary layered oxides increasingly rich in nickel; however, it is impossible to forgo the LFP battery due to its unsurpassed safety, as well as its low cost and cobalt-free nature. Here we demonstrate a thermally modulated LFP battery to offer an adequate cruise range per charge that is extendable by 10 min recharge in all climates, essentially guaranteeing EVs that are free of range anxiety. Such a thermally modulated LFP battery designed to operate at a working temperature around 60 °C in any ambient condition promises to be a well-rounded powertrain for mass-market EVs. Furthermore, we reveal that the limited working time at the high temperature presents an opportunity to use graphite of low surface areas, thereby prospectively prolonging the EV lifespan to greater than two million miles.
Ternary layered oxides dominate the current automobile batteries but suffer from material scarcity and operational safety. Here the authors report that, when operating at around 60 °C, a low-cost lithium iron phosphate-based battery exhibits ultra-safe, fast rechargeable and long-lasting properties.
Journal Article
Multi-dimensional Backward Stochastic Differential Equations of Diagonally Quadratic Generators with a Special Structure
The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness of a type of multi-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE for short) with a diagonally quadratic generator. The author gives a new priori estimate, and prove that the BSDE admits a unique solution on a given interval when the generator has a sufficiently small growth of the off-diagonal elements (i.e., for each
i
, the
i
-th component of the generator has a small growth of the
j
-th row
z
j
of the variable
z
for each
j
≠
i
). Finally, a solvability result is given when the diagonally quadratic generator is triangular.
Journal Article
غبار تحت الشمس : قصص قصيرة
يعرض الكتاب بين دفتيه قصصا قصيرة لعادات الأقليات الصينية، وسلوكيات العائلات في المناسبات الدينية والاحتفالات الأخرى المختلفة، وتتباين فيها الشخصيات والزمان والمكان، لتضع القارئ أمام رسم أدبي يشرح حياة الأقليات الصينية المليئة بالتفاصيل والمفارقات. الكتاب من تأليف: يه شنغ فو، وترجمة عن الصينية.
Book
A Smart Wireless Ear-Worn Device for Cardiovascular and Sweat Parameter Monitoring During Physical Exercise: Design and Performance Results
Wearable biomedical technology has gained much support lately as devices have become more affordable to the general public and they can easily interact with mobile phones and other platforms. The feasibility and accuracy of the data generated by these devices so as to replace the standard medical methods in use today is still under scrutiny. In this paper, we present an ear-worn device to measure cardiovascular and sweat parameters during physical exercise. ECG bipolar recordings capture the electric potential around both ears, whereas sweat rate is estimated by the impedance method over one segment of tissue closer to the left ear, complemented by the measurement of the lactate and pH levels using amperiometric and potentiometric sensors, respectively. Together with head acceleration, the acquired data is sent to a mobile phone via BLE, enabling extended periods of signal recording. Results obtained by the device have shown a SNR level of 18 dB for the ECG signal recorded around the ears, a THD value of −20.46 dB for the excitation signal involved in impedance measurements, sweat conductivity of 0.08 S/m at 1 kHz and sensitivities of 50 mV/pH and 0.8 μA/mM for the pH and lactate acquisition channels, respectively. Testing of the device was performed in human subjects during indoors cycling with characteristic level changes.
Journal Article
Pt-O bond as an active site superior to Pt0 in hydrogen evolution reaction
The oxidized platinum (Pt) can exhibit better electrocatalytic activity than metallic Pt
0
in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which has aroused great interest in exploring the role of oxygen in Pt-based catalysts. Herein, we select two structurally well-defined polyoxometalates Na
5
[H
3
Pt
(IV)
W
6
O
24
] (PtW
6
O
24
) and Na
3
K
5
[Pt
(II)
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
] (Pt
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
) as the platinum oxide model to investigate the HER performance. Electrocatalytic experiments show the mass activities of PtW
6
O
24
/C and Pt
2
(W
5
O
18
)
2
/C are 20.175 A mg
−1
and 10.976 A mg
−1
at 77 mV, respectively, which are better than that of commercial 20% Pt/C (0.398 A mg
−1
). The in situ synchrotron radiation experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the elongated Pt-O bond acts as the active site during the HER process, which can accelerate the coupling of proton and electron and the rapid release of H
2
. This work complements the knowledge boundary of Pt-based electrocatalytic HER, and suggests another way to update the state-of-the-art electrocatalyst.
While converting water to H
2
with a catalyst offers a renewable means to produce carbon-neutral fuels, understanding the catalytic active sites has proven challenging. Here, authors show a structurally well-defined model complex with Pt-O bonding to enable efficient H
2
evolution electrocatalysis.
Journal Article
The assembly of succinate dehydrogenase: a key enzyme in bioenergetics
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also known as complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme involved in both oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle; the processes that generate energy. SDH is a multi-subunit enzyme which requires a series of proteins for its proper assembly at several steps. This enzyme has medical significance as there is a broad range of human diseases from cancers to neurodegeneration related to SDH malfunction. Some of these disorders have recently been linked to defective assembly factors, reinvigorating further research in this area. Apart from that this enzyme has agricultural importance as many fungicides have been/will be designed targeting specifically this enzyme in plant fungal pathogens. In addition, we speculate it might be possible to design novel fungicides specifically targeting fungal assembly factors. Considering the medical and agricultural implications of SDH, the aim of this review is an overview of the SDH assembly factors and critical analysis of controversial issues around them.
Journal Article
MSFT-YOLO: Improved YOLOv5 Based on Transformer for Detecting Defects of Steel Surface
With the development of artificial intelligence technology and the popularity of intelligent production projects, intelligent inspection systems have gradually become a hot topic in the industrial field. As a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision, how to achieve object detection in the industry while taking into account the accuracy and real-time detection is an important challenge in the development of intelligent detection systems. The detection of defects on steel surfaces is an important application of object detection in the industry. Correct and fast detection of surface defects can greatly improve productivity and product quality. To this end, this paper introduces the MSFT-YOLO model, which is improved based on the one-stage detector. The MSFT-YOLO model is proposed for the industrial scenario in which the image background interference is great, the defect category is easily confused, the defect scale changes a great deal, and the detection results of small defects are poor. By adding the TRANS module, which is designed based on Transformer, to the backbone and detection headers, the features can be combined with global information. The fusion of features at different scales by combining multi-scale feature fusion structures enhances the dynamic adjustment of the detector to objects at different scales. To further improve the performance of MSFT-YOLO, we also introduce plenty of effective strategies, such as data augmentation and multi-step training methods. The test results on the NEU-DET dataset show that MSPF-YOLO can achieve real-time detection, and the average detection accuracy of MSFT-YOLO is 75.2, improving about 7% compared to the baseline model (YOLOv5) and 18% compared to Faster R-CNN, which is advantageous and inspiring.
Journal Article
A mesocortical glutamatergic pathway modulates neuropathic pain independent of dopamine co-release
Dysfunction in the mesocortical pathway, connecting the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the prefrontal cortex, has been implicated in chronic pain. While extensive research has focused on the role of dopamine, the contribution of glutamatergic signaling in pain modulation remains unknown. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we observe diminished VTA glutamatergic activity targeting the prelimbic cortex (PL) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Optogenetic activation of VTA glutamatergic terminals in the PL alleviates neuropathic pain, whereas inhibiting these terminals in naïve mice induces pain-like responses. Importantly, this pain-modulating effect is independent of dopamine co-release, as demonstrated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion. Furthermore, we show that VTA neurons primarily project to excitatory neurons in the PL, and their activation restores PL outputs to the anterior cingulate cortex, a key region involved in pain processing. These findings reveal a distinct mesocortical glutamatergic pathway that critically modulates neuropathic pain independent of dopamine signaling.
The role of mesocortical pathway in pain modulation is poorly understood. Here, authors show in mice that enhancing ventral tegmental area to prefrontal cortex glutamatergic activity alleviates neuropathic pain independently of dopamine co-release.
Journal Article