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Background Burn treatments are complex, and for this reason, a specialised multidisciplinary approach is recommended. Evaluating the quality of care provided to acute burn patients through quality indicators makes it possible to develop and implement measures aiming at better results. There is a lack of information on which indicators to evaluate care in burn patients. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify a list of quality indicators used to evaluate the quality of hospital care provided to acute burn patients and indicate possible aspects of care that do not have specific indicators in the literature. Method A comprehensive scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Lilacs/VHL) between July 25 and 30, 2022 and redone on October 6, 2022. Potentially relevant articles were evaluated for eligibility. General data and the identified quality indicators were collected for each included article. Each indicator was classified as a structure, process, or outcome indicator. Results A total of 1548 studies were identified, 82 were included, and their reference lists were searched, adding 19 more publications. Thus, data were collected from 101 studies. This review identified eight structure quality indicators, 72 process indicators, and 19 outcome indicators listed and subdivided according to their objectives. Conclusion This study obtained a list of quality indicators already used to monitor and evaluate the hospital care of acute burn patients. These indicators may be useful for further research or implementation in quality improvement programs. Trial Registration Protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform on June 27, 2022 ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NAW85 ).

A major outbreak of yellow fever (YF) occurred in Brazil during 2016-2018. Epizootics in New World nonhuman primates are sentinel events for YF virus circulation. However, genus-specific susceptibilities and suitability for YF surveillance remain poorly understood. We obtained and compared epidemiologic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular results from 93 human and 1,752 primate cases submitted during the recent YF outbreak in Brazil (2017), with the support of the Brazilian National YF Surveillance Program. We detected heterogeneous YF-associated profiles among the various genera of primates we analyzed. Alouatta primates were the most reliable sentinel; Sapajus and Callicebus primates had higher viral loads but lower proportional mortality rates. Callithrix primates were the least sensitive, showing lower viral loads, lower proportional mortality rates, and no demonstrable YF virus antigen or extensive lesions in liver, despite detectable viral RNA. These differences in susceptibility, viral load, and mortality rates should be considered in strategic surveillance of epizootics and control measures for YF.

This study investigates an inlet design for a gravitational vortex turbine (GVT), drawing inspiration from the ancient Nazca puquios. The puquios are ingenious subterranean aqueducts constructed by the Nazca culture (c. 100 BC–800 AD) in southern Peru, featuring spiral ojos de agua (water eyes) used to access groundwater and stabilize flow.The primary objective was to enhance vortex stability and overall GVT efficiency under low-head, low-flow operating conditions. A parametric Nazca-type inlet feeding a conical basin was defined by two controlling factors: the number of turns (N) and the inclination angle (θ). The optimal geometry was determined through a 32 full factorial design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and response surface methodology (RSM), with vortex circulation (Γ) serving as the optimization metric. The best-performing inlet configuration (N=4, θ=13∘) yielded Γ=1.3459 m2/s. This circulation level is comparable to that reported for optimized conventional wrap-around inlets at similar flow rates, but uniquely produced a broader and more symmetric vortex structure. Subsequently, two four-bladed runners (one with twisted blades and one with curved cross-flow blades) were evaluated numerically and experimentally using a laboratory-scale prototype operated at a consistent flow rate (Q≈0.00143 m3/s). CFD predicted maximum efficiencies of 15.37% and 17.07% for the twisted and curved runners, respectively, while experimental tests achieved 8.70% and 11.61%, demonstrating similar efficiency (η) versus angular velocity (ω) characteristics. These results indicate reduced hydraulic effectiveness of the Nazca-inspired geometry for the GVT, with experimental efficiencies below those reported in the literature.

Radiotherapy induces a higher level of Candida spp. colonization, resulting in oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the phototransformation potential of the glycolic extract of Curcuma longa (C. longa); the antifungal activity of C. longa, curcumin, and antifungal photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with blue light-emitting diodes “LED” on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in vitro; and the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin in Galleria mellonella model. In order to confirm the light absorption capacity of the C. longa extract, its phototransformation potential was evaluated. The antifungal effect of C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT was evaluated over Candida spp. Finally, the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin was evaluated on the Galleria mellonella model. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software considering α = 5%. It was found that C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT using blue LED have an antifungal effect over C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract of C. longa 100 mg/mL and curcumin 200 μg/mL do not show toxicity on Galleria mellonella model.

Procellariiformes are among the most threatened seabirds globally, yet viral pathogens affecting this group remain poorly understood. Herpesviruses are widespread in birds and capable of establishing latency, reactivating under immunosuppression, and causing severe disease, particularly in cross-species transmission. We surveyed herpesvirus in 50 individuals (12 species) that stranded along the southeastern Brazilian coast (2017–2023). A nested pan-PCR protocol targeting the DNA polymerase gene detected herpesvirus DNA in 24% (12/50) of the birds. Seven distinct herpesvirus sequence types were identified, all clustering within the genus Mardivirus, including two previously known variants and novel lineages. To our best knowledge, this represents the first herpesvirus report in the Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris), Cape Verde Shearwater (Calonectris edwardsii), Manx Shearwater (Puffinus puffinus), and Southern Giant-Petrel (Macronectes giganteus), as well as new host reports for the Yellow-nosed Albatross (T. chlororhynchos) and Cory’s Shearwater (C. borealis). No associated lesions were observed in histopathology. Our findings expand the known host range of herpesviruses in Procellariiformes and reveal possible circulation among colonies and non-breeding areas across the Southern and Northern hemispheres. Our results underscore the need for integrative ecological-, virological-, and population-based studies to clarify how seabird ecology influences herpesvirus transmission dynamics and long-term persistence in this group.

Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi and is considered uncommon in dogs, particularly when associated with visceral or systemic involvement. Pulmonary disease as a primary site of infection is rarely reported in veterinary medicine and is often associated with an unfavorable outcome. This report describes a fatal case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in a dog, characterized by severe granulomatous pneumonia, vascular invasion by pigmented fungal hyphae, and the development of large vessel thrombosis. Histopathological examination revealed septate, pigmented hyphae consistent with dematiaceous fungi associated with an intense granulomatous inflammatory response. Although molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction was unsuccessful due to the absence of amplifiable DNA in archived FFPE tissue, the clinicopathological correlation and histopathological findings were sufficient to support a diagnosis consistent with phaeohyphomycosis. Severe pulmonary inflammation likely contributed to vascular endothelial injury, resulting in pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis of major veins. This case highlights the diagnostic and clinical challenges associated with phaeohyphomycosis in dogs and emphasizes the importance of considering this infection in the differential diagnosis of chronic or progressive respiratory diseases accompanied by systemic complications. Furthermore, it reinforces the relevance of histopathology and comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation when molecular confirmation of the etiological agent is not achievable.

Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease caused by Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), endemic in some parts of Africa and America. In Brazil, YFV is maintained by a sylvatic transmission cycle involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest canopy-dwelling mosquitoes, mainly Haemagogus -spp and Sabethes- spp. Beginning in 2016, Brazil faced one of the largest Yellow Fever (YF) outbreaks in recent decades, mainly in the southeastern region. In São Paulo city, YFV was detected in October 2017 in Aloutta monkeys in an Atlantic Forest area. From 542 NHP, a total of 162 NHP were YFV positive by RT-qPCR and/or immunohistochemistry, being 22 Callithrix- spp. most from urban areas. Entomological collections executed did not detect the presence of strictly sylvatic mosquitoes. Three mosquito pools were positive for YFV, 2 Haemagogus leucocelaenus , and 1 Aedes scapularis . In summary, YFV in the São Paulo urban area was detected mainly in resident marmosets, and synanthropic mosquitoes were likely involved in viral transmission.

This article examines the procedural mechanism of intervention at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), as outlined in Articles 62 and 63 of the ICJ Statute. In recent cases, particularly those concerning the Genocide Convention, the Court has observed a significant rise in State interventions, prompting questions about their effect on the ICJ's procedure. The article examines how this trend reflects both a commitment to international legal norms and a potential for political manoeuvring. It assesses whether the surge in interventions enhances the Court's legitimacy or risks compromising its efficiency. The discussion underscores the need for the ICJ to balance State engagement with procedural integrity.

Liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) has been used for the delivery of drugs into the intramacrophage milieu. (L.) parasites live inside macrophages and cause a fatal and neglected viscerotropic disease, with a toxic treatment. Sertraline was studied as a free formulation (SERT) and also entrapped into phosphatidylserine liposomes (LP-SERT) against intracellular amastigotes and in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. LP-SERT showed a potent activity against intracellular amastigotes with an EC value of 2.5 μM. The efficacy of SERT demonstrated a therapeutic failure. However, when entrapped into negatively charged liposomes (-58 mV) of 125 nm, it significantly reduced the parasite burden in the mice liver by 89% at 1 mg/kg, reducing the serum levels of the cytokine IL-6 and upregulating the levels of the chemokine MCP-1. Histopathological studies demonstrated the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate with the development of granulomas in the liver, suggesting the resolution of the infection in the treated group. Delivery studies showed fluorescent-labeled LP-SERT in the liver and spleen of mice even after 48 h of administration. This study demonstrates the efficacy of PS liposomes containing sertraline in experimental VL. Considering the urgent need for VL treatments, the repurposing approach of SERT could be a promising alternative.

Beginning in late 2016 Brazil faced the worst outbreak of Yellow Fever in recent decades, mainly located in southeastern rural regions of the country. In the present study we characterize the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) associated with this outbreak in São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood or tissues collected from 430 dead monkeys and 1030 pools containing a total of 5,518 mosquitoes were tested for YFV by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence. A total of 67 monkeys were YFV-positive and 3 pools yielded YFV following culture in a C6/36 cell line. Analysis of five nearly full length genomes of YFV from collected samples was consistent with evidence that the virus associated with the São Paulo outbreak originated in Minas Gerais. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that strains involved in the 2016–2017 outbreak in distinct Brazilian states (i.e., Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espirito Santo) intermingled in maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees. Conversely, the strains detected in São Paulo formed a monophyletic cluster, suggesting that they were local-adapted. The finding of YFV by RT-PCR in five Callithrix monkeys who were all YFV-negative by histopathology or immunohistochemistry suggests that this YFV lineage circulating in Sao Paulo is associated with different outcomes in Callithrix when compared to other monkeys.