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"Guo, Li"
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MSFT-YOLO: Improved YOLOv5 Based on Transformer for Detecting Defects of Steel Surface
With the development of artificial intelligence technology and the popularity of intelligent production projects, intelligent inspection systems have gradually become a hot topic in the industrial field. As a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision, how to achieve object detection in the industry while taking into account the accuracy and real-time detection is an important challenge in the development of intelligent detection systems. The detection of defects on steel surfaces is an important application of object detection in the industry. Correct and fast detection of surface defects can greatly improve productivity and product quality. To this end, this paper introduces the MSFT-YOLO model, which is improved based on the one-stage detector. The MSFT-YOLO model is proposed for the industrial scenario in which the image background interference is great, the defect category is easily confused, the defect scale changes a great deal, and the detection results of small defects are poor. By adding the TRANS module, which is designed based on Transformer, to the backbone and detection headers, the features can be combined with global information. The fusion of features at different scales by combining multi-scale feature fusion structures enhances the dynamic adjustment of the detector to objects at different scales. To further improve the performance of MSFT-YOLO, we also introduce plenty of effective strategies, such as data augmentation and multi-step training methods. The test results on the NEU-DET dataset show that MSPF-YOLO can achieve real-time detection, and the average detection accuracy of MSFT-YOLO is 75.2, improving about 7% compared to the baseline model (YOLOv5) and 18% compared to Faster R-CNN, which is advantageous and inspiring.
Journal Article
BRD4 inhibition exerts anti-viral activity through DNA damage-dependent innate immune responses
Chromatin dynamics regulated by epigenetic modification is crucial in genome stability and gene expression. Various epigenetic mechanisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Here, we examined the effects of ten epigenetic agents on pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection by using GFP-reporter assays. Inhibitors of bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4), which receives much more attention in cancer than viral infection, was found to exhibit substantial anti-viral activity against PRV as well as a range of DNA and RNA viruses. We further demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition boosted a robust innate immune response. BRD4 inhibition also de-compacted chromatin structure and induced the DNA damage response, thereby triggering the activation of cGAS-mediated innate immunity and increasing host resistance to viral infection both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect of BRD4 inhibition on viral infection was mainly attributed to the attenuation of viral attachment. Our findings reveal a unique mechanism through which BRD4 inhibition restrains viral infection and points to its potent therapeutic value for viral infectious diseases.
Journal Article
الاقتصاد الصيني
يتناول كتاب (الاقتصاد الصيني) والذي قام بتأليفه (وو دي لي، سوي فو مين، تشنغ لي) في حوالي (127) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (اقتصاد الصيني) مستعرضا التالي : يتحدث عن الإنجازات الملحوظة التي حققها الاقتصاد الصيني منذ أكثر من ثلاثين عاما هي مدة الإصلاح والانفتاح، وارتفاع مكانته الدولية بصورة متزايدة. وعن الاتجاه المستقبلي لاقتصاد الصين وإسهامات الاقتصاد الصيني في الاقتصاد العالمي ؟ ويمكن للقارئ أن يحصل على أجوبة لكل هذه الأسئلة من ذلك الكتاب.
Book
Generation and biobanking of patient-derived glioblastoma organoids and their application in CAR T cell testing
Glioblastoma tumors exhibit extensive inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, which has contributed to the poor outcomes of numerous clinical trials and continues to complicate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Most in vitro models do not preserve the cellular and mutational diversity of parent tumors and often require a lengthy generation time with variable efficiency. Here, we describe detailed procedures for generating glioblastoma organoids (GBOs) from surgically resected patient tumor tissue using a chemically defined medium without cell dissociation. By preserving cell-cell interactions and minimizing clonal selection, GBOs maintain the cellular heterogeneity of parent tumors. We include details of how to passage and cryopreserve GBOs for continued use, biobanking and long-term recovery. In addition, we describe procedures for investigating patient-specific responses to immunotherapies by co-culturing GBOs with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. It takes ~2–4 weeks to generate GBOs and 5–7 d to perform CAR T cell co-culture using this protocol. Competence with human cell culture, tissue processing, immunohistology and microscopy is required for optimal results.
The authors describe procedures for generating and biobanking glioblastoma organoids from patient tumor tissue and testing of chimeric antigen receptor T cell efficacy by co-culture. Tissue processing, immunohistology and detection of hypoxic gradients and actively proliferating cells are also described.
Journal Article
شي جين بينغ : حول الحكم والإدارة
ترجع أهمية هذا الكتاب، وما حظي به من إقبال دولي كبير خارج الصين إلى ثلاثة عوامل رئيسية هامة. الأول : أنه يتحدث عن الدولة التي أصبحت محط أنظار العالم خلال الفترة الأخيرة، فالكتاب يسلط الضوء على النظريات الهامة والقضايا الواقعية لتنمية الصين في العصر الجديد، ويفتح نافذة للمجتمع الدولي لتعزيز معرفته وفهمه للمفهوم الصيني للتنمية وطريق التنمية وسياسات الصين الداخلية والخارجية. العامل الثاني، يتمثل في شخصية مؤلف الكتاب، وهو الرئيس شي جين بينغ، الذي لفت أنظار العالم بفضل سماته الشخصية الصادقة والودية منذ المؤتمر الثامن عشر للحزب الشيوعي الصيني، إذ تركت أقواله وأفعاله انطباعا عميقا لدى المجتمع الدولي. وبصفته أعلى قائد للصين حزبا ودولة، فقد ألقى الرئيس شي كلمات كثيرة حول حوكمة الدولة وإدارة شؤونها، طرح فيها الكثير من الأفكار والنظريات والاستنتاجات الجديدة، وأجاب عن المسائل النظرية والواقعية الهامة حول تطور الحزب والدولة في الظروف التاريخية الجديدة. وعرض بصورة مركزة مفهوم حوكمة الدولة واستراتيجية تنفيذ الحكم للجماعة القيادية الجديدة للجنة المركزية للحزب الشيوعي الصيني. وبالتالي فإن قراءة هذا الكتاب تساعد على فهم أفكار الرئيس شي حول حكم البلاد وإدارة شؤونها، بجانب التعرف على سمات وخصائص شخصيته من تواضع وتسامح وثقة بالنفس وأدب جم ورغبة في خدمة الشعب. أما العامل الثالث، فيتمثل في تنوع المفاهيم التي يحتوي عليها الكتاب، فهو يضم العديد من المفاهيم المتقدمة حول حكم البلاد وإدارة شؤونها، والتي لا تقتصر فائدتها وتأثيراتها على التنمية في الصين فقط، وإنما تمتد أيضا إلى التنمية في دول العالم الأخرى. القراءة المتفحصة لعناوين الفصول الثمانية عشر التي يضمها الكتاب بين دفتيه وما تضمنه من أفكار ومفاهيم قيمة، تجعلنا نستنتج أن ثمة ركيزتين رئيسيتين يركز عليهما الرئيس شي في سبيل تحقيق ليس فقط حلم الصين للنهضة العظيمة للأمة الصينية، وإنما أيضا تحقيق الرفاه والسعادة لدول وشعوب العالم.
Book
THz medical imaging: from in vitro to in vivo
Terahertz (THz) radiation has attracted considerable attention in medical imaging owing to its nonionizing and spectral fingerprinting characteristics. To date, most studies have focused on in vitro and ex vivo objects with water-removing pretreatment because the water in vivo excessively absorbs the THz waves, which causes deterioration of the image quality. In this review, we discuss how THz medical imaging can be used for a living body. The development of imaging contrast agents has been particularly useful to this end. In addition, we also introduce progress in novel THz imaging methods that could be more suitable for in vivo applications. Based on our discussions, we chart a developmental roadmap to take THz medical imaging from in vitro to in vivo.
Terahertz (THz) medical imaging has been widely explored in vitro and in vivo, and has demonstrated the potential to be a unique tool to complement existing medical imaging methods.A fundamental limitation for THz medical imaging in vivo is the strong THz absorption by water. Some smart nanoparticles have been proposed to work as imaging contrast agents, which suggest a way to overcome the deteriorated THz imaging contrast in a living body.The recent development of novel THz imaging methods should promote in vivo applications, such as THz holographic imaging and near-field imaging.
Journal Article
Genetics of human brain development
Brain development in humans is achieved through precise spatiotemporal genetic control, the mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. Recently, integration of technological advances in human stem cell-based modelling with genome editing has emerged as a powerful platform to establish causative links between genotypes and phenotypes directly in the human system. Here, we review our current knowledge of complex genetic regulation of each key step of human brain development through the lens of evolutionary specialization and neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight the use of human stem cell-derived 2D cultures and 3D brain organoids to investigate human-enriched features and disease mechanisms. We also discuss opportunities and challenges of integrating new technologies to reveal the genetic architecture of human brain development and disorders.In this Review, Zhou et al. discuss our current understanding of the genetic control of key steps involved in human brain development and diseases, and they describe current and emerging approaches for investigating the underlying genetic architecture.
Journal Article