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Background MicroRNAs regulate the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway, which is crucial for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) development. Explore the role of miR-217 in PMO by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Methods Taking osteoblast MC3T3-E1 as the research object, PMO model rats were further constructed. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-217 and related genes in cells and rat serum. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of related indicators in the serum of model rats. Results With the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, the relative expression level of miR-217 gradually decreases. Overexpression of miR-217 inhibits cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, while promoting cell apoptosis. Conversely, the knockdown of miR-217 elicited opposite outcomes. miR-217 was demonstrated to target OPG and thereby influence MC3T3 - E1 cells, with potential involvement of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. Additionally, the expression of miR-217 in the serum of rats with the PMO model was upregulated. Conversely, the inhibition of miR-217 demonstrated the capacity to augment bone metabolism and osteogenic differentiation in these model rats. Additionally, miR-217 was found to specifically target OPG. Knockdown of miR-217 upregulates OPG, inhibits RANKL-RANK interaction, and suppresses the NF-κB/MAPK pathways. Conclusions The expression of miR-217 is upregulated in PMO, and it may participate in the progression of the disease by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway.

We aimed to clarify the epidemiologic and clinical importance of evolutionary events that occurred in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). We collected 203 CRKP causing bloodstream infections in a tertiary hospital in China during 2013-2017. We detected a subclonal shift in the dominant clone sequence type (ST) 11 CRKP in which the previously prevalent capsular loci (KL) 47 had been replaced by KL64 since 2016. Patients infected with ST11-KL64 CRKP had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate than other CRKP-infected patients. Enhanced virulence was further evidenced by phenotypic tests. Phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrated that ST11-KL64 is derived from an ST11-KL47-like ancestor through recombination. We identified a pLVPK-like virulence plasmid carrying rmpA and peg-344 in ST11-KL64 exclusively from 2016 onward. The pLVPK-like-positive ST11-KL64 isolates exhibited enhanced environmental survival. Retrospective screening of a national collection identified ST11-KL64 in multiple regions. Targeted surveillance of this high-risk CRKP clone is urgently needed.

Pyramid-type and lattice-type sandwich structure plate members were designed and fabricated using oriented strand board as the panel and larch finger-joined lumber as the core material, while glass fiber was used as the panel reinforcing material. The mechanical properties of the four types of sandwich structure plate members were tested by four-point bending test. The test results showed that the damage forms of the plate members were mainly the debonding between the core and the panel and the bending failure of the core. It can be concluded from the mechanical properties of plate members with sandwich structure that the transfer path and efficiency between the panel and the core layer of a sandwich structure plate members have a decisive influence on the flexural performance of the specimen. The core configuration determines the relative stiffness ratio between the panel and the core. This study was able to provide reliable experimental data and theoretical support for the application of wood-based sandwich structure plate members in prefabricated temporary buildings, landscape timber structures, and other fields, in order to promote their optimized design and wide application.

Mycovirus-fungus interplay often leads to asymptomatic infections. Our study identifies p18, a novel protein from the genomovirus FgGMTV1, as a key determinant of asymptomatic infection in Fusarium graminearum . A p18-null mutant exhibits a pronounced hypovirulent phenotype. By modulating viral accumulation, p18 promotes asymptomatic infection and facilitates vertical transmission via conidia. This insight deepens our understanding of mycovirus-fungus interactions and introduces a novel strategy for biocontrol using engineered mycoviruses.

is an important genus of plant pathogenic fungi, and is widely distributed in soil and associated with plants worldwide. The diversity of mycoviruses in is increasing continuously due to the development and extensive use of state-of-the-art RNA deep sequencing techniques. To date, fully-sequenced mycoviruses have been reported in 13 species: , and . Most mycoviruses establish latent infections, but some mycoviruses such as Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1), Fusarium graminearum virus-ch9 (FgV-ch9), Fusarium graminearum hypovirus 2 (FgHV2), and f. sp. dianthi mycovirus 1 (FodV1) cause hypovirulence. Rapid advances in various omics technologies used to elucidate genes or biological processes can facilitate an improved understanding of mycovirus-host interactions. The review aims to illuminate the recent advances in studies of mycoviruses in , including those related to diversity, molecular mechanisms of virus-host interaction. We also discuss the induction and suppression of RNA silencing including the role of RNAi components as an antiviral defense response.

Nematodes are abundant, but little is known about their viruses. In this study, we report a novel partitivirus isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode species Steinernema ceratophorum, named \"Steinernema ceratophorum partitivirus 1\" (ScPV-1). The complete genome of ScPV-1 comprises two dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 (2352 bp) and dsRNA2 (2196 bp). Each dsRNA contains a single open reading frame (ORF), encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a coat protein (CP), respectively. The sequences of the RdRp and CP showed the highest similarity (47% and 33% identity, respectively) to Plasmopara viticola associated partitivirus 7 (PvAP-7). A multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp of ScPV-1 and other selected viruses indicated that ScPV-1 is a new member of the genus Betapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae.

Mycovirus‐mediated hypovirulence has the potential to control fungal diseases. However, the availability of hypovirulence‐conferring mycoviruses for plant fungal disease control is limited as most fungal viruses are asymptomatic. In this study, the virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector p26‐D4 of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1), a tripartite circular single‐stranded DNA mycovirus, is successfully constructed to convert the causal fungus of cereal Fusarium head blight (FHB) into a hypovirulent strain. p26‐D4, with an insert of a 75–150 bp fragment of the target reporter transgene transcript in both sense and antisense orientations, efficiently triggered gene silencing in Fusarium graminearum. Notably, the two hypovirulent strains, p26‐D4‐Tri101, and p26‐D4‐FgPP1, obtained by silencing the virulence‐related genes Tri101 and FgPP1 with p26‐D4, can be used as biocontrol agents to protect wheat from a fungal disease FHB and mycotoxin contamination at the field level. This study not only describes the first mycovirus‐derived VIGS system but also proves that the VIGS vector can be used to establish multiple hypovirulent strains to control pathogenic fungi. Fusarium head blight is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat, barley, and oats worldwide. Here, the first mycovirus‐induced gene‐silencing vector is successfully constructed to convert pathogenic fungi into hypovirulent strains. The obtained hypovirulent strains can be used as biocontrol agents to control wheat FHB and mycotoxin contamination. This study provides a novel approach for the biocontrol of fungal diseases.

China has been experiencing a rapid increase in the number of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 (ST11-CRKP) for decades. The emergence of hypervirulent ST11-CRKP (ST11-CR-HvKP) strains is expected to become a serious public health issue in China, considering that carbapenem resistance and virulence have converged in an epidemic clone. K. pneumoniae strains that colonize the human intestinal tract may become a reservoir of virulence and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Here, we first characterized the genotypes and antimicrobial phenotypes of ST11-CR-HvKP strains isolated from diarrheal stool samples of inpatients in Zhejiang Province, China. Active surveillance approaches based on the findings of the present study should be implemented, particularly in intensive care units, to combat the spread of ST11-CR-HvKP and to improve treatment. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 11 (ST11-CR-HvKP) in China are a great concern in the public health community. However, the underlying mechanism that enables its wide dissemination in China remains unclear. Here, we investigated the prevalence of carriage of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) among inpatients with diarrhea in a teaching hospital over 1 year to identify ST11-CR-HvKP reservoirs and to understand the genetic background and plasmid profiles of these pathogens. As assessed by stool analysis, the CPE colonization rate (12.4%) among the inpatients with diarrhea was high (12.4%). Antibiotic exposure, surgical history, and CPE positivity were correlated. Genomic investigation of 65 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates indicated a shared bacterial population in various wards. According to maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis, these isolates were partitioned into three major clades. Analysis of the wzi locus revealed three different K types (KL105, KL47, and K64) among the ST11 isolates, indicating the genetic diversity of these isolates. Genetic and sequence mapping revealed the complexity of virulence and resistance plasmid sets harbored by the isolates. These observations indicate that the dissemination of resistant bacteria is more complex than initially anticipated and possibly involves multiple K. pneumoniae ST11 lineages and a variety of virulence plasmids. Collectively, we show for the first time that stool may be a source of ST11-CR-HvKP isolates. Furthermore, the findings reveal the silent dissemination of ST11-CR-HvKP bacteria in Zhejiang Province, China. Future investigations are warranted to determine the association between rectal colonization by ST11-CR-HvKP and clinical infections. IMPORTANCE China has been experiencing a rapid increase in the number of nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 (ST11-CRKP) for decades. The emergence of hypervirulent ST11-CRKP (ST11-CR-HvKP) strains is expected to become a serious public health issue in China, considering that carbapenem resistance and virulence have converged in an epidemic clone. K. pneumoniae strains that colonize the human intestinal tract may become a reservoir of virulence and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Here, we first characterized the genotypes and antimicrobial phenotypes of ST11-CR-HvKP strains isolated from diarrheal stool samples of inpatients in Zhejiang Province, China. Active surveillance approaches based on the findings of the present study should be implemented, particularly in intensive care units, to combat the spread of ST11-CR-HvKP and to improve treatment.

Background A series of mobility and concerns about falling measurement instruments are recommended by guidelines for fall prevention in older adults for fall risk assessment. However, evidence regarding their value in evaluating and predicting fall risk is inconsistent. This study aims to examine the associations and predictive ability between these assessments and falls in community-dwelling older adults in China. Methods Mobility of 2544 participants aged 60 years was assessed at baseline using the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Eyes-Closed Unipedal Stance Test (ECUST), 30-second Chair Stand (30s-CS), and concerns about falling were assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Fall events were followed for nearly 12 months. Associations of mobility assessments and concerns about falling with falls were examined using Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline regression. The C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were employed to evaluate the predictive value of mobility assessments, concerns about falling, and additional risk factors. Results During the follow-up period, 236 (9.28%) participants reported at least one fall. Each standard deviation increase in TUG time was associated with a 1.154-fold greater risk of falls (95% CI: 1.035–1.286). Compared with participants with FES-I score ≤ 45, those with FES-I score > 45 had a 1.346-fold greater fall risk, with marginal statistical significance(95% CI: 0.995–1.822, P  = 0.054). The ECUST and the 30s-CS were not associated with fall risk in the overall sample. Nonlinear relationship was not observed between mobility assessments and fall risk. And the non-linear correlation was marginally significant between FES-I and fall risk ( P  = 0.056). The predictive accuracy of the TUG and FES-I used in isolation or in combination was poor, with C statistics ranging from 0.545 to 0.568. The predictive performance was significantly enhanced but still insufficient after baseline characteristics were incorporated into the model, with a C-statistic of 0.631 (95% CI: 0.594–0.667), an IDI of 0.013 (95% CI: 0.010–0.040) and a NRI of 0.178 (95% CI: 0.111–0.260). Conclusion The TUG test is an useful tool for evaluating fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. The FES-I has potential to identify older adults at an elevated risk of fall with a cut-off value of 45. However, their ability to predict falls is limited. Incorporating additional fall-related factors improves the predictive performance but is still inadequate.

Background This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of linc00963 on postmenopausal osteoporosis and the potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Taking MC3T3-E1 cells as the study object, a cell cycle assay was used to evaluate the effect of linc00963 on cell proliferation. mRNA levels of Runx2, OCN, collagenia-1, OPG, RANKL and RANK were detected. Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the targeting relationship between linc00963 and miR-506-3p. A postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model was established after ovariectomy in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into sham group, OVX group, linc00963 overexpression group, and blank plasmid group. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the rat femur was measured by X-ray bone densitometer. Serum linc00963 expression in rat was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of ALP, and BGP in the serum of rats was detected by ELISA. Results Cell studies have shown that linc00963 alleviates postmenopausal osteoporosis by down-regulating the expression of miR-506-3p. Animal studies showed that compared with the sham group, the serum linc00963 level, BMD, serum Ca, P, LEP, SOD, and OPG levels in the OVX group were significantly decreased, while the levels of body weight, ALP, BGP, IL-6, IL-13, RANKL, and RANK were significantly increased. Compared with the OVX group, the use of linc00963 overexpression plasmid can significantly improve the above indexes and play a corresponding therapeutic effect on menopausal osteoporosis rats. Conclusion Linc00963 is involved in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis by up-regulating miR-506-3p and activating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. Linc00963 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for postmenopausal osteoporosis.