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The sensor that simultaneously perceives bending strain and magnetic field has the potential to detect the finger bending state and hand position of the human and robot. Based on unique magneto-mechanical coupling effect of magnetostrictive materials, the proposed a bi-perceptive flexible sensor, consisting of the Co–Fe film and magnetic sensing plane coils, can realize dual information perception of strain/magnetic field through the change of magnetization state. The sensor structure and interface circuit of the sensing system are designed to provide high sensitivity and fast response, based on the input–output characteristics of the simulation model. An asynchronous multi-task deep learning method is proposed, which takes the output of the position task as the partial input of the bending state task to analyze the output information of the sensor quickly and accurately. The sensing system, integrating with the proposed model, can better predict the bending state and approach distance of human or robot hand.

Venenum Bufonis, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in Asia and has gained popularity in Western countries over the last decade. Venenum Bufonis has obvious side effects that have been observed in clinical settings, but few studies have reported on its cardiotoxicity. In this work, the cardiotoxicity of Venenum Bufonis was investigated using a 11H NMR-based metabolomics approach. The 1H NMR profiles of the serum, myocardial extracts and liver extracts of specific-pathogen-free rats showed that Venenum Bufonis produced significant metabolic perturbations dose-dependently with a distinct time effect, peaking at 2 hr after dosing and attenuating gradually. Clinical chemistry, electrocardiographic recordings, and histopathological evaluation provided additional evidence of Venenum Bufonis-induced cardiac damage that complemented and supported the metabolomics findings. The combined results demonstrated that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism perturbations were associated with the cardiac damage that results from Venenum Bufonis.

Background Urinary incontinence is a prevalent and bothersome health problem amongst women worldwide. Recognizing urinary incontinence trajectories and associated risk predictors are crucial for the prevention of urinary incontinence across the life course. Little was known about the developmental trajectories of urinary incontinence in adults. The study aims to identify the developmental trajectories of urinary incontinence from pregnancy to 4.5 years after childbirth and develop a dynamic nomogram based on the risk predictors of the incontinence trajectories. Methods This was a long-term prospective study. A total of 1243 pregnant women were enrolled in late pregnancy and followed up at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum, one year and 4.5 years postpartum. Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify unrecognized trajectories of urinary incontinence from pregnancy to 4.5 years after childbirth. Logistic regression analysis with a backward stepwise process was conducted for risk predictor selection. Decision curve analysis was applied to assess the net benefit of the nomogram. Bootstrapping procedure with 1000 resamples was performed for internal validity. Results A total of 1184 (95.3%) women who completed at least two follow-up assessments were included for trajectory analysis. Two distinct trajectories of urinary incontinence were identified with satisfactory model adequacy. Of the participants, 395 (33.4%) had persistently high risk of developing incontinence and 789 (66.6%) had low risk. Six risk predictors were associated with increased risk of developing high risk trajectory. Urinary incontinence before pregnancy was the strongest predictor (OR, 4.5; 95%CI, 3.0-6.5). A dynamic nomogram was developed by integrating the predictors, showing good predictive performance and clinical usability. Conclusions One third of women were in persistently high risk group of urinary incontinence after childbirth. UI history before pregnancy, familial predisposition, vaginal birth, older age at first birth, greater pre-pregnancy BMI and living in rural areas were associated with increased risk of persistently high risk incontinence trajectory. Preventive efforts such as weight management before pregnancy and supervised pelvic floor muscle training could be made as early as possible.

Effective management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is essential because it is one of the most prevalent diseases during pregnancy, and the consequent condition maternal hyperglycemia is closely related to considerable short- and long-term maternal and neonatal complications. Web-based interventions (WBIs), defined as therapeutic interventions offered via the web, have been implemented to assist in managing GDM owing to their advantages of high accessibility and efficiency, but findings across relevant studies are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of WBIs on glycemic control among pregnant women with GDM; examine whether specific types of intervention interactivity, format, and technology have beneficial effects on maternal glycemic control; and comprehensively assess the efficacy of WBIs in maternal behavioral outcomes, cognitive and attitudinal outcomes, mental health, maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes, and medical service use and costs among pregnant women with GDM. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from their respective inception to November 19, 2022, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Where possible, the data for all outcomes were meta-analyzed using the Stata software (version 12.0; StataCorp). Overall, 3 subgroup analyses and post hoc sensitivity analyses of maternal glycemic control parameters were performed. Overall, 25 publications arising from 21 randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included. The overall meta-analyses on glycemic control parameters demonstrated that WBIs could significantly improve fasting blood glucose (standardized mean difference=-1.764, 95% CI -2.972 to -0.557; P=.004) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (standardized mean difference=-1.433, 95% CI -2.561 to -0.304; P=.01) compared with the control group, whereas no significant effect was found on glycated hemoglobin and 1-hour postprandial blood glucose. The results of the subgroup analyses indicated that mobile app-delivered interventions with a personalized format and interactive function showed more beneficial effects on maternal glycemic control. Moreover, WBIs could significantly enhance compliance with the self-monitoring of blood glucose; increase the rate of normal vaginal delivery; and decrease the chance of emergency cesarean, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and composite neonatal complications. GDM knowledge, risk perception of the disease, self-efficacy, satisfaction with care, and medical service use of the participants in the WBI group were also improved compared with the control group. However, the effectiveness of WBIs on other secondary outcomes was either nonsignificant or uncertain. WBIs are a promising approach to GDM management. Personalized, interactive, and mobile app-delivered interventions seem more worthy of being recommended for future clinical practice. Further high-quality studies are required to verify these findings before making broad recommendations. PROSPERO CRD42022296625; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=296625.

The rapid proliferation of mobile technology and its widespread integration in education, particularly in language instruction and acquisition, as well as its effectiveness in facilitating collaborative learning, have recently sparked a surge in research focused on collaborative mobile-assisted language learning (C-MALL). This review sought to delineate the current landscape of literature on C-MALL practices, pinpoint research trends, and propose avenues for future research while providing valuable insights for C-MALL pedagogical strategies. To achieve this objective, the review adhered to the PRISMA protocol, analyzing 72 studies sourced from five databases following stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key findings encompassed: (1) an escalating yearly publication trend on C-MALL practices, with a substantial spike observed post-2019; (2) a dominant contribution from Asian nations in terms of publication volume; (3) a prevalence of studies conducted in higher education settings employing mixed-method or quantitative methodologies on small sample sizes over short durations; (4) C-MALL designs predominantly leveraging social media collaborative learning platforms via smartphones; and (5) the most prominent keywords being motivation, writing, and engagement. The implications of these findings for both researchers and educational practitioners were thoroughly deliberated upon as per the review outcomes.

Karst tiankengs are rare natural habitats, having a local microclimate different from surrounding regions. A contrast study on plant communities at the inside and outside of the primitive tiankeng was carried out by performing the qualitative analysis of species compositions of arborous and shrub layers. We found that plant communities in the primitive tiankeng belong to the subtropical moist evergreen broad-leaf forest, whereas those outside the tiankeng belong to subtropical semi-moist needle-broadleaved mixed forest. Trapped habitat of primitive karst tiankeng protects the plant communities significantly different from those in external karst ecosystems, so karst tiankeng has the great value in the plant species protection. Although the trapped habitat decreases plant species abundance inside tiankeng to some extent, highly diverse shrub species are present in the inside-tiankeng plant communities, and the primitive karst tiankeng plays an important role in the plant diversity protection. The primitive karst tiankeng is an important refugia for plant not only as a plant species protection library, but a plant diversity protection library. When implementing measures for the reduction of damages to biodiversity due to global climate changes and human activities, more attention should be paid to the primitive karst tiankeng as a small ecological refugia and biodiversity protection library.

Assessing wood moisture and density is essential to understanding ecological processes such as tree growth and wood formation. This study compared basic density and moisture content estimates for three Catalpa species (Catalpa ovata G. Don, Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey, and Catalpa fargesii Bureau) using three sampling methods (incremental cores, wood chips, and standard wood blocks). While strong correlations (r2 ≥ 0.99) were observed among all methods, the incremental core approach exhibited significant species-specific biases—overestimating density by 27.31–12.31% on average while underestimating moisture content by 5.61–30.51%. Despite its cost-effectiveness and minimal sample collection requirements, the method’s systematic deviations limit its applicability to multiple tree species. Consequently, we recommend developing species-specific linear calibration models that incorporate baseline data from standard wood block measurements to substantially improve estimation accuracy. This approach offers a practical, theory-supported solution for optimizing field sampling strategies in ecological research.

Background Stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy is closely related to the occurrence of postpartum and long-term urinary incontinence. Early pelvic floor management is of great significance in promoting the recovery of pelvic floor tissues in pregnant women. However, effective management of urinary incontinence is far from achievable owing to the low adherence of pregnant women in partaking in pelvic floor rehabilitation. As a comprehensive framework for behavioural theory, the Theoretical Domain Framework allows for comprehensive identification of behavioural determinants. Using Theoretical Domain Framework, this study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence. Methods A descriptive, qualitative design was used in this study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence based on the Theoretical Domain Framework. The data were analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive methods. Results Twenty pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence were interviewed. Seven themes were summarised and used to explain the pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours of pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence. The seven themes were (1) individual knowledge and experience of pelvic floor management, (2) judgments about expected outcomes, (3) interactions of interpersonal situations, (4) environment, resources, and decision-making processes, (5) personal goal-setting and efforts towards behaviour change, (6) emotional influences on decision-making, and (7) personal characteristics. Besides the \"Optimism\" domain, 13 of the 14 Theoretical Domains Framework domains were found to influence pregnant patients' pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours after deductive mapping of themes to the Theoretical Domains Framework. In addition, the inductive analysis generated a theme of personal characteristics that did not map to any of the Theoretical Domains Framework domains. Conclusions The pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours of pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence are complex and are affected by many factors. The findings confirm the need for multiple interventions to support pelvic floor management in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence, focusing on enhancing knowledge and skills in pelvic floor care and using appropriate behaviour change techniques (such as prompts) to provide a supportive environment.

In Luoyuan Bay, China, Sporobolus alterniflorus invasion has hindered mangrove restoration and disrupted faunal communities within mangrove habitats. This study investigated its impact on mollusk, crab, and fish assemblages across mangrove, mudflat, and invaded habitats from 2019 to 2020. Results showed that species diversity of three assemblages did not differ significantly between invaded and non-invaded mangrove habitats; however, assemblage structure was altered and functional traits declined markedly in invaded areas. Compared with non-invaded mangroves, invaded habitats showed decreases of 81.6% in mollusk density, 50.7% in mollusk biomass, 66.6% in crab density and 84.2% in crab biomass. Dominant fish species (Acanthogobius ommaturus, Liza carinata, Stolephorus chinensis) also exhibited lower body size, total size and biomass in invaded habitats. Given the close dependence of coastal residents on these faunal resources, a socioeconomic analysis of livelihood strategies was conducted, revealing Sinonovacula constricta aquaculture achieved the highest net income-to-investment ratio, 122.7% higher than nearshore fishery and 308.3% higher than shallow-sea oyster cultivation, while professional shellfish farming yielded the highest net income per hectare, 23.6% higher than oyster cultivation. Thus, both forms of shellfish aquaculture provide greater economic returns than other livelihood options. Based on these findings and niche theory, we propose a management framework: after removing S. alterniflorus, plant native mangroves (Kandelia obovata) in mid-to-high intertidal zones and lease lower flats for shellfish farming. This framework has the potential to integrate ecological restoration with local livelihoods and may inform similar efforts in other regions facing biological invasions and restoration challenges.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common public health challenge. Health-promoting behaviors such as diet and physical activity are central to preventing and controlling MetS. However, the adoption of diet and physical activity behaviors has always been challenging. An individualized mobile health (mHealth)-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel is promising in promoting health behavior change and reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, the effects of this intervention are not well understood among people with MetS in mainland China. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the individualized mHealth-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel on behavior change and ASCVD risk in people with MetS. We conducted a quasi-experimental, nonrandomized study. Individuals with MetS were recruited from the health promotion center of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province, China. The study involved 138 adults with MetS, comprising a control group of 69 participants and an intervention group of 69 participants. All participants received health education regarding diet and physical activity. The intervention group additionally received a 12-week individualized intervention through a WeChat mini program and a telephone follow-up in the sixth week of the intervention. Primary outcomes included diet, physical activity behaviors, and ASCVD risk. Secondary outcomes included diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, quality of life, and the quality and efficiency of health management services. The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were primarily used for data analysis. Data analysis was conducted based on the intention-to-treat principle using SPSS (version 25.0; IBM Corp). Baseline characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements in diet behavior, physical activity behavior, diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, physical health, and mental health after a 12-week intervention (P=.04, P=.001, P=.04, P=.04, P=.001, P=.04, P=.04, and P<.05). The intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in outcomes from pre- to postintervention evaluations (P<.001, P=.03, P<.001, P=.04, P<.001, P<.001, and P<.001). The intervention also led to enhanced health management services and quality. The individualized mHealth-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel was effective in promoting diet and physical activity behaviors in patients with MetS. Nurses and other health care professionals may incorporate the intervention into their health promotion programs.