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Background Recurrent observations have indicated the presence of deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN) among schizophrenia. There is evidence suggesting a correlation between increased dopaminergic activity and reduced MMN amplitude, but there is no consensus on whether antipsychotic medications can improve MMN deficit in schizophrenia. Methods We conducted clinical assessments, cognitive function tests, and EEG data collection and analysis on 31 drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Comprehensive evaluation tools such as PANSS and MCCB. MMN amplitude was analyzed by event-related potential (ERP) approaches, evoked theta power was analyzed by event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) approaches. Results Our findings indicate that antipsychotic treatment significantly improved clinical symptoms, as evidenced by reductions in PANSS positive, negative, general symptoms, and total scores (all p  < 0.001). Cognitive function improvements were observed in language learning, working memory, and overall MCCB scores ( p  < 0.05), although other cognitive domains showed no significant changes. However, no significant improvements were noted in MMN amplitude and evoke theta power after four weeks of antipsychotic treatment ( p  > 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that while antipsychotic medications effectively alleviate clinical symptoms, their impact on MMN amplitude and evoke theta power deficit is limited in the short term. Moreover, the amelioration of cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia is not readily discernible, and it cannot be discounted that the enhancement observed in language acquisition and working memory may be attributed to a learning effect. These findings underscore the complexity of the neurobiological mechanisms involved and highlight the need for further research to optimize individualized treatment strategies for schizophrenia. Trial Registration ChiCTR2000038961, October 10, 2020.

Background：Since 2010,two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology.However,little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics,management,and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.Methods：In the present multicenter,cross-sectional study,participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China,during two different periods （from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015）.Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire.In total,607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts,respectively.Results：STEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group （63 years vs.65 years,P =0.039）.We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension,prior percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）,and prior stroke.Over the past 5 years,the cost during hospitalization almost doubled.The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% （P 〈 0.0001）.Concurrently,the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% （P 〈 0.0001）.The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations.However,in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time （13.01% vs.10.20%,P =0.121;13.34% vs.13.66%,P =0.872）.Conclusions：Despite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies,in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved.Therefore,there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.

Triptolide （TP）, an oxygenated diterpene, has a variety of beneficial pharmacodynamic activities but its clinical applications are restricted due to severe testicular injury. This study aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms of TP-induced testicular injury in vitro and in vivo. TP （5-50000 nmol/L） dose-dependently decreased the viability of TM4 Sertoli cells with an IC50 value of 669.5- 269.45 nmol/L at 24 h. TP （125,250, and 500 nmol/L） dose-dependently increased the accumulation of ROS, the phosphorylation of JNK, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in TM4 cells. These processes were attenuated by co-treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine （NAC, 1 mmol/L）. Furthermore, TP treatment inhibited the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm into the nucleus as well as the expression of downstream genes NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductasel （NQ01）, catalase （CAT） and hemeoxygenase 1 （HO-1）, thus abrogating Nrf2-mediated defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of Nrf2 significantly potentiated TP-induced apoptosis of TM4 cells. The above results from in vitro experiments were further validated in male mice after oral administration of TP （30, 60, and 120 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, for.14 d）, as evidenced by the detected indexes, including dose-dependently decreased SDH activity, increased MDA concentration, altered testicle histomorphology, elevated caspase-3 activation, apoptosis induction, increased phosphorylation of JNK, and decreased gene expression of NQ01, CAT and HO-1 as well as nuclear protein expression of Nrf2 in testicular tissue. Our results demonstrate that TP activates apoptosis of Sertoli cells and injury of the testis via the ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway and down-regulates Nrf2 activation.

Full quantum state tomography (FQST) plays a unique role in the estimation of the state of a quantum system without a priori knowledge or assumptions. Unfortunately, since FQST requires informationally (over)complete measurements, both the number of measurement bases and the computational complexity of data processing suffer an exponential growth with the size of the quantum system. A 14-qubit entangled state has already been experimentally prepared in an ion trap, and the data processing capability for FQST of a 14-qubit state seems to be far away from practical applications. In this paper, the computational capability of FQST is pushed forward to reconstruct a 14-qubit state with a run time of only 3.35 hours using the linear regression estimation (LRE) algorithm, even when informationally overcomplete Pauli measurements are employed. The computational complexity of the LRE algorithm is first reduced from ∼1019 to ∼1015 for a 14-qubit state, by dropping all the zero elements, and its computational efficiency is further sped up by fully exploiting the parallelism of the LRE algorithm with parallel Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) programming. Our result demonstrates the effectiveness of using parallel computation to speed up the postprocessing for FQST, and can play an important role in quantum information technologies with large quantum systems.

A simple yet efficient state reconstruction algorithm of linear regression estimation (LRE) is presented for quantum state tomography. In this method, quantum state reconstruction is converted into a parameter estimation problem of a linear regression model and the least-squares method is employed to estimate the unknown parameters. An asymptotic mean squared error (MSE) upper bound for all possible states to be estimated is given analytically, which depends explicitly upon the involved measurement bases. This analytical MSE upper bound can guide one to choose optimal measurement sets. The computational complexity of LRE is O ( d 4 ) where d is the dimension of the quantum state. Numerical examples show that LRE is much faster than maximum-likelihood estimation for quantum state tomography.

In human–computer interaction interfaces, icons serve as highly symbolic elements that convey information and significantly influence the performance of visual search and other tasks. Thus, the selection of appropriate colors plays a crucial role in the design of human–computer interfaces. This study aimed to investigate the effects of icon color combinations on human visual search task performance across various cognitive load conditions. The experiment was divided into two parts, involving a cognitive load test experiment and an icon search task, wherein the former required participants to select the target icon from 16 de-colored icons, and the latter involved selecting the target icon from 16 color combinations of 8 colors (background colors: black, red, blue, and purple; foreground colors: white, yellow, green, and turquoise). A total of 20 participants (11 females and 9 males, all aged between 18 and 24 years) were recruited for this experiment to perform both tasks sequentially. Through a comprehensive consideration of factors such as the NASA-TLX scale, retrieval time, etc., the experimental results revealed that cognitive load increased with time pressure, resulting in varying optimal color combinations for different cognitive load levels. Additionally, background colors did not affect task response time under different cognitive loads, whereas white foreground color was superior to turquoise foreground color in a medium cognitive load environment. Meanwhile, our results recommend prioritizing white-on-black as the preferred color combination, given that it demonstrated excellent cognitive performance in all three cognitive load environments. Conversely, white-on-blue is not recommended as a color combination for the design of high cognitive load environments. Concerning medium cognitive load environments, yellow-on-red or white-on-purple color combinations were preferred. Finally, in low cognitive load environments, white-on-purple is recommended as the primary color combination. Overall, this study provides a theoretical reference for the future design of interactive interface icons across various contexts.

Adaptive techniques have great potential for wide application in enhancing the precision of quantum parameter estimation. We present an adaptive quantum state tomography protocol for finite dimensional quantum systems and experimentally implement the adaptive tomography protocol on two-qubit systems. In this adaptive quantum state tomography protocol, an adaptive measurement strategy and a recursive linear regression estimation algorithm are performed. Numerical results show that our adaptive quantum state tomography protocol can outperform tomography protocols using mutually unbiased bases and the two-stage mutually unbiased bases adaptive strategy, even with the simplest product measurements. When nonlocal measurements are available, our adaptive quantum state tomography can beat the Gill–Massar bound for a wide range of quantum states with a modest number of copies. We use only the simplest product measurements to implement two-qubit tomography experiments. In the experiments, we use error-compensation techniques to tackle systematic error due to misalignments and imperfection of wave plates, and achieve about a 100-fold reduction of the systematic error. The experimental results demonstrate that the improvement of adaptive quantum state tomography over nonadaptive tomography is significant for states with a high level of purity. Our results also show that this adaptive tomography method is particularly effective for the reconstruction of maximally entangled states, which are important resources in quantum information. Quantum tomography: Adaptivity improves precision Quantum state tomography is an essential task in the development of quantum technology. The key problem is to find a strategy that has a high level of estimation accuracy and is easy to experimentally implement. A group of international scientists from China and Australia presented, and experimentally tested, such a strategy, called recursively adaptive quantum state tomography (RAQST). In RAQST, no prior assumption on the state is made. Numerical results show that RAQST, even with the simplest product measurements, outperforms other proposed protocols wherein nonlocal measurements are involved. With error-compensation techniques, the authors experimentally demonstrated its superiority for two-qubit optical tomography. RAQST is particularly effective when reconstructing states with high purity, which are important resources in quantum information. Their method offers a new basis for designing effective approaches for determining a quantum state and can be widely used in quantum information experiments.

This study develops a high-performance polypropylene (PP) substrate platform by optimizing micro/macrostructures and introduces an efficient catalyst. Key findings include: (1) microstructural analysis identifies ash content impurities (>20 ppm) as triggers for partial discharge-induced insulation failure. PP molecular weights (105–106) with narrower distributions enhance mechanical strength, while functional groups (-CH2/-CH3) show no structural variations across samples. (2) Macroscopically, mixed α-β crystal interfaces increase insulation failure risks, necessitating single-crystalline structures. Higher temperatures reduce dielectric constants but increase losses, requiring environmental consideration. Crystallinity positively correlates with DC breakdown strength (443.31 kV/mm at 54.13% crystallinity). (3) Among three endo-donor catalysts, the internal electron donor 3-based catalyst achieved optimal die-test activity (47.7 kg PP/g cat·h). With 20 mL triethylamine, the catalyst reduced PP ash content by 42.1%, narrowed molecular weight distribution by 31.6%, and increased crystallinity by 8.74%. These results establish microstructure–property relationships for PP capacitors and provide technical guidelines for performance enhancement. The work addresses current limitations in PP evaluation methods and offers a practical strategy for manufacturing high-insulation PP materials through structural control and catalytic optimization.

Aberrant topological organization of whole-brain networks has been inconsistently reported in studies of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting limited sample sizes. To address this issue, we utilized a big data sample of MDD patients from the REST-meta-MDD Project, including 821 MDD patients and 765 normal controls (NCs) from 16 sites. Using the Dosenbach 160 node atlas, we examined whole-brain functional networks and extracted topological features (e.g., global and local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and degree) using graph theory-based methods. Linear mixed-effect models were used for group comparisons to control for site variability; robustness of results was confirmed (e.g., multiple topological parameters, different node definitions, and several head motion control strategies were applied). We found decreased global and local efficiency in patients with MDD compared to NCs. At the nodal level, patients with MDD were characterized by decreased nodal degrees in the somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN) and visual network (VN) and decreased nodal efficiency in the default mode network (DMN), SMN, DAN, and VN. These topological differences were mostly driven by recurrent MDD patients, rather than first-episode drug naive (FEDN) patients with MDD. In this highly powered multisite study, we observed disrupted topological architecture of functional brain networks in MDD, suggesting both locally and globally decreased efficiency in brain networks.

With the advancement of space exploration and optical communication toward deep space, the high-precision evaluation and image stabilization of space optical payloads under micro-vibration have become increasingly critical. To address these challenges and ensure sub-micro-radian pointing accuracy for high-precision space optical payloads (HPSOPs), this paper proposes a high-precision micro-vibration testing scheme and a two-stage image stabilization system. The micro-vibration testing scheme is based on an automated quasi-zero stiffness suspension device (AQZSSD), which enhances testing sensitivity and environmental disturbance resistance, ensuring the accuracy of the results. The two-stage image stabilization system integrates three bipod vibration isolation legs (BVILs) and a decoupled fast steering mirror (FSM), extending control bandwidth and achieving comprehensive vibration suppression. Micro-vibration testing and image stabilization experiments were conducted under disturbances from multiple vibration sources. Experimental results demonstrate that the AQZSSD introduces disturbances below 0.4 Hz, confirming its quasi-zero stiffness characteristics in alignment with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the line-of-sight (LOS) jitter root mean square (RMS) value is reduced from 1.253 μrad to 0.276 μrad, achieving sub-micro-radian stability. Additionally, due to the coupling effect of the micro-vibration response, the collaborative testing results were found to be lower than the linear superposition of individual sources. This work offers critical theoretical and technical support for the development of HPSOPs, with potential applications in future space missions and advanced optical technologies.