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Background Understanding tumor heterogeneity is essential for advancing cancer treatment. Clonal reconstruction methods play a pivotal role in deciphering this heterogeneity. Our goal is to develop a clonal reconstruction approach that is clinically applicable, easy to implement, and capable of delivering both high-speed performance and excellent reconstruction accuracy. Results We present MyClone, a probabilistic method designed to reconstruct the clonal composition of tumors using deep sequencing genomic data. MyClone processes read counts and copy number information of single nucleotide variants derived from deep sequencing data, enabling it to determine the mutational composition of clones and the cancer cell fractions of these mutations. Compared to existing clonal reconstruction methods, MyClone enhances clustering accuracy and cancer cell fraction prediction when applied to deep-targeted sequencing data and bulk tumor sequencing data with deep sequencing coverage. Additionally, MyClone achieves a substantial improvement in computational speed. We rigorously validated MyClone’s performance using both simulated and real clinical datasets and applied it to analyze a circulating tumor DNA sequencing dataset from 139 metastatic breast cancer patients. In this analysis, we explored mechanisms of drug resistance in metastatic breast cancer and identified 10 mutated genes potentially associated with drug resistance or sensitivity. Conclusions For deeply sequenced data, MyClone outperforms existing methods on both targeted sequencing and bulk tumor data. Its high computational efficiency and reconstruction accuracy position MyClone as a promising tool for broad clinical application in cancer treatment. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Hansen0413/myclone-code .

Background This study aims to investigate the gut microbiome alterations in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and explore the potential roles of serum IgE and IgG4 in this disease. Methods In this prospective study, we recruited a total of 34 participants, including 17 IgG4-ROD patients and 17 healthy controls (HC) from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Fecal and blood samples were collected and analyzed, including 16 S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. We assessed alpha and beta diversity to identify microbial variations among IgG4-ROD and HC, IgG4+ and IgG4-, IgE + and IgE-, and hormone-treated and untreated groups. Correlation analyses between cytokines and microbial profiles were conducted to uncover novel insights into the pathogenesis of IgG4-ROD. Results Significant differences in microbial composition were observed among subgroups. Patients with IgG4-ROD showed increases in Proteobacteria, Parvimonas , Novosphingobium , Shigella , and Allobaculum , along with decreased levels of Faecalibacterium , Barnesiella , and Weissella . The IgE + group exhibited an elevated abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, with several microbial changes overlapping between IgG4-ROD and IgE + individuals. Sphingomonas and Peptostreptococcaceae were more prevalent in the IgG4 + group, while Adlercreutzia and Acidimicrobiales were abundant in the IgG4- group. Furthermore, Ruminococcaceae were enriched in the HC and IgG4- groups. Pelomonas and Escherichia were increased in IgG4-ROD patients treated with glucocorticosteroids. Additionally, significant correlations were identified between several microbial taxa and serum cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-α, C3, and IgG4. Conclusion The findings indicate gut dysbiosis in IgG4-ROD and suggest influential roles for serum IgE and IgG4, enhancing our understanding of microbial-clinical interactions in this disease.

Purpose To evaluate the clinical features, pathological findings, treatment, and prognosis of patients with orbital natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL). Methods This retrospective study collected clinical data from 11 patients diagnosed with orbital NKTCL by pathological examination at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between November 2005 and March 2024. The patients were followed up to assess their prognosis. Results The median age of patients with orbital NKTCL was 51 years, with a slight male predominance. All cases were unilateral, with clinical presentations of eyelid or periorbital swelling, and other symptoms including decreased vision (90.9%), conjunctival congestion (90.9%), ocular motility disorders (81.8%), proptosis (63.6%), and ptosis (36.4%). All patients had surrounding tissue involvement, with the most common sites being the eyelid (11 cases), eyeball wall (7 cases), and lacrimal gland (5 cases). Additionally, 63.6% of patients had concurrent soft tissue involvement of the nasal region, while 36.4% had isolated orbital NKTCL. Pathological examination revealed diffuse proliferation and infiltration of atypical lymphocytes, occasionally with necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive expression of GrB (11 cases), CD3 (10 cases), TIA1 (9 cases), CD56 (8 cases), and EBV/EBER (10 cases). All patients underwent ocular surgery, 7 received postoperative chemotherapy, and one received concurrent local radiotherapy. Follow-up (median duration: 120 months) revealed poor prognosis, with 5 patients lost to follow-up, 5 deaths, and only one survival without recurrence. Conclusions Orbital NKTCL is highly aggressive, rapidly progressive, and has a poor prognosis. Its clinical symptoms are similar to orbital cellulitis or inflammatory pseudotumor. When anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid therapies prove ineffective, early biopsy for histopathological confirmation is strongly recommended. Upon diagnosis, prompt chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be initiated to improve the patient’s prognosis.

Background Tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution are related to the treatment resistance and disease progression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, the process of clonal evolution and their relationship to prognosis remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the evolution of MBC through circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and to develop a novel indicator for predicting treatment efficacy and prognosis. Methods This multicenter retrospective study enrolled MBC patients who underwent next-generation sequencing between April 2016 and October 2022. The clonal evolution of tumors was inferred using PyClone and CITUP software. Results The study included 406 MBC patients. A cohort of 139 patients from the National Cancer Center served as the training cohort, while 267 patients from other centers comprised the validation cohort. In the training cohort, clonal analysis revealed that most MBCs exhibited branched clonal evolution, while a minority showed linear evolution. The branched evolution pattern was associated with slower disease progression (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32–0.87; P  = 0.012). We introduced tumor clonal evolution rate (TER) as a novel concept to reflect the speed of clonal evolution. Survival analysis demonstrated that compared to the TER-high group, patients in the TER-low group had better progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.96; P  = 0.033) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24–0.85; P  = 0.013). Similarly, in the validation cohort, although the median OS was not reached, patients in the TER-low group had better prognosis compared to those in the TER-high group (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.83; P  < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with branched evolution have better treatment efficacy than those with linear evolution. The TER shows potential as a biomarker for treatment efficacy and prognosis, providing new evidence that ctDNA is a valuable molecular indicator for predicting treatment outcomes in metastatic breast cancer.

The fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (S. grosvenorii) have attracted a lot of scientific interest as part of the current healthy diet. S. grosvenorii has diverse health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, respiratory modulation, metabolic modulation, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects, as well as gastrointestinal function modulation. As a plant resource, S. grosvenorii has broad application prospects, which promotes the development of the horticultural industry. Moreover, Mogroside has attracted much attention as an important active ingredient of S. grosvenorii. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the distribution, chemical composition, health benefits, and application of S. grosvenorii, particularly Mogroside. This comprehensive exploration highlights the important therapeutic potential of S. grosvenorii, prompting further research into its applications. As value-added functional ingredients, S. grosvenorii and its constituents have significant potential for disease prevention and are widely used in the development of food and health supplements.

While generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) is accelerating digital transformation and innovation in corporate product design (CPD), limited research has explored how designers adopt this technology. This study aims to identify the key factors and causal configurations that influence designers’ intentions to adopt Gen AI in CPD. This study involved 327 in-service designers as participants, employed semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire to collect data, and applied the grounded theory and fsQCA to analyze the data. The findings indicate the following: (1) Personal innovativeness, AI technological anxiety, perceived usefulness, task–technology fit, perceived risk, social influence, and organizational support are the key factors influencing designers’ adoption of Gen AI. (2) None of these factors constitute a necessary condition for designers to adopt Gen AI. (3) High adoption intention results from the interaction of multiple factors, which can be categorized into three driving logics: “task demand-driven”, “organizational environment-driven”, and “individual characteristics-driven”. It is recommended that corporate managers establish an AI training framework, foster a supportive organizational environment, and implement tailored strategies to facilitate the integration of new technologies. This study clarifies the factors influencing designers’ adoption of Gen AI in CPD and provides a framework for companies to effectively integrate AI systems into product design.

Citrus fruits, renowned for their abundant of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, hold a prominent position as commercially grown fruits with health-promoting properties. In this context, tangerine peel (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, CRP) is garnering attention as a byproduct of citrus fruits. Within the framework of the circular economy, CRP has emerged as a focal point due to its potential health benefits. CRP, extracted from Citrus reticulata cv. and aged for over three years, has attracted increasing attention for its diverse health-promoting effects, including its anticancer, cardiovascular-protecting, gastrointestinal-modulating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Moreover, CRP positively impacts skeletal health and various physiological functions. This review delves into the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of CRP. The substantial therapeutic potential of CRP highlights the need for further research into its applications in both food and medicine. As a value-added functional ingredient, CRP and its constituents are extensively utilized in the development of food and health supplements, such as teas, porridges, and traditional medicinal formulations.

Objective To examine the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of ocular amyloidosis in a Chinese population. Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 37 patients with ocular amyloidosis were collected and the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results The 37 patients included 12 males and 25 females ranging in age from 22 to 75 years, with median age of 49 years. The clinical signs and symptoms included a conjunctival mass in 37 patients (100%), periorbital discomfort or pain in 29 patients (61.9%), ptosis in 18 patients (23.8%), exophthalmos or eyeball displacement in 3 patients (14.3%), restricted eye movement in 2 patients (9.52%), vision loss in 1 patient (4.76%), and diplopia in 1 patient (4.76%). A total of 29 patients had only conjunctival involvement and 8 patients had concomitant orbital and conjunctival involvement. The main treatment for patients with conjunctival involvement was surgical resection. Thirty-one patients had stable disease, 4 patients progressed or relapsed, and 2 patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion Ocular amyloidosis most commonly presents as an eyelid or conjunctival mass or diffuse thickening and can also present as an orbital mass. Diagnosis is mainly dependent on histopathological examination. Surgery is the main treatment and is done to confirm the diagnosis to guide further treatment, preserve function, and prevent complications that threaten visual acuity. Close postoperative follow-up is necessary. Keypoints • Ocular amyloidosis most commonly presents as an eyelid or conjunctival mass or diffuse thickening and can also present as an orbital mass. • Diagnosis is mainly dependent on histopathological examination. Surgery is the main treatment and is done to confirm the diagnosis to guide further treatment, preserve function, and prevent complications that threaten visual acuity.

The enzymatic browning and oxidative deterioration of cauliflower during mechanical processing are major challenges for the fresh-cut cauliflower industry. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of cutting styles on the antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut cauliflower during storage. One flower (12 × 1.8 cm) of cauliflower was designated as cutting style 1 (CS1). CS1 was cut longitudinally into strips as cutting style 2 (CS2). CS1 was also cut transversely into cubes, as cutting style 3 (CS3), and longitudinally and transversely into small cubes, as cutting style 4 (CS4). Results indicated that at the conclusion of the 72 h storage period, cutting treatments enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut cauliflower in the ABTS assay by 128.1%, 82.9%, 50.1%, and 38.9% for CS1, CS2, CS3, and CS4, respectively. All treatment groups except CS1 exhibited increased total antioxidant capacity in the FRAP assay. Phenolic compound accumulation increased by 106.82%, 105.24%, 270.4%, and 295.3% in CS1, CS2, CS3, and CS4, respectively. In addition, the O2−· scavenging activity was enhanced; the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were also increased. In conclusion, the extent of the effect on antioxidant capacity was as follows: CS4 > CS3 > CS2 > CS1. This study has elucidated the patterns of influence exerted by cutting methods upon the quality of fresh-cut cauliflower, thereby providing theoretical foundations and empirical data to inform the selection of appropriate cutting techniques for both commercial processing and domestic culinary applications.

This study aims to address the clinical needs of hemiplegic and stroke patients with lower limb motor impairments, including gait abnormalities, muscle weakness, and loss of motor coordination during rehabilitation. To achieve this, it proposes an innovative design method for a lower limb rehabilitation training system based on Bayesian networks and parallel mechanisms. A Bayesian network model is constructed based on expert knowledge and structural mechanics analysis, considering key factors such as rehabilitation scenarios, motion trajectory deviations, and rehabilitation goals. By utilizing the motion characteristics of parallel mechanisms, we designed a rehabilitation training device that supports multidimensional gait correction. A three-dimensional digital model is developed, and multi-posture ergonomic simulations are conducted. The study focuses on quantitatively assessing the kinematic characteristics of the hip, knee, and ankle joints while wearing the device, establishing a comprehensive evaluation system that includes range of motion (ROM), dynamic load, and optimization matching of motion trajectories. Kinematic analysis verifies that the structural design of the device is reasonable, aiding in improving patients’ gait, enhancing strength, and restoring flexibility. The Bayesian network model achieves personalized rehabilitation goal optimization through dynamic probability updates. The design of parallel mechanisms significantly expands the range of joint motion, such as enhancing hip sagittal plane mobility and reducing dynamic load, thereby validating the notable optimization effect of parallel mechanisms on gait rehabilitation.