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Hot extremes pose adverse impacts on human health and ecosystem, leading to aggravated damage when they combine high-humidity and occur in the both daytime and nighttime. Although considerable studies have focused on hot extremes, understandings about day–night Compound humid heat (quantified by Moist Enthalpy) Extremes (CMEEs) are still lacking. This work investigates their frequency, linear trends and temporal persistence in the Northern Hemisphere, and two typical vulnerable regions are selected as Central Europe (CE) and the Arabian Peninsula (AP), both exhibiting high frequency and positive trends, but with contrasting persistence, which is quantified by the bivariate Dynamical System method. Results reveal their regional dependence and physical processes: the dual importance of sensible and latent heat in CE is attributed to the combination of an anomalous anticyclone and evaporation, whereas the dominance of latent heat in AP is largely owing to the convective precipitation. CMEEs in AP can be further divided into two groups with distinct persistence, and this disparity actually depends on the preceding precipitation duration and its associated water vapor supply.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for advanced electrical energy storage systems owing to low cost, intrinsic safety, environmental benignity, and decent energy densities. Currently, significant research efforts are being made to develop high‐performance positive electrodes for ZIBs. Nevertheless, there are still many obstacles to be overcome in pursuit of the comprehensive performance of cathode materials, including specific capacity, structural stability, rate performance, and so forth. Many manganese‐based compounds have become the hotspots in the study of ZIB cathodes due to their advantages of natural abundance, less toxicity, and high operating voltage. Here, different energy storage mechanisms of various kinds of manganese‐based compounds are summarized. Electrochemical results of manganese‐based cathodes are compared and analyzed. Moreover, optimization strategies for addressing existing issues of these materials and improving ZIBs are discussed in detail. Crystal structures, reaction mechanisms, and optimizing strategies of manganese‐based materials for zinc‐ion batteries.

Extreme cold events have a great impact on environment and human health. The occurrence of winter extreme cold events (WECEs) in the Northern Hemisphere is usually modulated by circulations over different specific regions. However, how to detect and quantify the effects of these coupled circulations over different regions on WECEs is still unclear. In this study, the dynamic system method is extended with lags to investigate the modulation of coupled Ural (UR) and Okhotsk (OK) circulation fields on WECEs over East Asia. Taking the dynamical lead-lag relationship into account of the interaction between the circulations over these two regions, contributions of the modulation of coupled Ural (UR) and Okhotsk (OK) circulation fields to WECEs over East Asia are mainly classified into two distinct categories. When the circulation fields over OK dynamically lag behind those over UR, WECEs are mainly controlled by Ural blocking and polar vortex splitting. The development and decay of the upstream Ural Ridge promote the movement of the downstream trough to lead to the circulation turning meridional-oriented, together with the polar vortex from strong to weak and splitting southwards. Then cold air is guided to move southwards to form winter cold events over a larger domain beyond East Asia. Whereas, when the circulation fields over UR dynamically lag behind those over OK, there exist North and South branches of the circulation, with the North one mainly controlled by UR and OK blockings and the South one mainly controlled by a cyclone over the sea surface. Two blockings move towards each other and create a larger blocking which results in enhanced meridional flow, cyclone moves eastwards by transporting water vapor to a cool surface and forms weaker winter cold events over a confined domain within East Asia.

Given the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, the effects of nonantibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations (NAGPCs) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers were evaluated. All birds were fed pellets of two basal diets—starter (0–21 d) and grower (22–42 d)—with either enramycin (ENR) or NAGPC supplemented. 1) control + ENR; 2) control diet (CON, basal diet); 3) control + mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) + mannanase (MAN) + sodium butyrate (SB) (MMS); 4) control + MOS + MAN + Bacillus subtilis (BS) (MMB); 5) control + MOS + fruit oligosaccharide (FOS) + SB (MFS); 6) control + FOS + BS (MFB); 7) control + MOS + FOS + MAN (MFM); 8) control + MOS + BS + phytase (PT) (MBP). ENR, MOS, FOS, SB, MAN, PT, and BS were added at 100, 2,000, 9,000, 1,500, 300, 37, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment used a completely random block design with six replicates per group: 2400 Ross 308 broilers in the starter phase and 768 in the grower phase. All NAGPCs significantly improved body weight gain (P < 0.01), utilization of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P < 0.05), villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) at d 21 and 42. MMS, MMB, MFB, and MFM duodenum trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) at d 21 and 42. On d 21 and 42, MMS, MMB, and MBP increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides whereas MMB, MFB, and MBP decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria , compared to ENR and CON. Overall, the NAGPCs were found to have some beneficial effects and may be used as effective antibiotic replacements in broilers.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as depression severely impair human health. Targeted inhibition of the GluN1-GluN2A receptor is a promising therapeutic strategy, but current drugs often have adverse effects. To develop novel candidate drugs, this study utilized the (S)-ketamine and GluN1-GluN2A receptor complex as a structural template and conducted de novo drug design with the DrugFlow platform. An integrated strategy of molecular docking-based virtual screening combined with high-throughput binding free energy (∆Gbinding) calculations from large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified three promising antagonists. The ∆Gbinding values of these compounds are all below −18.98 kcal/mol, indicating stronger binding affinity than (S)-ketamine, and they demonstrate promising drug-like properties and development potential. 200-ns MD simulations confirmed their stable receptor binding and mechanism consistent with (S)-ketamine. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that, at a concentration of 10 μM, Compounds A1, A2, and A3 produced concentration-dependent inhibition of GluN1-GluN2A receptor-mediated currents, with fractional inhibition values of 24.26%, 35.36%, and 41.76%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the compounds’ potential as CNS disorder therapeutics, requiring further experiments to validate efficacy and advance development for conditions like depression.

IntroductionPerineal warm compresses in the second stage of labour have been demonstrated by clinical guidelines as an effective intervention for improving perineal outcomes and mothers’ psychological well-being, yet their adoption in clinical practice remains suboptimal. Therefore, this study aims to bridge the evidence-practice gap through the application of implementation science models and frameworks to facilitate clinical adoption. The investigation will systematically explore the barriers and facilitators to the application of perineal warm compresses in the second stage of labour and subsequently develop a corresponding implementation strategy addressing identified barriers.Methods and analysisThis study was guided by the PEDALs model. Using a scoping review and a parallel mixed-methods study to systematically investigate the barriers and facilitators to the application of perineal warm compresses in the second stage of labour. The identified barriers and facilitators were mapped to the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Then we will use a modified nominal group technique to determine seven priority barriers that need to be addressed. These barriers will be input into the CFIR-ERIC implementation strategy matching tool to obtain expert-recommended implementation strategies. Finally, the Delphi method will be employed to select and refine the implementation strategies into a clear and actionable implementation strategy bundle.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Medical University, with approval number 2024043. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Study findings will be disseminated through articles in scientific, peer-reviewed journals, and at national and international conferences. This study will begin in August 2025 and be completed in June 2026.

Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) heavily depends on the completeness of landslide inventories and the interpretability of predictive models. Conventional inventories, based solely on historical records, often fail to identify newly occurring or slow-moving landslides, leading to biased susceptibility estimates. To address this limitation, this study proposes a dynamic LSA framework that integrates multi-source remote sensing data, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) modeling, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), with a case study in Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, China. This study jointly uses multi-temporal optical remote sensing imagery and Sentinel-1 InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) deformation data to update the landslide inventory. Compared with the historical inventory containing 334 landslide points, the updated inventory incorporates an additional 140 deformation-related landslide hazard points. XGBoost models were developed using conditioning factors selected through multicollinearity analysis to evaluate the influence of inventory completeness on model performance. Results show that the model based on the updated inventory achieves a significant improvement in predictive accuracy. SHAP-based interpretation reveals that distance to roads and maximum deformation rate are the dominant factors controlling landslide occurrence, reflecting the combined effects of human activities and dynamic ground deformation. The resulting susceptibility map shows that the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value for susceptibility zoning of the updated sample increases from 0.857 to 0.928, with high and very high susceptibility zones occupying 8.28% of the study area. Overall, the proposed framework improves both the accuracy and interpretability of LSA and demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-source remote sensing data for dynamic landslide hazard assessment in mountainous regions.

The development of stable and sensitive fluorescent sensors for metal ion detection remains a challenge in materials chemistry. Although hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have shown great potential in luminescent applications, their practical use is often limited by structural instability. In this work, we present a novel charge-assisted HOF, termed FDU-HOF-21 ([H(NH2Bpy)]2(TPE)), constructed from a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based carboxylic acid ligand (H4TCPE) and 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diamine (NH2Bpy). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) reveals a stable three-dimensional framework stabilized by an extensive hydrogen-bonding network and reinforced by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds (CAHBs), and it exhibits exceptional stability across various solvents and pH conditions. Moreover, FDU-HOF-21 serves as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent turn-on sensor for Al3+ ions, with a lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 × 10−6 M. Characterization and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal that the fluorescence enhancement originates from the suppression of non-radiative decay likely due to the reduction in intermolecular charge transfer (Inter-CT) during the emission process, coupled with the restricted intramolecular rotation upon Al3+ chelation.

Heat extremes including heatwaves have an adverse impact not only on ecosystems but also on human health. The impact can be seriously exacerbated when both spatial extension and compound factors (such as humidity) are included. However, a unified frame combining compound humidity-heat extremes with their regional extension has received little scientific attention. This study solves this problem by taking the evolution of daily mean 2 m air temperature (Tmean) and relative humidity (RH) over a large domain as two dynamical systems (DSs), then the instantaneous coupling index from the DS method combined with clustering analysis can sort out the regional compound humidity-heat extremes with distinct spatial organized structures. Among them, the compound humidity-heat extremes with dipole Tmean and RH patterns may be missed by the methods based on regional averaging or undiscerned by DS method. Moreover, the mechanisms behind these regional compound humidity-heat extremes with dipole pattern are distinctive on both dynamics and thermodynamics, with a dipole structure found in the atmospheric low-level circulation. These novel findings can contribute considerably to the in-depth understanding on the compound humidity-heat extremes and their mechanisms.

Background We aimed to characterise the molecular effects of treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacitidine and an PIM-2 inhibitor, focusing on their potential synergistic effects. Methods MDS cells were subjected to proliferation assays to assess the effects of each drug independently and in combination. The synergy of the drugs in promoting the apoptosis of MDS cells via NF-κB signalling pathway inhibition was evaluated. Results Our results suggested that azacitidine and the PIM-2 inhibitor have synergistic effects in inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of MDS cells. Furthermore, the combined application of azacitidine and PIM-2 inhibitor synergistically inhibited the NF-κB pathway, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in MDS cells. Conclusion Administration of a small molecule PIM-2 inhibitor in combination with the epigenetic drug azacitidine is one of the effective ways to treat MDS. Our study lays a foundation for future clinical trials in patients with MDS. Graphical abstract