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"Guo, Yue"
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Electronic metal–support interaction modulates single-atom platinum catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction
Tuning metal–support interaction has been considered as an effective approach to modulate the electronic structure and catalytic activity of supported metal catalysts. At the atomic level, the understanding of the structure–activity relationship still remains obscure in heterogeneous catalysis, such as the conversion of water (alkaline) or hydronium ions (acid) to hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER). Here, we reveal that the fine control over the oxidation states of single-atom Pt catalysts through electronic metal–support interaction significantly modulates the catalytic activities in either acidic or alkaline HER. Combined with detailed spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations, the structure–activity relationship is established by correlating the acidic/alkaline HER activity with the average oxidation state of single-atom Pt and the Pt–H/Pt–OH interaction. This study sheds light on the atomic-level mechanistic understanding of acidic and alkaline HER, and further provides guidelines for the rational design of high-performance single-atom catalysts.
Insights into the rational design of single-atom metal catalysts remains obscure in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, the authors establish the atomic-level structure–activity relationship for a wide-pH-range hydrogen evolution reaction through the electronic metal–support interaction modulation.
Journal Article
بيان الدورة العامة الحادية عشرة للجنة المركزية المنبثقة عن المؤتمر الوطني الثامن للحزب الشيوعي الصيني : (أقر في 12 أغسطس-آب-عام 1966)
عقدت الدورة العامة الحادية عشرة للجنة المركزية المنبثقة عن المؤتمر الوطني الثامن للحزب الشيوعي الصيني في بكين من 1 الى 12 أغسطس (آب) عام 1966، وقد ترأس الدورة العامة الحادية عشرة الرفيق ماو تسي تونغ، وحضرها أعضاء اللجنة المركزية وأعضاؤها المرشحون : وحضرها كذلك الرفاق من مختلف المكاتب الاقليمية للجنة المركزية ومن لجان الحزب في المقاطعات والبلديات والمناطق ذات الحكم الذاتي وأعضاء فرقة الثورة الثقافية للجنة المركزية والرفاق في الدوائر المعنية للجنة المركزية وممثلو المدرسين والطلاب الثوريين في الجامعات والمعاهد العليا بالعاصمة . وقد أقرت الدورة العامة الحادية عشرة بعد المناقشة « قرار اللجنة المركزية للحزب الشيوعي الصيني حول الثورة الثقافية البروليتارية الكبرى » . كما صادقت الدورة العامة بعد النقاش على القرارات السياسية المهمة والاجراءات المهمة فيما يختص بالمسائل الداخلية والخارجية التي أجازها المكتب السياسي للجنة المركزية منذ الدورة العامة العاشرة للجنة المركزية المنبثقة عن المؤتمر الوطني الثامن التي عقدت في سبتمبر (أيلول) عام 1962.
Book
Conversion therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine: Current status, challenges and opportunities
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract, is characterized by a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, primarily due to its initial diagnosis at an advanced stage that precludes any surgical intervention. Recent advancements in systemic therapies have significantly improved oncological outcomes for intermediate and advanced‐stage HCC, and the combination of locoregional and systemic therapies further facilitates tumor downstaging and increases the likelihood of surgical resectability for initially unresectable cases following conversion therapies. This shift toward high conversion rates with novel, multimodal treatment approaches has become a principal pathway for prolonged survival in patients with advanced HCC. However, the field of conversion therapy for HCC is marked by controversies, including the selection of potential surgical candidates, formulation of conversion therapy regimens, determination of optimal surgical timing, and application of adjuvant therapy post‐surgery. Addressing these challenges and refining clinical protocols and research in HCC conversion therapy is essential for setting the groundwork for future advancements in treatment strategies and clinical research. This narrative review comprehensively summarizes the current strategies and clinical experiences in conversion therapy for advanced‐stage HCC, emphasizing the unresolved issues and the path forward in the context of precision medicine. This work not only provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of treatment modalities for conversion therapy but also paves the way for future studies and innovations in this field. Setting a foundation for future research and advancements in HCC treatment, aligning with the emerging paradigm of precision medicine; addressing the need for a holistic approach in managing advanced‐stage HCC, and advocating for a balance between aggressive treatment and quality of life considerations.
Journal Article
A gridded global data set of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposit thicknesses for regional and global land surface modeling
Earth's terrestrial near‐subsurface environment can be divided into relatively porous layers of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposits above unweathered bedrock. Variations in the thicknesses of these layers control the hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of landscapes. Currently, Earth System Models approximate the thickness of these relatively permeable layers above bedrock as uniform globally, despite the fact that their thicknesses vary systematically with topography, climate, and geology. To meet the need for more realistic input data for models, we developed a high‐resolution gridded global data set of the average thicknesses of soil, intact regolith, and sedimentary deposits within each 30 arcsec (∼1 km) pixel using the best available data for topography, climate, and geology as input. Our data set partitions the global land surface into upland hillslope, upland valley bottom, and lowland landscape components and uses models optimized for each landform type to estimate the thicknesses of each subsurface layer. On hillslopes, the data set is calibrated and validated using independent data sets of measured soil thicknesses from the U.S. and Europe and on lowlands using depth to bedrock observations from groundwater wells in the U.S. We anticipate that the data set will prove useful as an input to regional and global hydrological and ecosystems models. Key Points: We have quantified the thicknesses of permeable layers above bedrock for Earth System Models We distinguish among uplands and lowlands, using optimal models for each to predict depth to bedrock The data set honors the geologic, topographic, and climatic controls on permeable layer thicknesses
Journal Article
PL-VIO: Tightly-Coupled Monocular Visual–Inertial Odometry Using Point and Line Features
To address the problem of estimating camera trajectory and to build a structural three-dimensional (3D) map based on inertial measurements and visual observations, this paper proposes point–line visual–inertial odometry (PL-VIO), a tightly-coupled monocular visual–inertial odometry system exploiting both point and line features. Compared with point features, lines provide significantly more geometrical structure information on the environment. To obtain both computation simplicity and representational compactness of a 3D spatial line, Plücker coordinates and orthonormal representation for the line are employed. To tightly and efficiently fuse the information from inertial measurement units (IMUs) and visual sensors, we optimize the states by minimizing a cost function which combines the pre-integrated IMU error term together with the point and line re-projection error terms in a sliding window optimization framework. The experiments evaluated on public datasets demonstrate that the PL-VIO method that combines point and line features outperforms several state-of-the-art VIO systems which use point features only.
Journal Article
Impact of Children’s Perception of Marital Conflict on Their Interpersonal Skills
This study aims to explore the impact of children’s perception of marital conflict on their interpersonal skills. Data from 203 high school students aged 15-18 were collected through a questionnaire survey. The study found that children’s perception of marital conflict significantly affects their interpersonal skills, with conflict resolution and conflict content being key factors. Children with stronger conflict resolution skills tend to have better interpersonal skills; however, conflict content is negatively correlated with interpersonal skills. Additionally, there is a significant positive correlation between conflict intensity, frequency, threat, coping efficacy, and self-attribution and interpersonal skills, although there is no significant correlation between conflict content and interpersonal skills. Regression analysis revealed that conflict resolution and conflict content have the most significant impact on interpersonal skills, with positive and negative effects, respectively. The model has a good overall fit, explaining 58.3% of the variance in the dependent variable. Mediation analysis concluded that conflict frequency and intensity primarily exert a complete negative influence on the total interpersonal score through the mediating variable of conflict content, while conflict resolution mainly exerts a partial positive influence on the total interpersonal score through the same mediator variable.
Journal Article
Sepsis Biomarkers: Advancements and Clinical Applications—A Narrative Review
Sepsis is now defined as a life-threatening syndrome of organ dysfunction triggered by a dysregulated host response to infection, posing significant challenges in critical care. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the potential of emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and accurate prognosis in sepsis management, which are pivotal for enhancing patient outcomes. Despite advances in supportive care, traditional biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have limitations, and recent studies have identified novel biomarkers with increased sensitivity and specificity, including circular RNAs, HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA, microRNA-486-5p, protein C, triiodothyronine, and prokineticin 2. These emerging biomarkers hold promising potential for the early detection and prognostication of sepsis. They play a crucial role not only in diagnosis but also in guiding antibiotic therapy and evaluating treatment effectiveness. The introduction of point-of-care testing technologies has brought about a paradigm shift in biomarker application, enabling swift and real-time patient evaluation. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, notably concerning biomarker variability and the lack of standardized thresholds. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sepsis biomarker research, spotlighting the progress and clinical implications. It emphasizes the significance of multi-biomarker strategies and the feasibility of personalized medicine in sepsis management. Further verification of biomarkers on a large scale and their integration into clinical practice are advocated to maximize their efficacy in future sepsis treatment.
Journal Article
Estimating Irrigation Water Consumption Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing Data in Kansas High Plains
Groundwater-based irrigation has dramatically expanded over the past decades. It has important implications for terrestrial water, energy fluxes, and food production, as well as local to regional climates. However, irrigation water use is hard to monitor at large scales due to various constraints, including the high cost of metering equipment installation and maintenance, privacy issues, and the presence of illegal or unregistered wells. This study estimates irrigation water amounts using machine learning to integrate in situ pumping records, remote sensing products, and climate data in the Kansas High Plains. We use a random forest regression to estimate the annual irrigation water amount at a reprojected spatial resolution of 6 km based on various data, including remotely sensed vegetation indices and evapotranspiration (ET), land cover, near-surface meteorological forcing, and a satellite-derived irrigation map. In addition, we assess the value of ECOSTRESS ET products for irrigation water use estimation and compare with the baseline results by using MODIS ET. The random forest regression model can capture the temporal and spatial variability of irrigation amounts with a satisfactory accuracy (R2 = 0.82). It performs reasonably well when it is calibrated on the western portion of the study area and tested on the eastern portion that receives more rain than the western one, suggesting its potential transferability to other regions. ECSOTRESS ET and MODIS ET yield a similar irrigation estimation accuracy.
Journal Article
Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study
Although studies have provided estimates of premature deaths attributable to either heat or cold in selected countries, none has so far offered a systematic assessment across the whole temperature range in populations exposed to different climates. We aimed to quantify the total mortality burden attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature, and the relative contributions from heat and cold and from moderate and extreme temperatures.
We collected data for 384 locations in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, UK, and USA. We fitted a standard time-series Poisson model for each location, controlling for trends and day of the week. We estimated temperature–mortality associations with a distributed lag non-linear model with 21 days of lag, and then pooled them in a multivariate metaregression that included country indicators and temperature average and range. We calculated attributable deaths for heat and cold, defined as temperatures above and below the optimum temperature, which corresponded to the point of minimum mortality, and for moderate and extreme temperatures, defined using cutoffs at the 2·5th and 97·5th temperature percentiles.
We analysed 74 225 200 deaths in various periods between 1985 and 2012. In total, 7·71% (95% empirical CI 7·43–7·91) of mortality was attributable to non-optimum temperature in the selected countries within the study period, with substantial differences between countries, ranging from 3·37% (3·06 to 3·63) in Thailand to 11·00% (9·29 to 12·47) in China. The temperature percentile of minimum mortality varied from roughly the 60th percentile in tropical areas to about the 80–90th percentile in temperate regions. More temperature-attributable deaths were caused by cold (7·29%, 7·02–7·49) than by heat (0·42%, 0·39–0·44). Extreme cold and hot temperatures were responsible for 0·86% (0·84–0·87) of total mortality.
Most of the temperature-related mortality burden was attributable to the contribution of cold. The effect of days of extreme temperature was substantially less than that attributable to milder but non-optimum weather. This evidence has important implications for the planning of public-health interventions to minimise the health consequences of adverse temperatures, and for predictions of future effect in climate-change scenarios.
UK Medical Research Council.
Journal Article