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In the InSAR solution, the uneven distribution of permanent scatterer candidates (PSCs) or slowly decoherent filtering phase (SDFP) pixel density in a region of variable radar reflection feature can cause local low accuracy in single interferometry. PSCs with higher-order coherence in Permanent Scatter InSAR (PS-InSAR) are generally distributed in those point targets of urban built-up areas, and SDFP pixels in Small Baseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) are generally distributed in those distributed targets of countryside vegetation areas. According to the respective reliability of PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR for different radar reflection features, a new land subsidence monitoring method is proposed, which combines PS-SBAS InSAR by data fusion of different interferometry in different radar reflection regions. Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering analysis is carried out on the density of PSCs with higher-order coherence in PS-InSAR processing to zone the region of variable radar reflection features for acquiring the boundary of data fusion. The vector monitoring data of PS-InSAR is retained in the dense region of PSCs with higher-order coherence, and the vector monitoring data of SBAS-InSAR is used in the sparse region of PSCs with higher-order coherence. The vertical displacements from PS-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR are integrated to obtain the optimal land subsidence. The verification case of 38 SAR images acquired by the Sentinel-1A in Suzhou city indicates that the proposed method can automatically choose a matched interferometry technique according to the variability of radar reflection features in the region and improve the accuracy of using a single interferometry method. The integrated method of the combined field is more representative of overall subsidence characteristics than the PS-InSAR-only or SBAS-InSAR-only results, and it is better suited for the assessment of the impact of land subsidence over the study area. The research results of this paper can provide a useful comprehensive reference for city planning and help decrease land subsidence in Suzhou.

Gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) grading is a simple and reproducible parameter. There is limited information about the association between GEFV abnormality and novel parameters in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms by the Lyon Consensus. To investigate the value of GEFV grading in GERD, the clinical data of 320 patients with GERD symptoms who underwent endoscopy, 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring, and high-resolution manometry (HRM) were retrospectively analyzed. The percentage of acid exposure time (AET%)(4.2 [1.5–7.4] vs. 1.3 [0.3–4.2], P  < 0.001) and the proportion of abnormal esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology (71 [87.7%] vs. 172 [72.0%], P  = 0.011) were significantly higher, while the mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) (2068.3 [1658.4–2432.4] vs. 2228.5 [1794.8–2705.3]Ω, P  = 0.012) and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) (19.7 [13.9–29.0] vs. 33.3 [25.0–44.0]%, P  < 0.001) were significantly lower in the abnormal GEFV group compared with the normal GEFV group. AET% and EGJ morphology showed positive correlations with GEFV grade, while PSPWI and MNBI showed negative correlations. Patients with an abnormal GEFV had a significantly greater risk of conclusive evidence of GERD compared to those with a normal GEFV (OR 3.035, 95% CI 1.758–5.240, P  < 0.001). Further, when identifying patients with conclusive evidence of GERD, abnormal GEFV had a specificity of 80.4% (95% CI 75.3–85.5%). GEFV grading might be regarded as supportive evidence for GERD diagnosis.

To increase the available land area, a large-scale land remediation campaign was carried out in the loess hilly and gully area. A large number of high and steep slopes have been produced in the construction of road engineering and water conservancy engineering, and these slopes will cause serious soil erosion under rainfall conditions. Because rainfall runoff is simultaneously affected by slope, bed surface and rainfall, the runoff movement characteristics are complex. It is difficult to consider all influencing factors in the existing models, especially for steep slopes. In this study, artificial rainfall experiments were conducted to study the rainfall-runoff hydraulic processes under different rainfall intensities and slope gradients, and a modified method was proposed to model the key hydraulic parameters (i.e., equilibrium time, water surface line, and runoff processes) on steep slopes. The results showed that (1) For steep slopes (a 70° slope compared to a 5° slope), the runoff generation time, confluence time and equilibrium time of the slope decreased significantly. At the same time, the single width runoff of the steep slope had a power function relationship with the rainfall intensity and gradient. (2) The runoff patterns of steep slopes were different from those on gentle slopes and runoff patterns were more likely to change. The Reynolds number and Froude number for slope flow changed slowly when the slope was less than the critical gradient and increased significantly when the slope exceeded the critical gradient. (3) Based on the analysis of the “double turbulent model theory of thin-layer flow on a high-steep slope”, combined with the dispersed motion wave model, a modified method for calculating the hydrodynamic factors of rainfall runoff was proposed. Then, this method was verified with indoor and outdoor experiments. The research results not only have theoretical significance, but also provide a more accurate calculation method for the design of high and steep slopes involved in land treatment engineering, road engineering and water conservancy engineering.

In complex geological environments, the morphology, orientation and distribution characteristics of cracks in the rock directly affect the stability assessment for rock masses and engineering safety decisions. However, the traditional manual interpretation method is inefficient and influenced by subjective factors, which makes it tough to fulfill the requirements for high-precision and automated detection. Especially in the rock specimen analysis of prefabricated multi-angle cracks, image quality and algorithm adaptability have emerged as the critical bottlenecks restricting the identification accuracy. For this reason, it is pressingly essential to realize high-precision and automatic identification in the crack tip of the rock. Firstly, in this study, SCB semi-circular disk specimens are exposed to three-point bending loading, which is sandstone with prefabricated cracks at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°. The microsecond-level expansion process of multi-directional cracks is monitored by utilizing an ultrafast camera in the rock specimens. Secondly, three equalization methods are applied to the collected crack images of the rock specimens, including HE, AHE, and CLAHE, to enhance the accuracy of identifying cracks in the rock specimens. And the preprocessed crack images of the rock specimens are compared, which reveals the CLAHE method possesses the optimum preprocessing effect. Based on this, pixel-level annotations are performed on the pretreated crack images, and a dataset is established about cracks in the rock specimen at five different angles. The Deeplabv3 network and the U-Net network are adopted to build cracks recognition models of the rock specimen to predict and identify the crack tips on the rock. The final results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of the U-net model is able to reach up to 99.4%, the precision is capable of amount to 97.3%, and the recall rate can attain to 95.6%, in the cracks identification of the rock sample with various angles. The recognition accuracy, the precision, and the recall rate of the U-net model have increased by 0.5%, 2.3%, and 4.3% respectively compared with the Deeplabv3 model. The research results provide new ideas for the intelligent detection of cracks in the rock mass, which offer high-confidence data support for engineering decisions in complex geological environments.

The propagation of Bloch waves in one dimensional phononic crystal consisting of dielectric elastic solids is studied with consideration of the strain gradient, inertial gradient and flexoelectric effects. The transfer matrixes for single layer and one-cell of phononic structure are derived based on the constitutive equations and the governing equations of dielectric elastic solids. The dispersion equation for Bloch waves is obtained by the application of periodic conditions for the generalized displacements and tractions considered within strain gradient theory of electro-elasticity. Based on the numerical solution of the derived dispersion equation, the influences of the micro-stiffness length scale, micro-inertial length scale and flexoelectric coefficients on the dispersion and the bandgap are discussed.

An enhanced NADH/NAD + ratio, termed reductive stress, is associated with many diseases. However, whether a downstream sensing pathway exists to mediate pathogenic outcomes remains unclear. Here, we generate a soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Escherichia coli ( Ec STH), which can elevate the NADH/NAD + ratio and meantime reduce the NADPH/NADP + ratio. Additionally, we fuse Ec STH with previously described Lb NOX (a water-forming NADH oxidase from Lactobacillus brevis ) to resume the NADH/NAD + ratio. With these tools and by using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screens and metabolic profiling in mammalian cells, we find that accumulated NADH deregulates PRPS2 (Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 2)-mediated downstream purine biosynthesis to provoke massive energy consumption, and therefore, the induction of energy stress. Blocking purine biosynthesis prevents NADH accumulation-associated cell death in vitro and tissue injury in vivo. These results underscore the pathophysiological role of deregulated purine biosynthesis in NADH accumulation-associated disorders and demonstrate the utility of Ec STH in manipulating NADH/NAD + and NADPH/NADP + . Reductive stress, reflected by the elevated intracellular NADH/NAD + ratio, is associated with multiple human diseases. Here, the authors develop a genetic tool to manipulate the ratios of cellular NADH/NAD + and NADPH/NADP + , and identify purine biosynthesis as an NADH-sensing pathway to mediate reductive stress.

Mechanoelectrical energy conversion is a potential solution for the power supply of miniaturized wearable and implantable systems; yet it remains challenging due to limited current output when exploiting low-frequency motions with soft devices. We report a design of a hydrogel generator with mechanoionic current generation amplified by orders of magnitudes with engineered structural and chemical asymmetry. Under compressive loading, relief structures in the hydrogel intensify net ion fluxes induced by deformation gradient, which synergize with asymmetric ion adsorption characteristics of the electrodes and distinct diffusivity of cations and anions in the hydrogel matrix. This engineered mechanoionic process can yield 4 mA (5.5 A m −2 ) of peak current under cyclic compression of 80 kPa applied at 0.1 Hz, with the transferred charge reaching up to 916 mC m −2 per cycle. The high current output of this miniaturized hydrogel generator is beneficial for the powering of wearable devices, as exemplified by a controlled drug-releasing system for wound healing. The demonstrated mechanisms for amplifying mechanoionic effect will enable further designs for a variety of self-powered biomedical systems. Mechanoelectric energy conversion is a potential solution for the power supply of soft devices, but the low current output for low frequency motions limits its applicability. Here, the authors report a hydrogel generator with mechanoionic current generation amplified by orders of magnitudes and its application as controlled drug-releasing system for wound healing.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for cancer cells to adapt to hypoxia; however, the functional significance of lysine crotonylation (Kcr) in hypoxia remains unclear. Herein we report a quantitative proteomics analysis of global crotonylome under normoxia and hypoxia, and demonstrate 128 Kcr site alterations across 101 proteins in MDA-MB231 cells. Specifically, we observe a significant decrease in K131cr, K156cr and K220cr of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) upon hypoxia. Enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) is upregulated and interacts with PGK1, leading to the downregulation of PGK1 Kcr under hypoxia. Abolishment of PGK1 Kcr promotes glycolysis and suppresses mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDHK1). A low PGK1 K131cr level is correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Our findings show that PGK1 Kcr is a signal in coordinating glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and may serve as a diagnostic indicator for breast cancer. The functional relevance of lysine crotonylation in cancer remains to be further explored. Here, the authors show that hypoxia-induced downregulation of PGK1 lysine crotonylation promotes glycolysis and suppresses mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, contributing to breast cancer progression.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. However, the diagnosis of GERD is challenging because there are no definite gold standard criteria. Recently, a novel impedance parameter, namely mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), has been proposed, which reflects the burden of longitudinal reflux and the integrity of esophageal mucosa. MNBI has shown an immense promise for increasing the diagnostic rate of multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring and predicting the response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or anti-reflux intervention in patients with reflux symptoms. The present paper reviews the association between baseline impedance and esophageal mucosal integrity, the acquisition of MNBI in 24-h MII-pH monitoring, the clinical utilization of MNBI in improving the diagnosis rate of GERD in patients with typical reflux symptoms, predicting the response to PPI or anti-reflux treatment in these patients, the utilization of MNBI in diagnosing patients with atypical symptoms or extra-esophageal symptoms, and the correlation between reflux burden and MNBI. MNBI should be routinely assessed using MII-pH monitoring.

Historic and cultural towns in China are crucial carriers of vernacular heritage, yet many unlisted historic buildings remain highly vulnerable to urbanization and fragmented governance. This study takes Xiangzhu Town in Zhejiang Province as a case study and develops a multidimensional evaluation framework—integrating value, morphology, and risk—to identify conservation priorities and guide adaptive reuse. The results highlight three key findings: (1) a spatial pattern of “core preservation and peripheral renewal,” with historical and artistic values concentrated in the core, scientific value declining outward, and functional diversity emerging at the periphery; (2) a morphological structure characterized by “macro-coherence and micro-diversity,” as revealed by balanced global connectivity and localized hotspots in space syntax analysis; and (3) differentiated building risks, where most assets are low to medium risk, but some high-value ancestral halls show accelerated deterioration requiring urgent action. Based on these insights, a collaborative framework of “graded management–classified guidance–zoned response” is proposed to align systematic restoration with community-driven revitalization. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the value–morphology–risk approach for small historic towns, offering a replicable tool for differentiated heritage conservation and sustainable urban–rural transition.