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Asnani et al discuss the case study involving a 27-year-old woman with 15 days of neck swelling associated with a dull aching pain. An examination revealed a single, well-defined, mobile swelling over the anterolateral aspect of the neck. A provisional diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy was made, and the patient was prescribed amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for 7 days. However, the treatment was unsuccessful, and she was referred to our dermatology clinic. Polymerase chain reaction, conducted on the aspirate, confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After 2 months of treatment, the patient's skin became ulcerated at the site of the swelling, and they diagnosed scrofuloderma based on the presentation of an ulcer with violaceous margins and underlying tuberculous lymphadenopathy.

A facile carbothermal route was adopted to obtain niobium carbide nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in carbon network from Nb 2 O 5 to study photocatalytic behavior. Optimization of synthesis parameters to obtain single phase NbC NPs has been successfully done. The phase identification, morphology and nature of carbon were determined with the help of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested the presence of multiple oxidation states of Nb associated to NbC and NbC x O y centers on the surface of NPs. Due to the presence of NbC x O y on the surface of NPs, absorption under visible region of EM spectrum has been observed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Different organic dyes (RhB, MB and MO) were used to study the effect of holding time on the photocatalytic performance of as-synthesized samples. RhB dye was found to be the most sensitive organic molecule among all the considered dyes and degraded 78% in 120 min.

The present study presents the preparation of Nb-based perovskite with different cationic dopants (potassium and vanadium) for the catalytic photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. For the preparation of powder samples, chemical route followed by heat treatment (at 800 °C) was adopted and X-ray diffraction confirmed the phase formation. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported the successful incorporation of dopants in NaNbO 3 lattice. Furthermore, the induced lattice distortion and resulted optical modification were determined by uniform strain model and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. As a result of inclusion of dopants, photodegradation of MB dye under household CFL exposure has been studied in detail by considering the different dye concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg/L). Doping at both sites (A and B) in NaNbO 3 exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency (34%) in 5 h of illumination as compared to single cation-doped systems which can be associated to the higher content of lattice defects (as charge trap centers), reduced optical band gap and oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, intraparticle diffusion model suggested that low concentration of dye solution exhibited surface diffusion mechanism, while higher concentration followed boundary layer diffusion mechanism for the photodegradation of MB dye. Highlights Doped NaNbO 3 has been successfully synthesized chemical route followed by heat treatment. Alkali (K) and transition (V) metals were used as dopants at A- and B-sites, respectively. Multiple oxidation states of V with K enhanced the photocatalytic performance of NaNbO 3 . Degradation mechanism has been established for doped system under household CFL exposure.

Hair follicle cycle and the functioning of stem cells in alopecia are influenced by the suppression of cholesterol synthesis and the accumulation of sterol intermediates. This investigation aims to elucidate the regulatory function of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in the functioning of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and the cycling of hair follicles. Additionally, it seeks to provide an understanding of the fate of stem cells in primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA). To evaluate the influence of cholesterol on the functionality of hair follicles, a study was conducted to analyse gene expression and pathways associated with hair follicle stem cell markers in scalp samples affected by PCA (LPP, FFA, CCCA, DC, DF, TF). To assess the influence of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis on HFSCs, we conducted experiments involving the administration of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) and BM15766 (Pharmacological inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis), to Human Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cells (HORSCs), as well as C57BL/6 mice, and hair follicle organoid cultures. The study utilised reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess gene expression, while immunofluorescence was employed to analyse protein expression. The tracking of stem cell fate was accomplished through the utilisation of a BrdU pulse-chase experiment, while the verification of apoptotic consequences was established by utilising the TUNEL assay. A statistical analysis was conducted to assess the statistical significance of the data. There was a notable decrease in the expression of HFSC marker genes among patients afflicted with PCA. In vitro data further confirmed the cholesterol inhibition and sterol intermediate accumulation in stem cells, leading to stem cell characteristics' disruption. The experimental group of mice exposed to 7DHC and BM15766 also exhibited a notable inability to initiate hair regrowth. Consequently, this deficiency in hair regrowth resulted in the activation of apoptosis, specifically in the stem cells. Additionally, our confirmatory analysis, which was performed utilising organoid culture, consistently yielded comparable results. The results as mentioned above emphasise the significant importance of cholesterol production in preserving the integrity and functionality of HFSCs, hence providing novel insights into the progression of alopecia. Individuals with aberrant cholesterol production, especially those affected by PCA, endure a lasting hindrance in hair regrowth stemming from the irreversible damage to their hair follicles. The observed phenomenon is hypothesized to result from the depletion of hair follicle stem cells. Our study reveals further insights that unveil the previously unrecognized role of sterol intermediates in governing hair follicle cycling and stem cell function in PCA. The modulation of cholesterol production and the accumulation of sterol intermediates significantly influence the hair follicle cycle and the role of stem cells in alopecia.

Artificial intelligence recently achieved the breakthrough of predicting the three-dimensional structures of proteins. The next frontier is presented by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which, representing 30% to 50% of proteomes, readily access vast conformational space. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are promising in sampling IDP conformations, but only at extremely high computational cost. Here, we developed generative autoencoders that learn from short MD simulations and generate full conformational ensembles. An encoder represents IDP conformations as vectors in a reduced-dimensional latent space. The mean vector and covariance matrix of the training dataset are calculated to define a multivariate Gaussian distribution, from which vectors are sampled and fed to a decoder to generate new conformations. The ensembles of generated conformations cover those sampled by long MD simulations and are validated by small-angle X-ray scattering profile and NMR chemical shifts. This work illustrates the vast potential of artificial intelligence in conformational mining of IDPs. Generative autoencoders create full conformational ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins from short molecular dynamics simulations.

Abstract Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections.

Rohan Manoj contributed to patient care, manuscript concept, design, literature review, data acquisition, manuscript writing, and editing. Sanjeev Gupta contributed to patient care, manuscript concept, design, literature review, data acquisition, manuscript writing, and editing. Aayush Gupta contributed to patient care, manuscript concept, design, literature review, data acquisition, manuscript writing, editing and supervision. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. P. Chauhan, B. Behera, D. D. Ding, et al., “Dermoscopy of Infectious Dermatoses (Infectiouscopy) in Skin of Color–A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force,” Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 13, no. 4 Suppl 1 (October 2023): 2023309S.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, accounting for 80–90% of cases. Mutations are commonly found in the signaling regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to oncogenic cell proliferation and survival. Key transcription factors that are negatively regulated downstream of PI3K/Akt are members of the forkhead box O family (FOXO). FOXOs were initially considered as tumor suppressors by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, there is increasing evidence showing that FOXOs, especially FOXO3, can support tumorigenesis. Methods To understand the roles of FOXO3 in liver tumorigenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis, we analyzed HCC patient specimens and also established a doxycycline-regulated transgenic mouse model with hepatocyte-specific FOXO3 expression in a constitutively active form. Results We found that FOXO3 protein is significantly overexpressed and activated in livers of HCC patients. Hepatic activation of FOXO3 induced extensive hepatic damage and elevated gene expression of several HCC-associated factors. Furthermore, FOXO3 expression enhanced hepatotoxicin-induced tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, FOXO3 activation caused oxidative stress and DNA damage and triggered positive feedback-loop for Akt activation as well as mTORC2 activation. Interestingly, FOXO3 activated not only reactive oxygen species (ROS)-promoting pathways, but also ROS-eliminating systems, which can be associated with the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Conclusions FOXO3 is a master regulator of ROS in a ‘carrot and stick’ manner; on one side avoiding cellular crisis while also supporting hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Clinically, we suggest analyzing FOXO3 activation status in patients with liver diseases, in addition to PI3K/Akt signaling. Personalized therapy of FOXO3 inhibition may be a reasonable, depending on the activation status of FOXO3.

Intracellular electrophysiology is essential in neuroscience, cardiology, and pharmacology for studying cells’ electrical properties. Traditional methods like patch-clamp are precise but low-throughput and invasive. Nanoelectrode Arrays (NEAs) offer a promising alternative by enabling simultaneous intracellular and extracellular action potential (iAP and eAP) recordings with high throughput. However, accessing intracellular potentials with NEAs remains challenging. This study presents an AI-supported technique that leverages thousands of synchronous eAP and iAP pairs from stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes on NEAs. Our analysis revealed strong correlations between specific eAP and iAP features, such as amplitude and spiking velocity, indicating that extracellular signals could be reliable indicators of intracellular activity. We developed a physics-informed deep learning model to reconstruct iAP waveforms from extracellular recordings recorded from NEAs and Microelectrode arrays (MEAs), demonstrating its potential for non-invasive, long-term, high-throughput drug cardiotoxicity assessments. This AI-based model paves the way for future electrophysiology research across various cell types and drug interactions. Intracellular recording involves puncturing the cell membrane to gain access to the cell. In this work, the authors introduce a puncture-free intracellular recording approach that leverages a deep learning model to translate extracellular recordings into intracellular signals.

Kindler syndrome (KS) is a rare autosomal recessive skin condition. The FERMT1 gene mutates and causes symptoms such as blistering and epidermal atrophy, as well as an increased risk of cancer and poor wound healing. A male in his 20s sought treatment for his hyper-hypopigmentation over the body with poikiloderma of the face with thin wrinkled cigarette paper skin in association with photosensitivity. He gave a history of developing blisters all over the body during his childhood, which formed raw areas and eventually healed forming atrophic scars. The objective is to assess the correlation of clinical findings with dermoscopy in a case of KS. KS is a rare disorder with poikiloderma, photosensitivity, and acral bullae in infancy as predominant features. Dermoscopy proves to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of this rare disorder as it helps in the identification of poikiloderma, adermatoglyphia, and cigarette paper scarring.