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PurposeThis study aims to delve into the perspectives of educators on integrating ChatGPT, an AI language model into management education. In the current research, educators were asked to talk as widely as possible about the perceived benefits, limitations of ChatGPT in management education and strategies to improve ChatGPT for management education. Also, shedding light on what motivates or inhibits them to use ChatGPT in management education in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachInterpretative phenomenological analysis commonly uses purposive sampling. In this research, the purpose is to delve into educators’ perspectives on ChatGPT in management education. The data was collected from the universities offering management education in Uttarakhand, India. The final sample size for the study was constrained to 57 educators, reflecting the point of theoretical saturation in data collection.FindingsThe present study involved educators discussing the various advantages of using ChatGPT in the context of management education. When educators were interviewed, their responses were categorized into nine distinct sub-themes related to the benefits of ChatGPT in management education. Similarly, when educators were asked to provide their insights on the limitations of using ChatGPT in management education, their responses were grouped into six sub-themes that emerged during the interviews. Furthermore, in the process of interviewing educators about potential strategies to enhance ChatGPT for management education, their feedback was organized into seven sub-themes, reflecting the various approaches suggested by the educators.Research limitations/implicationsIn the qualitative study, perceptions and experiences of educators at a certain period are captured. It would be necessary to conduct longitudinal research to comprehend how perceptions and experiences might change over time. The study’s exclusive focus on management education may not adequately reflect the experiences and viewpoints of educators in another discipline. The findings may not be generalizable and applicable to other educational disciplines.Practical implicationsThe research has helped in identifying the strengths and limitations of ChatGPT as perceived by educators for management education. Understanding educators’ perceptions and experiences with ChatGPT provided valuable insight into how the tool is being used in real-world educational settings. These insights can guide higher education institutions, policymakers and ChatGPT service providers in refining and improving the ChatGPT tool to better align with the specific needs of management educators.Originality/valueAmid the rising interest in ChatGPT’s educational applications, a research gap exists in exploring educators’ perspectives on AI tools like ChatGPT. While some studies have addressed its role in fields like medical, engineering, legal education and natural sciences, the context of management education remains underexplored. This study focuses on educators’ experiences with ChatGPT in transforming management education, aiming to reveal its benefits, limitations and factors influencing adoption. As research in this area is limited, educators’ insights can guide higher education institutions, ChatGPT providers and policymakers in effectively implementing ChatGPT in Indian management education.

Potent inflammatory responses from host-parasite interactions in lymphatic filariasis are driven by macrophage polarization, which critically determines parasite survival or clearance. Evidence suggests that filarial parasite promote alternative macrophage polarization, facilitating immune evasion and persistent infection. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying filaria-induced alternative macrophage activation remain to be fully elucidated. Recently, serine protease inhibitors (serpins) have been implicated in alternative immune activation. Building on this insight, we explored and identified putative filarial serpins to be highly expressed in the infective L3 larval stage using in-silico analysis approach. Among all, Wb123, a serpin of Wuchereria bancrofti , the most predominantly found filarial worm, was cloned and purified to establish its role in alternative activation. We observed elevated markers of alternative activation; namely CD163, arginase-1, IL-6 and pSTAT3 expression, following rWb123 treatment. Furthermore, our results also indicated that rWb123 interacts with urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) to activate the alternative activation pathway. Interestingly, rWb123 treatment attenuated the classical macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as evident from muted CD86, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression. Notably, use of monoclonal antibody (MAbG8) to rWb123 or blocking uPAR impedes the rWb123-induced alternative activation and rescues the proinflammatory response to LPS-IFN-γ. These data confirmed that, uPAR dependent alternative activation by Wb123 enables filarial parasites to evade a strong pro-inflammatory immune response. Thus, targeting filarial serpins or uPAR could be potential therapeutics to re-establish immune response and eliminate filarial parasite from host.

Over 9 million new active tuberculosis (TB) cases emerge each year from an enormous pool of 2 billion individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) worldwide. About 3 million new TB cases per year are unaccounted for, and 1.5 million die. TB, however, is generally curable if diagnosed correctly and in a timely manner. The current diagnostic methods for TB, including state-of-the-art molecular tests, have failed in delivering the capacity needed in endemic countries to curtail this ongoing pandemic. Efficient, cost effective and scalable diagnostic approaches are critically needed. We report a multiplex TB serology panel using microbead suspension array containing a combination of 11 M.tb. antigens that demonstrated overall sensitivity of 91% in serum/plasma samples from TB patients confirmed by culture. Group wise sensitivities for sputum smear positive and negative patients were 95%, and 88%, respectively. Specificity of the test was 96% in untreated COPD patients and 91% in general healthy population. The sensitivity of this test is superior to that of the frontline sputum smear test with a comparable specificity (30-70%, and 93-99%, respectively). The multiplex serology test can be performed with scalability from 1 to 360 patients per day, and is amenable to automation for higher (1000s per day) throughput, thus enabling a scalable clinical work flow model for TB endemic countries. Taken together, the above results suggest that well defined antibody profiles in blood, analyzed by an appropriate technology platform, offer a valuable approach to TB diagnostics in endemic countries.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has become a global health emergency after its first case in Wuhan city, China. An increasing number of cases and deaths are challenging the health-care system globally. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 disease among health personnel in rapid outbreak in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using Google Forms through Google platform on-line. A total of 713 health personal allied health-care staff, working in different public and private health-care facilities, was conducted in the mid of April 2020. A structured knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire used to assess health personnel's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19. All instruments were validated and pretested before use. Chi-square test, followed by binary logistic and multivariate regression, was applied to determine factors associated with knowledge scores. RESULTS: Seven hundred and thirteen health personnel participated, and 703 (98.6%) participants responded were analyzed for final results. 95.9% of the health personnel were aware about route of transmission and clinical symptoms (95.3%) of COVID-19. 63.7% believed that virus outbreak would be controlled globally and followed standard precautions (81.8%), including wearing the mask. Further, majority (98.3%) of the participants avoided social contact by not going to crowded places and not calling people to their homes (82.2%) during the advisory of the government. In binary logistic regression analyses, the adequate knowledge score found significantly associated with MBBS/bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR]: 2.309, confidence interval [CI]: 1.232–4.324, P < 0.009) and master's degree (OR: 2.944, CI: 1.485–5.835, P < 0.002), working with government health-care facility (OR: 3.662, CI: 1.624–8.285, P < 0.002), and holding a post of a physician (OR: 7.735, CI: 2.210–27.091, P < 0.001) during outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: The level of education is associated with adequate knowledge scores among the health personnel. Type of health-care facility and post held in a health-care facility are significant predictors of adequacy of knowledge.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in 10–25% of patients with moderate to severe injuries. The development of animal models for testing antiepileptogenic therapies and validation of biomarkers to follow epileptogenesis in humans necessitates sophisticated understanding of the subtypes of PTE, which is the objective of this study. In this study, retrospective review was performed of patients with moderate to severe TBI with subsequent development of medically refractory epilepsy referred for video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring at a single center over a 10-year period. Information regarding details of injury, neuroimaging studies, seizures, video-EEG, and surgery outcomes were collected and analyzed. There were 123 patients with PTE identified, representing 4.3% of all patients evaluated in the epilepsy monitoring unit. Most of them had localization-related epilepsy, of which 57% had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 35% had frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), and 3% each had parietal and occipital lobe epilepsy. Of patients with TLE, 44% had mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), 26% had temporal neocortical lesions, and 30% were nonlesional. There was no difference in age at injury between the different PTE subtypes. Twenty-two patients, 13 of whom had MTS, proceeded to surgical resection. At a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, Engel Class I outcomes were seen in 69% of those with TLE and 33% of those with FLE. Our findings suggest PTE is a heterogeneous condition, and careful evaluation with video-EEG monitoring and high resolution MRI can identify distinct syndromes. These results have implications for the design of clinical trials of antiepileptogenic therapies for PTE.

Over 10% of genetic diseases are caused by mutations that introduce a premature termination codon in protein-coding mRNA. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an essential cellular pathway that degrades these mRNAs to prevent the accumulation of harmful partial protein products. NMD machinery is also increasingly appreciated to play a role in other essential cellular functions, including telomere homeostasis and the regulation of normal mRNA turnover, and is misregulated in numerous cancers. Hence, understanding and designing therapeutics targeting NMD is an important goal in biomedical science. The central regulator of NMD, the Upf1 protein, interacts with translation termination factors and contextual factors to initiate NMD specifically on mRNAs containing PTCs. The molecular details of how these contextual factors affect Upf1 function remain poorly understood. Here, we review plausible models for the NMD pathway and the evidence for the variety of roles NMD machinery may play in different cellular processes.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study demonstrates the synergistic bactericidal activity of citral, a phytochemical, and azithromycin against clinical MRSA isolates. Checkerboard assays confirmed synergy with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.093, while time-kill kinetics showed a reduction in bacterial viability from 5.39 to 2.94 log 10 CFU/ml, outperforming monotherapy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe cellular damage, indicative of membrane disruption and protein leakage. Notably, the combination extended post-antibiotic effects (PAE) by 4.26 h at MIC, suggesting prolonged antibacterial action. Cytotoxicity assays on normal human fibroblasts demonstrated 93.7% viability at the combined MIC, underscoring its biocompatibility. These findings highlight citral-azithromycin synergy as a promising strategy to enhance antibiotic efficacy against MRSA while minimizing cytotoxicity, supporting the potential of phytochemical-adjuvant combinations in combating antimicrobial resistance.

Masks play a role in the protection of health-care workers (HCWs) from acquiring respiratory infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health-care settings. This observational study was conducted among 382 HCWs in a tertiary care setting over a period of 1 month. Descriptive analysis was done to assess the rational and recommended use of masks/respirators during COVID-19 pandemic using a structured observation checklist as a survey tool. A total of 374 HCWs were included, 64.9% of whom were using face masks rationally as mentioned per risk area categorization with a predominance of triple-layered mask during all 4 weeks. Overall, 64.1% used masks correctly. Clear guidelines and strategies can help to increase the compliance of HCWs with rational use of face masks.

Background and objective Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a significant global health concern, with India being a hotspot for the disease burden. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, though comprising a smaller proportion of total TB cases, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing the microstructural changes in white matter tracts associated with CNS tuberculosis. Materials and methods This study was conducted over two years at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh. We employed a cross-sectional observational design and included patients with definite or highly probable tuberculous meningitis, alongside healthy controls. Results Our findings revealed a significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) values in various white matter tracts of patients with CNS tuberculosis compared to healthy individuals. This reduction in FA correlated with the severity of tuberculous meningitis, particularly in the corpus callosum. Additionally, DTI highlighted distinct patterns of white matter involvement around intraparenchymal lesions, suggesting potential implications for clinical outcomes. The study emphasizes the utility of FA values in grading disease severity and prognosticating treatment outcomes in CNS tuberculosis. Conclusions Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the microstructural alterations in white matter tracts associated with CNS tuberculosis, highlighting the potential of DTI in early diagnosis, grading disease severity, and monitoring treatment response. We believe these findings will pave the way for further research to optimize the clinical management of this debilitating disease.

Micro-expression (ME) is required in real-world applications for understanding true human feeling. The preliminary step of ME analysis, ME spotting, is highly challenging for human experts because MEs induce subtle facial movements for a short duration. Moreover, the existing feature encodings are insufficient for spotting because they are affected by illumination and eye-blinking. These issues are alleviated for better ME spotting by our proposed method, PERSIST, that is, imProved fEatuRe encodingS and multIscale gauSsian Temporal convolutional network. It investigates the possibility of human gaze deformations for spotting. In contrast to the well-known sequence models like RNN and LSTM, it explores the feasibility of a temporal convolutional network to model long-term dependencies in a better way. Furthermore, the proposed network efficacy is significantly improved by adding a Gaussian filter layer and performing multi-resolution analysis. Experimental results conducted on publicly available ME spotting databases reveal that our method PERSIST outperforms the well-known methods. It also indicates that eyebrow information is helpful in ME spotting when eye-blinking artifacts are mitigated, and human gaze information can be consolidated with other encodings for performance improvement.