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Amlodipine is a BCS class I oral hypertensive drug widely prescribed for the management of severe hypertension. The need of rapid reduction of elevated blood pressure makes designing of drug delivery systems that can release the drug in systemic circulation in very short span of time very significant. In the present study an endeavor was made to formulate mouth dissolving films (MDFs) containing amlodipine using a natural polymer, xanthan gum as the film forming polymer. Solvent casting method was utilized to formulate the MDFs. A 32 factorial approach was used for preparing the films with concentration of polymer and plasticizer as the independent variables. All the formulations demonstrated quick drug release, rapid disintegration and optimal mechanical strength. The formulations were also found to be able to release almost complete drug content within a period of 10 minutes. The maximum amount of drug was released by AF4 (97%) while AF5 released the lowest amount of drug (90%) in the same period. The results of accelerated stability study exhibited that all the batches of prepared films were stable under the storage conditions.

In the present investigation, griseofulvin loaded solid dispersion were formulated using mannitol and PVP K30 as the hydrophilic carriers. The best formulation was then loaded in to gel formulation prepared either from carbopol 934P or HPMC. Melting method was adopted to prepare the solid dispersions of griseofulvin. The drug content was found to be highest in the formulation SD6 (94.60±0.7%) and the lowest in formulation SD1 (91.56 ±0.251%). A minimum of 10 fold increase in solubility was witnessed after formulating griseofulvin as SD. The minimum solubility was exhibited by SD1 (0.57±0.04mg/mL) whereas SD6 exhibited the highest solubility (2.09±0.080 mg/mL). SD6 released 47.16±1.167% after 15 min and around 80% drug released at 30 min. Hence SD6 was used for further formulation as gel. The pH value of all gel formulations lies within the 5.29 to 6.81 and they were homogeneous and uniform. The viscosity of the formulations ranged from 491±31 cp to 668±57.5 cp. The maximum amount of drug was released from formulation SDG2 (72.37%) followed by SDG4 (64.91%) by the end of 6th hour of the study. The formulation containing 1.0% of carbopol 934 was the gelling agent was considered to be the best formulation of all the prepared gels.

Despite the growing investment in cybersecurity, modern attackers manage to bypass advanced security systems. Blockchain and Hyperledger architecture provide a safer way of avoiding such attacks. This book will help you build blockchain-based apps for DDoS protection, PKI-based identity platform, Two-factor authentication and DNS Security platform.

An individual’s decision to pursue a career in the public sector is likely to be influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While the widely studied concept of Public Service Motivation (PSM) emphasizes altruistic and prosocial values, it does not fully capture the diverse motivations that may influence entry into, and performance within the public sector—particularly in developing country contexts where economic constraints, political dynamics, and cultural hierarchies are prominent. The present study addresses this limitation by conceptualizing and validating a novel instrument to measure Public Sector Motivation (PSecM) which encompasses both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of motivation specific to a public sector employment. Through three studies involving diverse samples from the Indian civil services, this research conceptualizes PSecM as a construct having three key dimensions: power to bring change, job security, and social respect, thereby highlighting that PSecM in India is driven by mixed motives, combining intrinsic aspirations for societal impact and extrinsic incentives tied to the unique characteristics of public sector jobs. Next, through a sequence of rigorous psychometric analysis, the study presents a valid measure of PSecM scale that has adequate psychometric properties as well as predictive validity. By providing a conceptual understanding of PSecM and developing a valid instrument to measure it, this study contributes to the broader discourse on public sector management and national development in resource-constrained environments.

Purpose>The study approaches the social problem of overconsumption by examining how dispositional characteristics (Trigunas) affect self-control capacity and buying impulsiveness.Design/methodology/approach>A survey of 181 Indian students was conducted to collect data on Trigunas, self-control and impulse buying tendency (IBT). Partial least squares-based structure equation modeling package ADANCO was used for data analysis.Findings>The results indicate that two out of the three gunas were related to impulsive buying tendency. As hypothesized, self-control mediated these relationships. The findings prove that Trigunas carry differential influence on self-control capacity and impulsive buying behavior of individuals.Practical implications>The results of this study offer new insights and ideas to practitioners and researchers pursuing the problem of overconsumption. This study delves into ancient Hindu knowledge of mindfulness and offers fresh psychological constructs that broaden scholarly understanding on personality-related drivers of overconsumption.Originality/value>Most research on overconsumption and related issues has been conducted using western personality models. Additionally, many of these findings are inconsistent. This article broadens this discussion by applying indigenous Indian psychology constructs to the study of consumer behavior and provides empirical support for the same.

PurposePublic service motivation (PSM), among actual and prospective employees in the public sector, lead to positive work outcomes. However, there is limited integration of PSM with existing motivational theories, especially self-determination theory (SDT). The impact of destructive leadership styles on PSM is also understudied. The study aims to fill the gap.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a cross-sectional survey of 693 public sector officials employed in Indian Railways to test the hypotheses. PLS-SEM was used for the analysis. The study found that fulfillment of basic psychological needs (BPN) at work leads to improved PSM while BPN partially mediates the positive/negative effect of constructive/destructive leadership styles like servant/autocratic leadership on employees' PSM.FindingsAutocratic/servant leadership was negatively/positively and significantly related to PSM and to all three BPN needs. Servant leadership was found to be positively and significantly related to all three BPN needs, while the BPN needs partially mediated the relationship between servant leadership and PSM.Research limitations/implicationsThe study identifies servant leadership as a driver of PSM and suggests that managers employed in public sector establishments should be trained to be less autocratic and more attuned to subordinates' needs. The baneful impact of autocratic leadership on employee PSM is highlighted. The cross-sectional nature of study makes it susceptible to common-method bias. The sample was limited to a single country. Future longitudinal and experimental studies based on samples drawn from multiple countries can yield more robust results.Originality/valueThe study advances the integration of PSM with SDT by identifying PSM with introjected motivation. It is also the first study to link destructive leadership styles with a reduction in employees' PSM. It identifies a counterintuitive, negative relationship between competence need satisfaction and PSM in the Indian public sector.

PurposePublic service motivation (PSM) is a universal construct, but indigenous traditions and culture of a country are known to influence its measurement. Currently, no research on PSM in India is available. To facilitate PSM research in India, this article compares the two most used measures of PSM (PSM-14 and PSM-16) to identify the most suitable scale for further exploration.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a cross-sectional survey research design. Data were collected from 387 employees working in the public sector. ADANCO, a PLS-SEM package, was used to analyze the data.FindingsContrary to expectations, it was found that the older PSM-14 exhibited better psychometric properties than the newer PSM-16. The PSM-14 also exhibited greater predictive validity than PSM-16.Practical implicationsThe study demonstrates that PSM is a valid construct in India and can be measured adequately by existing instruments. However, certain sub-dimensions of the scale (such as compassion) may be reworded/changed to reflect Indian cultural ethos better.Originality/valueThe findings will be tremendously helpful to researchers interested in examining the correlates of PSM in the Indian context by making it easier to select the appropriate measurement instrument. The study also provides a careful examination of each of the sub-dimensions of the construct to enable the development of more robust PSM measures in the future.

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) structures, especially the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)type 2205 and 2507 have greatly attracted the attention of many researchers, engineers, manufacturers as well as the end-users of the productsbecause of its superior engineering properties like strength, good toughness, particular resistance to corrosive environments and to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Due to its worldwide progressive growth, demand and utilization, this novel steel (DSS) is rising very fast, especially in marine, power plants, chemical process, mining, petrochemical, oil and gas, pharmaceutical and many other related engineering applications. Generally, the joining of DSSs alloys is a big problem due to its susceptibility to sensitization caused by the precipitation of additional phases when heated above 600°C. Conversely, improper selection of welding parameters, imbalance ratio of austenite/ferrite phases can lead to corrosion susceptibility, solidification cracking and susceptibility to plastic deformation. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) technique with recommended consumables (E2209 and E2594 or E2595) is used in the fabrication of the multiphase steels with the aim of obtaining the optimum weldment with the desired input welding criteria, optimum mechanical properties with minimum defects from the microstructural perspective and excellent corrosion behaviours. This review is therefore geared towards accentuating the influence of arc welding processes, and SMAW in particular on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of DSSs weldment.