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"Gupta, Rakesh"
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Effect of Chemical Permeation Enhancers on Skin Permeability: In silico screening using Molecular Dynamics simulations
Breaching of the skin barrier is essential for delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for pharmaceutical, dermatological and aesthetic applications. Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) are molecules that interact with the constituents of skin’s outermost and rate limiting layer stratum corneum (SC), and increase its permeability. Designing and testing of new CPEs is a resource intensive task, thus limiting the rate of discovery of new CPEs.
In-silico
screening of CPEs in a rigorous skin model could speed up the design of CPEs. In this study, we performed coarse grained (CG) molecule dynamics (MD) simulations of a multilayer skin lipid matrix in the presence of CPEs. The CPEs are chosen from different chemical functionalities including fatty acids, esters, and alcohols. A multi-layer
in-silico
skin model was developed. The CG parameters of permeation enhancers were also developed. Interactions of CPEs with SC lipids was studied
in silico
at three different CPE concentrations namely, 1% w/v, 3% w/v and 5% w/v. The partitioning and diffusion coefficients of CPEs in the SC lipids were found to be highly size- and structure-dependent and these dependencies are explained in terms of structural properties such as radial distribution function, area per lipid and order parameter. Finally, experimentally reported effects of CPEs on skin from the literature are compared with the simulation results. The trends obtained using simulations are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The studies presented here validate the utility of
in-silico
models for designing, screening and testing of novel and effective CPEs.
Journal Article
Big data analytics in fog-enabled IoT networks : towards a privacy and security perspective
\"Integration of Fog computing with the resource limited IoT network, formulate the concept of Fog-enabled IoT system. Due to large number of deployments of IoT devices, a IoT is a main source of Big data and a very high volume of sensing data is generated by IoT system such as smart cities and smart grid applications. To provide a fast and efficient data analytics solution for Fog-enabled IoT system is a very fundamental research issue. This book focus on Big data Analytics in Fog-enabled-IoT system and provides a comprehensive collection of chapters that are touches different issues related to Healthcare system, Cyber threat detection, Malware detection, security and privacy of big IoT data and IoT network. This book emphasizes and facilitate a greater understanding of various security and privacy approaches using the advance AI and Big data technologies like machine/deep learning, federated learning, blockchain, edge computing and the countermeasures to overcome the vulnerabilities of the Fog-enabled IoT system\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Identifying oral microbiome alterations in adult betel quid chewing population of Delhi, India
The study targets to establish a factorial association of oral microbiome alterations (oral dysbiosis) with betel quid chewing habits through a comparison of the oral microbiome of Betel quid chewers and non-chewing individuals. Oral microbiome analysis of 22 adult individuals in the Delhi region of India through the 16S sequencing approach was carried out to observe the differences in taxonomic abundance and diversity. A significant difference in diversity and richness among Betel Quid Chewers (BQC) and Betel Quid Non-Chewers (BQNC) groups was observed. There were significant differences in alpha diversity among the BQC in comparison to BQNC. However, in the age group of 21–30 years old young BQC and BQNC there was no significant difference in alpha diversity. Similar result was obtained while comparing BQC and Smoker-alcoholic BQC. BQ smoker-chewers expressed significant variance in comparison to BQC, based on cluster pattern analysis. The OTU-based Venn Diagram Analysis revealed an altered microbiota, for BQ chewing group with 0–10 years exposure in comparison to those with 10 years and above. The change in the microbial niche in early chewers may be due to abrupt chemical component exposure affecting the oral cavity, and thereafter establishing a unique microenvironment in the long-term BQC. Linear discriminant analysis revealed, 55 significant features among BQC and Alcoholic-Smoker BQC; and 20 significant features among BQC and Smoker BQC respectively. The study shows the abundance of novel bacterial genera in the BQC oral cavity in addition to the commonly found ones. Since the oral microbiome plays a significant role in maintaining local homeostasis, investigating the link between its imbalance in such conditions that are known to have an association with oral diseases including cancers may lead to the identification of specific microbiome-based signatures for its early diagnosis.
Journal Article
Automatic outer and inner breast tissue segmentation using multi-parametric MRI images of breast tumor patients
The objectives of the study were to develop a framework for automatic outer and inner breast tissue segmentation using multi-parametric MRI images of the breast tumor patients; and to perform breast density and tumor tissue analysis. MRI of the breast was performed on 30 patients at 3T-MRI. T1, T2 and PD-weighted(W) images, with and without fat saturation(WWFS), and dynamic-contrast-enhanced(DCE)-MRI data were acquired. The proposed automatic segmentation approach was performed in two steps. In step-1, outer segmentation of breast tissue from rest of body parts was performed on structural images (T2-W/T1-W/PD-W without fat saturation images) using automatic landmarks detection technique based on operations like profile screening, Otsu thresholding, morphological operations and empirical observation. In step-2, inner segmentation of breast tissue into fibro-glandular(FG), fatty and tumor tissue was performed. For validation of breast tissue segmentation, manual segmentation was carried out by two radiologists and similarity coefficients(Dice and Jaccard) were computed for outer as well as inner tissues. FG density and tumor volume were also computed and analyzed. The proposed outer and inner segmentation approach worked well for all the subjects and was validated by two radiologists. The average Dice and Jaccard coefficients value for outer segmentation using T2-W images, obtained by two radiologists, were 0.977 and 0.951 respectively. These coefficient values for FG tissue were 0.915 and 0.875 respectively whereas for tumor tissue, values were 0.968 and 0.95 respectively. The volume of segmented tumor ranged over 2.1 cm3-7.08 cm3. The proposed approach provided automatic outer and inner breast tissue segmentation, which enables automatic calculations of breast tissue density and tumor volume. This is a complete framework for outer and inner breast segmentation method for all structural images.
Journal Article
Assessing the asymmetric impact of physical infrastructure and trade openness on ecological footprint: An empirical evidence from Pakistan
This study analyzed the asymmetric impact of the physical infrastructure and trade openness on Pakistan’s ecological footprint over the period 1970–2019 using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model. The study results posit that positive and negative shocks to physical infrastructure increase and decrease the ecological footprint asymmetrically in the short-run and symmetrically in the long-run. Likewise, the positive and negative shocks to trade openness increase and decrease the ecological footprint asymmetrically, both in the short and in the long run. Furthermore, urbanization also positively and significantly increases Pakistan’s ecological footprint in the short and long run. Moreover, a 1% increase in physical infrastructure increases the ecological footprint by 0.32%, while a 1% decrease in physical infrastructure decreases the ecological footprint by 0.33% in the long run. Similarly, a 1% increase in trade openness causes a 0.09% increase in the ecological footprint in the long term, while a 1% reduction in trade openness causes a 0.61% reduction in the ecological footprint. The results also conclude that urbanization is a major determinant of Pakistan’s long-term ecological footprint. Thus, a 1% increase in urbanization causes a 1.31% increase in the ecological footprint in the long run. Finally, this study recommends that policies regarding physical infrastructure be formulated keeping in view its environmental impact. In addition, strict environmental policies should be implemented to reduce the environmental degradation effect of trade openness.
Journal Article
Study of Perfluorophosphonic Acid Surface Modifications on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
In this study, perfluorinated phosphonic acid modifications were utilized to modify zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles because they create a more stable surface due to the electronegativity of the perfluoro head group. Specifically, 12-pentafluorophenoxydodecylphosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl)phosphonic acid have been used to form thin films on the nanoparticle surfaces. The modified nanoparticles were then characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to determine the particle size of the nanoparticles before and after modification, and to analyze the film coverage on the ZnO surfaces, respectively. Zeta potential measurements were obtained to determine the stability of the ZnO nanoparticles. It was shown that the surface charge increased as the alkyl chain length increases. This study shows that modifying the ZnO nanoparticles with perfluorinated groups increases the stability of the phosphonic acids adsorbed on the surfaces. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to distinguish between chemically and physically bound films on the modified nanoparticles. The higher weight loss for 12-pentafluorophenoxydodecylphosphonic acid and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl)phosphonic acid modifications corresponds to a higher surface concentration of the modifications, and, ideally, higher surface coverage. While previous studies have shown how phosphonic acids interact with the surfaces of ZnO, the aim of this study was to understand how the perfluorinated groups can tune the surface properties of the nanoparticles.
Journal Article
Telemedicine in India: A tool for transforming health care in the era of COVID-19 pandemic
Although telemedicine has been used spottily in Indian health care so far, the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic provided the nation's health systems an unprecedented opportunity to make a concerted effort to increase access and coverage. Health-care providers can incorporate telemedicine systems to reduce doctor-patient visits and help in breaking the chain of transmission of infections. Anticipating the increased need of telemedicine by health-care providers, the Medical Council of India released practice guidelines in March 2020. In this article, the literature pertinent to telemedicine and its applications with special reference to recently released practice guidelines were reviewed and summarized in a historical and current context. Telemedicine is bound to grow and be adopted by more health-care practitioners and patients in a wide variety of forms due to ease and availability. At the same time, it cannot replace in-person consultation or emergency medicine.
Journal Article
Fuzzy multi-criteria approach for rooftop photo-voltaic site selection: a case study in Gujarat
India has positioned itself as a global leader in solar energy generation as part of its commitment to sustainable development. Among various renewable energy models, the rooftop solar segment has seen considerable advancement and is now regarded as one of the most dependable and eco-friendly options. However, the widespread adoption of rooftop solar systems at the household level remains a challenge due to multiple factors, such as uncertainty in the decision-making environment and the complex characteristics of decision criteria. Despite the importance of strategic planning for such installations, studies focusing on selection criteria for rooftop solar implementation at the district level in India are relatively scarce. This research focuses on four districts in the state of Gujarat to evaluate the suitability of rooftop solar deployment. Initially, relevant criteria were identified for each district based on previous literature. Subsequently, five decision-makers provided assessments of the importance of these criteria using linguistic variables. A fuzzy multi-level multi-criteria decision-making (FMLMCDM) technique was then applied to rank the districts based on their readiness for door-to-door rooftop solar system implementation. This study introduces an innovative FMLMCDM framework that merges hierarchical fuzzy assessment with expert-based linguistic evaluation to determine the most appropriate districts for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) installations in Gujaratan approach not previously utilized in this context.
Journal Article
Salesforce Process Builder Quick Start Guide
Learn to create efficient and customized workflows in Salesforce using the powerful Process Builder tool. This book simplifies the complexities of business process automation for Salesforce users, enabling even those without coding experience to streamline operations effectively and efficiently.What this Book will help me doUnderstand Process Builder and its role in Salesforce workflow automation.Create and optimize business processes in Salesforce with minimal coding.Manage and debug Process Builder flows and resolve common issues.Design reusable processes to adapt to changing business requirements.Leverage advanced formulas to overcome limitations and improve efficiency.Author(s)None Gupta is an expert in Salesforce development, with years of experience helping businesses automate their CRM processes. Their engaging writing style and practical examples make complex topics approachable for learners of all levels. None Gupta's guidance focuses on leveraging Salesforce Process Builder to drive efficiency and innovation without the need for extensive coding knowledge.Who is it for?This guide is designed for Salesforce professionals, such as administrators and business analysts, striving to optimize their workflow automation. If you have a basic familiarity with Salesforce but wish to harness the Process Builder's power for creating efficient processes without coding, this book is for you. It equally suits individuals and small teams looking for practical solutions. Whether you're automating simple tasks or tackling complex workflows, this book helps you get up to speed and beyond.
eBook