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This article fully investigates the hydrogen fuel jet mixing behind the strut with a serpentine injector at a supersonic combustion chamber. The main goal of this work is to analyze the three-dimensional flow of hydrogen jet released from the serpentine nozzle by computational technique. The role of serpentine nozzle height is also examined to find the optimum location for fuel mixing. Meanwhile, the extruded serpentine nozzle located behind the strut is also studied. The strength of circulation in these configurations is compared and our results show that the fuel circulation strength is improved when the serpentine nozzle is located in a higher height behind the strut. Moreover, a comparison of the fuel mixing behind the strut indicates this injector has significantly higher fuel mixing efficiency (about 40%) in comparison with a circular nozzle.

This article delves into the eco-friendly operation of a smart microgrid, highlighting its ability to maintain voltage security through a flexible renewable hybrid system. The framework incorporates wind and bio-waste energy sources to produce electricity, while leveraging electric vehicles as mobile storage units and flexibility resources. The hybrid system is also capable of managing reactive power. The design focuses on two core Objectives: minimizing operational costs and bolstering voltage security in the grid. To ensure these goals are met, several critical constraints are addressed, including the AC optimal dispatch model, security limitations of the smart microgrid, management of hybrid resources and storage operations, and restrictions related to system flexibility. A single-objective optimization approach uses weighted functions alongside a fuzzy decision-making method to achieve a compromised solution. Stochastic programming is applied to accurately account for uncertainties linked to renewable energy production, load fluctuations, energy pricing, and electric vehicle integration. The research stands out for introducing a multi-objective energy scheduling approach that combines a flexible-renewable hybrid system with the adaptability of electric vehicles and the operational capabilities of bio-waste systems. Numerical simulations emphasize the effectiveness of this design in improving both the technical performance and economic feasibility of smart microgrids and hybrid systems. Noteworthy findings reveal that mobile storage units can fully meet the flexibility requirements of the hybrid system. In comparison with conventional load flow studies, this optimized system delivers enhancements in voltage stability, economic efficiency, and operational capacity by approximately 20%, 33%-65%, and 41%, respectively.

This research examines the effectiveness of nanomaterial-based adsorbents in improving water treatment. It specifically looks at their ability to adsorb contaminants, their efficiency in removing pollutants, the speed at which they work, and their ability to be regenerated. Four distinct nanomaterials, labeled as Nanomaterials A, B, C, and D, were produced and analyzed to assess their effectiveness in eliminating contaminants from liquid solutions. The results showed that Nanomaterial D displayed the maximum adsorption capacity, measuring 142 mg/g, which indicates its exceptional capability to adsorb contaminants. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the best removal efficiency of 97.5%, highlighting its efficacy in decreasing pollutant concentrations in water. The analysis of kinetic characteristics revealed that Nanomaterial C had the greatest pseudo-second-order rate constant, indicating fast adsorption kinetics and robust surface contacts. In addition, Nanomaterial C had the greatest regeneration efficiency of 85%, suggesting its suitability for sustainable water treatment purposes. The results emphasize the impressive effectiveness of adsorbents made from nanomaterials in tackling water quality issues and advancing environmental sustainability. Nanomaterial-based adsorbents may have a significant impact on securing clean and secure water supplies for current and future generations by improving synthesis processes, comprehending adsorption mechanisms, and evaluating regeneration features. Additional study is required to investigate other parameters that affect the performance of adsorbents and to assess their long-term stability and cost- effectiveness for practical use in water treatment systems.

This research examines the impact of ergonomic adjustments on production settings, focusing specifically on the concept of biodegradable plastic. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses derived from the collected data. The Life cycle assessment data reveal a department-specific improvement of 28.57% in the Degradable department, demonstrating the efficacy of the implemented ergonomic solutions. Research on biodegradable plastic in workstations uncovers inconsistencies and advocates for the standardization of features to provide uniform ergonomic comfort. The Productivity and Comfort Survey demonstrates a significant correlation between perceived comfort and productivity. Based on the survey findings, there is a direct correlation between a 10% increase in productivity and a one-point increase in comfort ratings. Analysis of Training and Feedback data reveals that the introduction of training initiatives resulted in a 20% improvement in outcomes linked to attention. The analysis of this information necessitates the integration of ergonomic interventions as a fundamental aspect of Life cycle industrial practices. This integration has the potential to enhance both workplace comfort and productivity, as well as job satisfaction.

The current study was designed in order to study the electrical and structural properties of heterostructures of TMD and BP through Raman spectrum mapping technique, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Correlative Probe electron microscopy (CPEM). Single and few layer heterostructures were prepared by mechanical exfoliation and transferred onto a silicon substrate by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) transfer method. Optical and CPD mapping manifested increased signal intensity at the edges of the flake, and Raman spectroscopy indicated definite electron density near the fringes of the flake. In this system, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies performed employing a range of accelerating voltages have supported the presence of electronic domains within the heterostructures especially at their borderlines. The CPEM analysis showed a significant correlation between the topographical and electronic contrast, where the former was attributed to an intense accumulation of electrons at the edge of the flake and not due to structural flaws. These results highlight the fact that TMD/BP heterostructures possess relatively unique electrical properties and may be suitable for future optoelectronic applications.

This work examines the combined influence of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on the electrical conductivity, mechanical characteristics, and thermal stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based hybrid polymer composites. Graphene and h-BN were exfoliated and amalgamated in different ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), thereafter integrated into the PVDF matrix at nanofiller concentrations of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 5.0 wt%. Mechanical tests demonstrated substantial improvements in tensile strength and Young’s modulus, especially for composites with a 2:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Electrical conductivity significantly enhanced with increasing nanofiller content, reaching a peak of 5.0 × 10⁻² S/m at a 5.0 wt% nanofiller concentration with a 3:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Thermal stability has also improved with degradation temperatures increased by up to 70°C more as compared to PVDF. The findings demonstrate that the ideal nanofiller structure (2:Adding one graphene ratio at 5.0 wt% strikes a balance of these properties enabling the composites to be applied in electronics, sensors, and advanced structures

Achieving high yields of agricultural crops requires the ability to predict soil temperature and moisture regimes, taking into account soil heating technology. The object of study is soil heated by a ceiling infrared emitter. The subject of study is one-dimensional non-stationary fields of soil moisture content and temperature. The objective of the study is to predict soil temperature and moisture regimes under radiant heating conditions. Research methods: analytical methods for solving differential equations of heat and mass transfer using the error function. Research results: the top 5 mm layer of milled peat with an initial moisture content of 3.7 kg/kg will reach a final moisture content of 1.0 kg/kg in about 6 hours during infrared drying. As a result of radiant heating, the soil will heat up from an initial temperature of 5 ℃ to a final temperature of 20 ℃ in approximately 3 hours. The analytical solution of the mass transfer differential equation can be used for theoretical studies of drying of capillary-porous materials, for example, to determine the drying period or the thickness of the material layer that will dry to a given final moisture content. The analytical solution of the heat transfer differential equation can be used to control the operating mode of the infrared radiation source, for example, to determine the periods of its operation and switching off in case the soil surface temperature reaches the maximum (critical) value. The mathematical solutions considered in the article do not take into account the cross processes of heat and mass transfer, which is a promising direction for further scientific research.

Maintaining favorable microclimatic conditions in a residential dwelling is directly related to the stable operation of the heating system. An emergency shutdown of the heating system, especially in the winter season, can lead to serious negative consequences: disruption of thermal comfort for people in the residential building, rupture of pipelines and heating devices, flooding of adjacent premises, etc. Thus, the issue of predicting the thermal regime of a residential dwelling after the termination of heat supply is of practical relevance. The object of study: Residential premises in buildings. Subject of study: Patterns of change in the temperature of the indoor air (in dimensional and dimensionless forms), the rate of temperature drop, and the loss of thermal energy during an emergency shutdown of the heating system. Objective of the study: To forecast the thermal regime of a room in a residential building after an emergency shutdown of the heating system. Research methods: Classical theory of thermal stability of building enclosures; theory of regular thermal regime, according to which the temperature field at all points of the cooled body (in this case, the heating system) changes in the same way, obeying the exponential law; software computer calculations. Research results: In a room of a residential building, the indoor air temperature will reach the dew point (12.5 ℃) within 8 hours 42 minutes after an emergency shutdown of the heating system and zero value - after 23 hours 42 minutes. Based on the conducted scientific research, it can be stated that the thermal storage capacity of external enclosures, due to their design features, plays a primary role in preserving the thermal regime of a residential dwelling after the heating system is turned off.

This research examines the application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize energy storage optimizations with the objectives of improving energy generation, cost-efficiency, system dependability, and environmental sustainability. The optimisation of solar panel and energy storage capacities was conducted using empirical data from various microgrid locations: Site 1, which had a capacity of 90 kW solar and 40 kW wind, Site 2, which had a capacity of 50 kW wind and 80 kW solar, Site 3, which had a capacity of 60 kW wind and 110 kW solar, and Site 4, which had a capacity of 45 kW wind and 85 kW solar. The findings suggest that energy generation increased significantly by 15% to 25% across all sites following optimization. Furthermore, significant decreases in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) between 10% and 14% were noted, providing confirmation of the economic feasibility. Increased grid stability of 17% to 24% during periods when microgrids were operating under stable conditions demonstrates that PSO-optimized configurations are dependable. The positive environmental effects of solutions derived from PSO were apparent, as evidenced by the conservation of carbon emissions and ecological footprints, which decreased by 7% to 15%. The sensitivity analysis validated the optimized configurations' robustness, establishing their ability to withstand changes in parameters. In summary, the utilization of PSO to optimize energy storage optimizations showcases its capacity to enhance the efficiency, dependability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of these systems. This advances the possibility of constructing microgrids that exclusively utilize sustainable renewable energy sources.