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Autopsies were conducted according to published US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.3 Six testes samples were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for 3 regions of the COVID-19 virus gene, ORFlabb, N gene, and E gene. In this analysis, evidence of acute testicular injury is seen and is particularly related to oxidative stress, which has previously been reported in animal models in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus.4 We compared our findings to a control group of 7 testes obtained during autopsy from patients who had similar comorbidities and age distribution but were negative for COVID-19. The observed testicular changes in our control group were mainly related to chronic processes (decreased spermatogenesis, reduced Leydig cells, and hyalinization of seminiferous tubules), whereas the changes in COVID-19-positive patients were acute (sloughing of spermatocytes, elongation of spermatids, and swelling of Sertoli cells).

The organism was isolated by antemortem culture of the episiotomy site and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight technology. [...]despite aggressive treatment and surgical intervention, the woman developed toxic shock syndrome, characterized by anasarca, effusions, hemoconcentration, leukocytosis, hemodynamic instability, and end-organ failure.

Clostridium sordellii (C. sordellii) is an anaerobic gram-positive rod most commonly found in the soil and sewage but also as part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina of a small percentage of healthy individuals. C. sordellii infection is considered to result from childbirth, abortion, and/or gynecological procedures. Although many strains of C. sordellii are nonpathogenic, virulent toxin-producing strains exist. Infection with this organism typically manifests as a patient experiencing septic shock rapidly followed by end-organ failure. Identification of C. sordelli has been successful by traditional culture, mass spectrometry methods, and via molecular methods. Herein, we present a fatal case of C. sordellii infection of a postpartum 33-year-old Asian woman. The organism was isolated by culture and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. With the advent of rapid detection methods, antepartum screening for the fatal Clostridium species should be implemented in the general female population.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) accounts for 1% of all lymphoma diagnoses and as many as 6% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Most cases of PCNSL are of B-cell type; few are of T-cell lineage. PCNSL mainly occurs intracranially; primary spinal-cord lymphoma only occurs rarely. Moreover, intramedullary presentation without intracranial lesions is virtually unknown. Herein, we present a case of primary T-cell CNS lymphoma limited to the intramedullary spinal cord in an 82-year-old white man, along with a review of the literature on this condition and similar conditions.

Osteochondromas are common benign bone tumors that are most commonly found in children and adolescents. They are usually slow-growing and located at the metaphysis of the long bones. When present in adults in atypical locations or with concerning features, such as thickened cartilage cap and rapid growth, osteochondromas warrant imaging to assess the risk of malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma and may require surgical excision. Here, we describe the unusual case of an adult male with a rapidly growing osteochondroma of the proximal phalanx that subsequently underwent surgical excision.

Background Preterm infants follow an altered neurodevelopmental trajectory compared to their term born peers as a result of the influence of early birth, and the altered environment. Infant massage in the preterm infant has shown positive effects on weight gain and reduced length of hospital stay. There is however, limited current evidence of improved neurodevelopment or improved attachment, maternal mood or anxiety. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of infant massage performed by the mother in very preterm (VPT) infants. Effects on the infant will be assessed at the electrophysiological, neuroradiological and clinical levels.  Effects on maternal mood, anxiety and mother-infant attachment will also be measured. Methods/Design A randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of massage therapy in VPT infants. Sixty VPT infants, born at 28 to 32 weeks and 6 days gestational age, who are stable, off supplemental oxygen therapy and have normal cranial ultrasounds will be recruited and randomised to an intervention (infant massage) group or a control (standard care) group. Ten healthy term born infants will be recruited as a reference comparison group. The intervention group will receive standardised massage therapy administered by the mother from recruitment, until term equivalent age (TEA). The control group will receive care as usual (CAU). Infants and their mothers will be assessed at baseline, TEA, 12 months and 24 months corrected age (CA), with a battery of clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiological measures, as well as structured questionnaires, psychoanalytic observations and neurodevelopmental assessments. Discussion Optimising preterm infant neurodevelopment is a key aim of neonatal research, which could substantially improve long-term outcomes and reduce the socio-economic impact of VPT birth. This study has the potential to give insights into the mother-baby relationship and any positive effects of infant massage on neurodevelopment. An early intervention such as massage that is relatively easy to administer and could alter the trajectory of preterm infant brain development, holds potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in this vulnerable population. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12612000335897 . Date registered: 22/3/2012.