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This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum L. grown in Yen Bai province, Vietnam-a region where the properties of basil EO have not yet been characterized. The EO extracted from the aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum L. using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 21 chemical constituents were identified, among which estragole was the most abundant compound (84.44%), followed by α-bergamotene (4.47%) and other bioactive compounds. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that basil essential oil from this geographic area may possess distinct chemical and biological characteristics. This study also determined the physicochemical properties (fragrance, acid value, saponification value, freezing point, density, refractive index), antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial ability of this material. It was found to have antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which were determined by DPPH assay and the agar disk diffusion method, respectively. The essential oil from O. basilicum (ObEO) inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), and gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25923).

Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) powder (MP) has emerged as a promising sustainable protein source due to its high nutritional value and low environmental footprint. However, its technological performance in food systems remains fragmented across studies. This review addresses the central question: “How is mealworm powder applied in food technology, and what impacts does it have on nutritional quality, physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, and product safety?” The analysis synthesizes recent findings on MP production processes, compositional characteristics, and its incorporation into various food matrices, including bread, biscuits, pasta, and meat analogues. Overall, evidence shows that MP enhances protein content, modifies textural and functional properties, and can contribute to desirable sensory attributes when used at appropriate substitution levels. Key limitations include potential allergenicity, flavour impacts influenced by processing, and variability in consumer acceptance. This review highlights both the opportunities and challenges of integrating MP into food products, underscoring its potential role in the development of sustainable and diversified protein sources.

Gentiana scabra Bunge, a plant species with long-standing medicinal value, contains many outstanding bioactive compounds, especially secoiridoid glycosides and polysaccharides, which provide biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and support applications in medicine and functional foods. Current studies focus on the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from the roots, determining the structure and chemical bonds, as well as evaluating the basic biological effects. However, most of the data are still qualitative, while quantitative studies on active ingredient content and biological effects are still limited. In addition, studies mainly focus on the roots, while the potential of other parts, such as stems, leaves, and flowers, has not been fully exploited. Another challenge is the limited distribution conditions and cultivation capacity of this species, while the demand for medicinal materials is increasing, which risks causing overexploitation pressure. Furthermore, G. scabra remains poorly known in the international scientific community, resulting in fragmented and unsystematic research data. This review aims to synthesize existing information, assess the application potential, and identify the challenges in the research and development of G. scabra-based products.

Artocarpus tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Gagnep. is an endemic Vietnamese tree that has gained scientific relevance due to its traditional ethnomedicinal uses and emerging nutraceutical potential; however, a comprehensive and systematized synthesis of its chemical composition and biological activities remains limited. This study aimed to critically compile and analyze published scientific evidence on the phytochemical constituents, bioactivities, toxicity, and potential applications of A. tonkinensis. A structured review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted, focusing on studies addressing chemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo biological assays, and pharmacological evaluations. The analysis showed that a wide range of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, benzofurans, chalconoids, and phenolic acids, have been isolated from different plant tissues. Experimental evidence indicates that extracts and isolated compounds exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. In vivo studies reported reductions in arthritis severity ranging from 30 to 60%, together with decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. This review highlights relevant structure–activity relationships, summarizes available toxicity data, and discusses the therapeutic and pharmacological prospects of this species. Overall, the compiled evidence provides a coherent and verifiable scientific basis supporting the potential of A. tonkinensis as a source of bioactive compounds and underscores the need for further biochemical, pharmacological, and applied research. Artocarpus tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Gagnep. es un árbol endémico de Vietnam que ha adquirido relevancia científica debido a sus usos etnomedicinales tradicionales y a su emergente potencial nutracéutico; sin embargo, aún es limitada la existencia de una síntesis integral y sistematizada de su composición química y actividades biológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue recopilar y analizar críticamente la evidencia científica publicada sobre los constituyentes fitoquímicos, las bioactividades, la toxicidad y las posibles aplicaciones de A. tonkinensis. Se realizó una revisión estructurada de la literatura científica arbitrada, enfocada en estudios que abordan la caracterización química, ensayos biológicos in vitro e in vivo y evaluaciones farmacológicas. El análisis mostró que una amplia variedad de metabolitos secundarios, incluidos flavonoides, benzofuranos, chalconas y ácidos fenólicos, han sido aislados de diferentes tejidos de la planta. La evidencia experimental indica que los extractos y compuestos aislados presentan actividades antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes, inmunomoduladoras y anticancerígenas significativas. Estudios in vivo reportaron reducciones en la severidad de la artritis que oscilaron entre 30 y 60%, junto con una disminución en los niveles séricos de citocinas proinflamatorias como TNF-α e IL-6. Esta revisión destaca las relaciones estructura–actividad, resume los datos disponibles sobre toxicidad y discute las perspectivas terapéuticas y farmacológicas de esta especie. En conjunto, la evidencia compilada proporciona una base científica coherente y verificable que respalda el potencial de A. tonkinensis como fuente de compuestos bioactivos y subraya la necesidad de realizar investigaciones bioquímicas, farmacológicas y aplicadas adicionales. 

The goal of this research is to evaluate the influence of the polyphenols extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root on the lipid oxidation, chemical properties and sensory characteristics of ground beef during frozen storage. Beef was ground in aqueous solutions of polyphenols extract at different concentrations: 830, 415, 277, 208 and 166 mg GAE/L, polyphenols solution/sample ratio is 1/20 (v/w). Then, the ground beef was stored for up to 100 days at -20±2oC. The best oxidation inhibitor for ground beef was at the highest polyphenols concentration of 830 mg GAE/L. All quality parameters (pH, PoV, MDA, color parameter and sensory evaluation) of the treated sample and of the control sample display significant differences during storage period. For this reason, it was concluded that the polyphenols extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root could be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant in beef processing.

The study was conducted on the basis of conditions of extraction factors including solvents, solvent concentration, solid/solvent ratio, time and extraction temperature which affect total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of red turmeric (C. zanthorrhiza) extract. The yield of the polyphenols extraction process was determined by the total phenolic compounds (TPC) as well as the antioxidant activity (AC). Generally, the highest TPC and AC of ultrasound-assisted extraction are 130±0.51 mg GAE/g DW and 31.32±0.53 цmol Fe/g DW at the acetone concentration of 60% as the solvent, solid/solvent ratio of 1/35, extraction temperature of 40 °C for 20 minutes. The surface structure of solid before and after treatment changes significantly

Evaluating the prognosis of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) who may be at risk of poor outcomes using grading systems is one way to make a better decision on treatment for these patients. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the modified World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grading Scales in predicting the outcomes of patients with aSAH. From August 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study on adult patients with aSAH in three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. The primary outcome was the 90-day poor outcome, measured by a score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death) on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We calculated the areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUROCs) to determine how well the grading scales could predict patient prognosis upon admission. We also used ROC curve analysis to find the best cut-off value for each scale. We compared AUROCs using Z-statistics and compared 90-day mean mRS scores among intergrades using the pairwise multiple-comparison test. Finally, we used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the 90-day poor outcome. Of 415 patients, 32% had a 90-day poor outcome. The modified WFNS (AUROC: 0.839 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.795-0.883]; cut-off value[greater than or equal to]2.50; P.sub.AUROC <0.001), WFNS (AUROC: 0.837 [95% CI: 0.793-0.881]; cut-off value[greater than or equal to]3.5; P.sub.AUROC <0.001), and H&H scales (AUROC: 0.836 [95% CI: 0.791-0.881]; cut-off value[greater than or equal to]3.5; P.sub.AUROC <0.001) were all good at predicting patient prognosis on day 90.sup.th after ictus. However, there were no significant differences between the AUROCs of these scales. Only grades IV and V of the modified WFNS (3.75 [standard deviation, SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), WFNS (3.75 [SD: 2.46] vs 5.24 [SD: 1.68], p = 0.026, respectively), and H&H scales (2.96 [SD: 2.60] vs 4.97 [SD: 1.87], p<0.001, respectively) showed a significant difference in the 90-day mean mRS scores. In multivariable models, with the same set of confounding variables, the modified WFNS grade of III to V (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 9.090; 95% CI: 3.494-23.648; P<0.001) was more strongly associated with the increased risk of the 90-day poor outcome compared to the WFNS grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.383; 95% CI: 2.661-15.310; P<0.001) or the H&H grade of IV to V (AOR: 6.146; 95% CI: 2.584-14.620; P<0.001). In this study, the modified WFNS, WFNS, and H&H scales all had good discriminatory abilities for the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Because of the better effect size in predicting poor outcomes, the modified WFNS scale seems preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.

This multicentre prospective cohort study aimed to compare the accuracy of the PAASH, WFNS, and Hunt and Hess (H&H) scales in predicting the outcomes of adult patients with aneurysmal SAH presented to three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from August 2019 to June 2021. Of 415 eligible patients, 32.0% had a 90-day poor outcome, defined as an mRS score of 4 (moderately severe disability) to 6 (death). The PAASH, WFNS and H&H scales all have good discriminatory abilities for predicting the 90-day poor outcome. There were significant differences in the 90-day mean mRS scores between grades I and II ( p  = 0.001) and grades II and III ( p  = 0.001) of the PAASH scale, between grades IV and V ( p  = 0.026) of the WFNS scale, and between grades IV and V ( p  < 0.001) of the H&H scale. In contrast to a WFNS grade of IV–V and an H&H grade of IV–V, a PAASH grade of III–V was an independent predictor of the 90-day poor outcome. Because of the more clearly significant difference between the outcomes of the adjacent grades and the more strong effect size for predicting poor outcomes, the PAASH scale was preferable to the WFNS and H&H scales.

The prevalence of risk factors for poor outcomes from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) varies widely and has not been fully elucidated to date in Vietnam. Understanding the risk and prognosis of aneurysmal SAH is important to reduce poor outcomes in Vietnam. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the rate of poor outcome at 90 days of ictus and associated factors from aneurysmal SAH in the country. We performed a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients (≥18 years) presenting with aneurysmal SAH to three central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, from August 2019 to August 2020. We collected data on the characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with aneurysmal SAH and compared these data between good (defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 to 3) and poor (mRS, 4-6) outcomes at 90 days of ictus. We assessed factors associated with poor outcomes using logistic regression analysis. Of 168 patients with aneurysmal SAH, 77/168 (45.8%) were men, and the median age was 57 years (IQR: 48-67). Up to 57/168 (33.9%) of these patients had poor outcomes at 90 days of ictus. Most patients underwent sudden-onset and severe headache (87.5%; 147/168) and were transferred from local to participating central hospitals (80.4%, 135/168), over half (57.1%, 92/161) of whom arrived in central hospitals after 24 hours of ictus, and the initial median World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading score was 2 (IQR: 1-4). Nearly half of the patients (47.0%; 79/168) were treated with endovascular coiling, 37.5% (63/168) were treated with surgical clipping, the remaining patients (15.5%; 26/168) did not receive aneurysm repair, and late rebleeding and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) occurred in 6.1% (10/164) and 10.4% (17/163) of patients, respectively. An initial WFNS grade of IV (odds ratio, OR: 15.285; 95% confidence interval, CI: 3.096-75.466) and a grade of V (OR: 162.965; 95% CI: 9.975-2662.318) were independently associated with poor outcomes. Additionally, both endovascular coiling (OR: 0.033; 95% CI: 0.005-0.235) and surgical clipping (OR: 0.046; 95% CI: 0.006-0.370) were inversely and independently associated with poor outcome. Late rebleeding (OR: 97.624; 95% CI: 5.653-1686.010) and DCI (OR: 15.209; 95% CI: 2.321-99.673) were also independently associated with poor outcome. Improvements are needed in the management of aneurysmal SAH in Vietnam, such as increasing the number of aneurysm repairs, performing earlier aneurysm treatment by surgical clipping or endovascular coiling, and improving both aneurysm repairs and neurocritical care.

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of intracerebral haematoma (ICH) on the outcomes and the factors related to an ICH in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) in a low- and middle-income country.DesignA multicentre prospective cohort study.SettingThree central hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.ParticipantsThis study included all patients (≥18 years) presenting with aSAH to the three central hospitals within 4 days of ictus, from August 2019 to June 2021, and excluded patients for whom the admission Glasgow Coma Scale was unable to be scored or patients who became lost at 90 days of follow-up during the study.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was ICH after aneurysm rupture, defined as ICH detected on an admission head CT scan. The secondary outcomes were 90-day poor outcomes and 90-day death.ResultsOf 415 patients, 217 (52.3%) were females, and the median age was 57.0 years (IQR: 48.0–67.0). ICH was present in 20.5% (85/415) of patients with aSAH. There was a significant difference in the 90-day poor outcomes (43.5% (37/85) and 29.1% (96/330); p=0.011) and 90-day mortality (36.5% (31/85) and 20.0% (66/330); p=0.001) between patients who had ICH and patients who did not have ICH. The multivariable regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.674; 95% CI: 1.372 to 5.214; p=0.004), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades II (AOR: 3.683; 95% CI: 1.250 to 10.858; p=0.018) to V (AOR: 6.912; 95% CI: 2.553 to 18.709; p<0.001) and a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm (AOR: 3.717; 95% CI: 1.848 to 7.477; p<0.001) were independently associated with ICH on admission.ConclusionsIn this study, ICH was present in a substantial proportion of patients with aSAH and contributed significantly to a high rate of poor outcomes and death. Higher SBP, worse WFNS grades and ruptured MCA aneurysms were independently associated with ICH on admission.