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"HUTCHISON, EMMA"
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Affective communities in world politics : collective emotions after trauma
\"Emotions underpin how political communities are formed and function. Nowhere is this more pronounced than in times of trauma. The emotions associated with suffering caused by war, terrorism, natural disasters, famine and poverty can play a pivotal role in shaping communities and orientating their politics. This book investigates how 'affective communities' emerge after trauma. Drawing on several case studies and an unusually broad set of interdisciplinary sources, it examines the role played by representations, from media images to historical narratives and political speeches. Representations of traumatic events are crucial because they generate socially embedded emotional meanings which, in turn, enable direct victims and distant witnesses to share the injury, as well as the associated loss, in a manner that affirms a particular notion of collective identity. While ensuing political orders often re-establish old patterns, traumatic events can also generate new 'emotional cultures' that genuinely transform national and transnational communities\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Theorizing emotions in world politics
Emotions play an increasingly important role in international relations research. This essay briefly surveys the development of the respective debates and then offers a path forward. The key challenge, we argue, is to theorize the processes through which individual emotions become collective and political. We further suggest that this is done best by exploring insights from two seemingly incompatible scholarly tendencies: macro theoretical approaches that develop generalizable propositions about political emotions and, in contrast, micro approaches that investigate how specific emotions function in specific circumstances. Applying this framework we then identify four realms that are central to appreciating the political significance of emotions: (1) the importance of definitions; (2) the role of the body; (3) questions of representation; and (4) the intertwining of emotions and power. Taken together, these building blocks reveal how emotions permeate world politics in complex and interwoven ways and also, once taken seriously, challenge many entrenched assumptions of international relations scholarship.
Journal Article
Fear no more: emotions and world politics
Although emotions play a significant role in world politics they have so far received surprisingly little attention by International Relations scholars. Numerous authors have emphasised this shortcoming for several years now, but strangely there are still only very few systematic inquiries into emotions and even fewer related discussions on method. The article explains this gap by the fact that much of International Relations scholarship is conducted in the social sciences. Such inquiries can assess emotions up to a certain point, as illustrated by empirical studies on psychology and foreign policy and constructivist engagements with identity and community. But conventional social science methods cannot understand all aspects of phenomena as ephemeral as those of emotions. Doing so would involve conceptualising the influence of emotions even when and where it is not immediately apparent. The ensuing challenges are daunting, but at least some of them could be met by supplementing social scientific methods with modes of inquiry emanating from the humanities. By drawing on feminist and other interpretive approaches we advance three propositions that would facilitate such cross-disciplinary inquiries. (1) The need to accept that research can be insightful and valid even if it engages unobservable phenomena, and even if the results of such inquiries can neither be measured nor validated empirically; (2) The importance of examining processes of representation, such as visual depictions of emotions and the manner in which they shape political perceptions and dynamics; (3) A willingness to consider alternative forms of insight, most notably those stemming from aesthetics sources, which, we argue, are particularly suited to capturing emotions. Taken together, these propositions highlight the need for a sustained global communication across different fields of knowledge.
Journal Article
DISCOURSE AND EMOTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The field of International Relations (IR) has recently witnessed the emergence of a wide variety of different approaches to make sense of the many ways emotions work in and through discourse. This forum takes stock of and investigates this link based on two interrelated questions: Why study emotions through discourse? How can we study emotions through discourse? Concerning the first question, we argue that textual and verbal utterances provide us with a promising way to make emotions empirically accessible for researchers. Regarding the second question, we argue that it is essential to develop specific criteria for the study of emotions via speech acts. We propose three criteria that the study of emotion discourse must answer to, which revolve around theory (what is an emotion?), expression (how are emotions communicated?), and effects (what do emotions do?). In a step toward fostering engagement and dialogue on these questions, the contributors of this forum propose a variety of approaches to study emotion discourse in world politics. The idea is to explore the ways in which discourse evokes, reveals, and engages emotions and how these effects can speak to larger questions in IR. Precisely, the goal with this forum is to go beyond the “emotions matter” approach of the first wave of emotions scholarship in IR to offer more specific ways to integrate the consideration of emotion into existing research, particularly that of a constructivist vein.
Journal Article
Introduction: Emotions and world politics
Emotions play a central role in world politics, but so far remain under-theorized by international relations scholars. This neglect can be at least partially attributed to a number of deeply embedded modern assumptions that conceptualize emotions in opposition to reason
Journal Article
Reconciliation
Peacebuilding and reconciliation are intrinsically linked. The former refers to the broad process of establishing order and stability after conflict. The latter deals more specifically with the deep societal wounds that inevitably open up after war and other traumatic events. Antagonisms are often so entrenched and societies so divided that initial peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions can, at best, stop the conflict and start the reconstruction process. Add to this that prevailing approaches often focus on immanent tasks: providing security, building institutions, safeguarding the rule of law and implementing democratization (Cousens and Kumar 2001; Mac Ginty and Richmond 2009; Pugh 2000; Richmond 2008; Richmond 2011; Richmond and Franks 2009).
Book Chapter
Emotions in the war on terror
Terrorist attacks are deeply traumatic. They disrupt the normal course of life and leave a profoundly emotional impact, often generating fear, anger and resentment. Dealing with the legacy of such traumas is a major political challenge. Yet this challenge is often exacerbated by prevailing ways of confronting the threat of terrorism. In most instances, political elites deal with the legacy of pain and death by re-imposing order. Emotions, such as fear, are manipulated to justify particular policy approaches. A case in point here is the situation following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (9/11), when the US government and its allies employed a strong rhetoric of evil to gain broad support for their 'war on terror', most notably for their invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Such an appropriation of emotions builds a sense of identity and political community that rests on a stark separation between a safe inside and a threatening outside. Dealt with in this way, the threat and continuing trauma of terrorism can come to inscribe and perpetuate exclusive and often violent ways of configuring community. Rather than solving the problems at stake, ensuing political attitudes generate new antagonisms which, in turn, increase rather than reduce the spectre of terrorism.
Book Chapter