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Moderate or Intense Low–oxygen Diluted (MILD) combustion is a promising technology with interesting ‎properties such as high efficiency and zero-emission. The biogas-syngas mixture is also considered a ‎promising new renewable biofuel with low emissions. This work aims to examine the effects of several ‎parameters on the biogas-syngas flame structure and emissions under MILD conditions in the Jet in Hot ‎Co flow (JHC) burner. The turbulence is modeled by the modified standard k-ε model; whereas ‎combustion-turbulence interaction is handled by the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) in conjunction with ‎three detailed reaction mechanisms, namely: GRI-Mech 3.0, GRI-Mech 2.11, and DRM 2.11. Effects of ‎biogas-syngas composition, temperature, and oxygen concentration in the hot co-flow and Reynolds ‎number of the fuel jet have been elucidated. Results show that flame structure is more sensitive to the ‎increase of hydrogen in syngas than that of methane in biogas. An increase of oxygen concentration or ‎temperature in the co-flow stream leads to more NO formation whereas Reynolds number augmentation ‎reduced them. Furthermore, NO species production is globally governed by the NNH route‎‎.

The potentially invasive alien flora of Algeria: first description of potentially invasive species cultivated in nurseries and gardens. Description of the subject. The potentially invasive alien flora cultivated in the wilaya of Skikda has never previously been the subject of research. In view of the adverse effects this flora has on ecosystems if it becomes invasive, a study was carried out in 60 horticultural localities, spread over 4 nurseries, 54 private gardens and 2 gardens of Skikda University. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the potentially invasive species cultivated in these localities, to study their characteristics, and to estimate their degree of naturalization. Method. A list of potentially invasive species was elaborated on the basis of the international lists appearing in various existing studies. The floristic records specify the biological type and the possible fruiting and regeneration of the seedlings followed in situ. The degree of naturalization of the species was determined by conducting surveys in three municipalities. Results. Fifty species and 43 genera, belonging to 29 botanical families, were identified. The best represented families were Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Myrtaceae and Poaceae. Species of American origin were largely dominant (46%), followed by Asian (26%) and Australian (20%) species, and finally, by those of southern African (8%) origin. All biological types were recorded, with a dominance shown by woody species (66%). Fruiting was observed in 40 species, only 13 of which managed to produce seedlings in the vicinity of the mother plants. Eleven species were naturalized in the sites prospected, 2 were in the process of naturalization, and 37 were non-naturalized species. Conclusions. For the first time in the region, a preliminary list of potentially invasive species cultivated has been established. This should allow the implementation of an action plan to monitor the cultivation and commercialization of these species.

Background/purpose. This study explored the benefits and challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) in education from the perspective of academic staff at Bisha University in Saudi Arabia.AI is a practical field of science and technology that is changing all the fields of capacity development priority. In education, AI has begun generating new teaching and learning solutions that are currently undergoing testing in diverse contexts that require highly developed constructions and a context of teaching and learning.Materials/methods. The researchers adopted a qualitative research method to achieve the objectives of the study. A questionnaire of 30 items and three dimensions was developed. The first dimension (10 items) focused on the benefits of employing AI technologies in tertiary education (Bisha University). The second dimension (10 items) was concentrated on the challenges of using AI technologies in tertiary education (Bisha University) as well. The third dimension (10 items) included solutions and recommendations to address the challenges encountered by faculty members when applying AI technologies at Bisha University.Results. AI technologies were found to offer many academic benefits, particularly in terms of instructional advantages and learning benefits. It provides specialized instruction and skilled teaching for students predicated on respective requirements, concerns, and educational styles. It facilitates linear student assessment, assisting educators to monitor student performance assessment and determine their needs efficiently and adequately.Conclusion. This study has implications in that it could be used by staff members at Bisha University and other Saudi universities to espouse AI technologies in education because of their observable gains and perceivable benefits. The results may help educational establishments and policymakers integrate AI technology tools into teaching and learning.

The top-quark mass is measured in the all-hadronic top-antitop quark decay channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of√s̅= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb ⁻¹ . The large multi-jet background is modelled using a data-driven method. The top-quark mass is obtained from template fits to the ratio of the three-jet to the dijet mass. The three-jet mass is obtained from the three jets assigned to the top quark decay. From these three jets the dijet mass is obtained using the two jets assigned to the W boson decay. The top-quark mass is measured to be 173.72±0.55 (stat.)±1.01 (syst.) GeV.

Detailed measurements of$t$ -channel single top-quark production are presented. They use 20.2 fb $^{-1}$of data collected by the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the LHC. Total, fiducial and differential cross-sections are measured for both top-quark and top-antiquark production. The fiducial cross-section is measured with a precision of 5.8 % (top quark) and 7.8 % (top antiquark), respectively. The total cross-sections are measured to be$\\sigma_{\\mathrm{tot}}(tq) = 56.7^{+4.3}_{-3.8}\\;$ pb for top-quark production and$\\sigma_{\\mathrm{tot}}(\\bar{t}q) = 32.9^{+3.0}_{-2.7}\\;$ pb for top-antiquark production. In addition, the ratio of top-quark to top-antiquark production cross-sections is determined to be$R_t=1.72 \\pm 0.09$ , with an improved relative precision of 4.9 % since several systematic uncertainties cancel in the ratio. The differential cross-sections as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity of both the top quark and the top antiquark are measured at both the parton and particle levels. The transverse momentum and rapidity differential cross-sections of the accompanying jet from the$t$ -channel scattering are measured at particle level. All measurements are compared to various Monte Carlo predictions as well as to fixed-order QCD calculations where available.

A measurement of the splitting scales occuring in thek_(\\mathrm{t}{}{j})et-clustering algorithm is presented for final states containing aZboson. The measurement is done using 20.2 fb ⁻¹of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of√s̅ = 8TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The measurement is based on charged-particle track information, which is measured with excellent precision in thep_(\\mathrm{T}{}{r})egion relevant for the transition between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes. The data distributions are corrected for detector effects, and are found to deviate from state-of-the-art predictions in various regions of the observables.

We present charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event, measured by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in low-luminosity Large Hadron Collider fills corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb ⁻¹ . The distributions were constructed using charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5 and with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV, in events with at least one such charged particle with transverse momentum above 1 GeV. These distributions characterise the angular distribution of energy and particle flows with respect to the charged particle with highest transverse momentum, as a function of both that momentum and of charged-particle multiplicity. The results have been corrected for detector effects and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, experimentally establishing the level of underlying-event activity at LHC Run 2 energies and providing inputs for the development of event generator modelling. The current models in use for UE modelling typically describe this data to 5% accuracy, compared with data uncertainties of less than 1%.

Measurements of the electroweak production of aWboson in association with two jets at high dijet invariant mass are performed using√s̅ = 7and8TeV proton-proton collision data produced by the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding respectively to 4.7 and 20.2 fb ⁻¹of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector. The measurements are sensitive to the production of aWboson via a triple-gauge-boson vertex and include both the fiducial and differential cross sections of the electroweak process.

Same- and opposite-sign charge asymmetries are measured in lepton+jetstt̄events in which ab -hadron decays semileptonically to a soft muon, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb ⁻¹from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of√s̅=8TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The charge asymmetries are based on the charge of the lepton from the top-quark decay and the charge of the soft muon from the semileptonic decay of ab -hadron and are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the experimental acceptance. Four CP asymmetries (one mixing and three direct) are measured and are found to be compatible with zero and consistent with the Standard Model.