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"Hadi, Muhammad"
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Development of High-Strength Self-Consolidating Geopolymer Concrete
This study comprehensively investigates the development of ambient-cured self-consolidating geopolymer concrete (SCGC) based on the chemical composition of binders and alkaline activators. Five factors of the chemical composition of binders and alkaline activators, each with four levels, are used to evaluate and optimize the workability and compressive strength of the high-strength SCGC. The designed SCGC mixtures provided sufficient workability properties and compressive strength between 28 and 70.3 MPa (4061 and 10,196 psi). It was found that the SCGC mixture with a binder content of 600 kg/[m.sup.3] (37.4 lb/[ft.sup.3]), a CaO/([SiO.sub.2] + [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) mass ratio of 0.55, an [Na.sub.2]O/binder mass ratio of 0.11, an [SiO.sub.2]/[Na.sub.2]O mass ratio of 1.2, and an [Na.sub.2]O/[H.sub.2]O mass ratio of 0.35 was the optimum mixture, which achieved a slump flow of 770 mm (30.3 in.), 28-day compressive strength of 70.3 MPa (10,196 psi), and final setting time of 80 minutes. The CaO/([SiO.sub.2] + [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) ratio in binders, binder content, and [Na.sub.2]O/binder mass ratio have been found to be the most influential factors on the workability and compressive strength of ambient-cured SCGC. Microstructural analysis of SCGC mixtures showed that the increase in the CaO/([SiO.sub.2] + [Al.sub.2][O.sub.3]) ratio promoted the formation of calciumaluminate-silicate-hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels and enhanced the compressive strength by filling voids and creating a compact and dense microstructure. Keywords: ambient curing; chemical composition; high strength; selfconsolidating geopolymer concrete (SCGC); Taguchi method; Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).
Journal Article
We the pizza : slangin' pies and savin' lives
\"Poignant stories and 65 insanely delicious recipes for award-winning pizza, wings, and more from Down North, the mission-driven Philadelphia pizzeria owned and operated exclusively by formerly incarcerated people. Philly born-and-bred entrepreneur Muhammad Abdul-Hadi found his true north when he opened Down North Pizza, an award-winning pizza joint that aims to reduce recidivism rates in North Philly. The restaurant was an instant hit, with people lining the blocks on its opening day in 2021 to get their hands on its fluffy on the inside, crispy on the outside Detroit-style pies. Untitled Pizza Cookbook tells the Down North story about how the restaurant fulfills its mission to educate, serve dope food, and offer second chances for the formerly incarcerated. We the Pizza features more than 65 recipes for pizza, wings, fries, drinks, and shakes-plus lots of vegan options-from the hands and minds behind the mission. In addition to photos of the craveable food from the restaurant, the book also provides detailed historical information about incarceration in the United States, with profiles of seven employees who share their story and their second-chance experience. It even features exclusive collaborative recipes from high-profile chefs like Marc Vetri and Marcus Samuelsson. Untitled Pizza Cookbook is a testament to the power of all people to rise above their circumstances. Ultimately, it reveals the power of pizza itself\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes for North Sumatra, Indonesia, Using an Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Cellular Automaton
Land use and land cover (LULC) form a baseline thematic map for monitoring, resource management, and planning activities and facilitate the development of strategies to balance conservation, conflicting uses, and development pressures. In this study, changes in LULC in North Sumatra, Indonesia, are simulated and predicted using an artificial-neural-network-based cellular automaton (ANN-CA) model. Five criteria (altitude, slope, aspect, distance from the road, and soil type) are used as exploratory data in the learning process of the ANN-CA model to determine their impacts on LULC changes between 1990 and 2000; among the criteria, altitude and distance from the road have strong impacts. Comparison between the predicted and the real LULC maps for 2010 illustrates high agreement, with a Kappa index of 0.83 and a percentage of correctness of 87.28%. Then, the ANN-CA model is applied to predict LULC changes in 2050 and 2070. The LULC predictions for 2050 and 2070 demonstrate high increases in plantation area of more than 4%. Meanwhile, forest and crop area are projected to decrease by approximately 1.2% and 1.6%, respectively, by 2050. By 2070, forest and crop areas will decrease by 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively, indicating human influences on LULC changes from forest and cropland to plantations. This study illustrates that the simulation of LULC changes using the ANN-CA model can produce reliable predictions for future LULC.
Journal Article
Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Confined Geopolymer Concrete
This paper investigates the behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) confinement on geopolymer concrete (GPC) cylinders under axial monotonic compression. Results were compared with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) confinement on GPC cylinders. Effects of confinement on failure mode, stressstrain behavior, peak axial compressive stress, and ultimate axial strain of the tested specimens were ascertained and discussed. It was observed that the confinement of BFRP is more effective than the GFRP due to the higher elastic modulus and larger rupture strain of the former. Results were also compared with the existing stress-strain models for FRP confined ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC). It was observed that the existing stress-strain models generally cannot provide accurate predictions of the stressstrain behavior of FRP confined GPC. It was concluded that BFRP confined GPC can be considered as a sustainable alternative to the FRP confined OPC. Keywords: basalt; basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP); compressive behavior; confined geopolymer concrete; geopolymer concrete; glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP); stress-strain model.
Journal Article
Influence of Polypropylene and Glass Fibers on Alkali-Activated Slag/Fly Ash Concrete
Alkali-activated slag/fly ash (AASF) concrete can be used as an environmentally friendly replacement to ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC). However, the development of microcracks in AASF concrete is mainly due to high brittleness, which causes negative impacts on its engineering properties. This study investigates the effect of the addition of non-metallic fibers including polypropylene fiber (PF) and glass fiber (GF) on the engineering properties of ambient-cured AASF concrete. The investigated engineering properties of AASF concrete include workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, direct tensile strength, flexural strength, and stress-strain behavior under axial compression. It was found that the engineering properties of ambient-cured AASF concrete improved significantly with the addition of GF compared to the addition of PF. However, the workability of AASF concrete decreased with the addition of PF and GF. Overall, the ductility of ambient-cured AASF concrete increased significantly with the addition of PF and GF.
Journal Article
Design of Ambient-Cured Alkali-Activated Reactive Powder Concrete Using Taguchi Method
In this paper, the Taguchi method was used to identify the optimum mixture proportions of alkali-activated reactive powder concrete (AARPC) by considering the most influential parameters. Five main parameters, including binder content, alkaline activator-binder ratio (Al-binder), binder-fine aggregate ratio, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio ([Na.sub.2]Si[O.sub.3]-NaOH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, were considered in the mixture design. A total of 18 trial batches were designed according to the L18 array obtained from the Taguchi method. The results showed that the highest average compressive strength was 110.9 MPa (16.08 ksi) and the lowest average compressive strength was 50.6 MPa (7.34 ksi). The test results of the 18 trial batches were then evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method to determine the optimum level of each parameter. It was found that specimens with a binder content of 700 kg/[m.sup.3] (0.025 lb/[in..sup.3]), Al-binder ratio of 0.3, binder-fine aggregate ratio of 0.8, [Na.sub.2]Si[O.sub.3]-NaOH ratio of 2, and NaOH concentration of 14 M produced the highest 28-day compressive strength (116.77 MPa [16.94 ksi]) at the ambient curing conditions. Keywords: alkaline activator; compressive strength; Taguchi method; ultra-high-strength concrete.
Journal Article
Polymer Crosslinked Activated Carbon Pellets for Dye Adsorption
The use of activated carbon (AC) in environmental applications, particularly for water and air purification, is highly valued due to its excellent microstructural and adsorption properties. However, its powdered form presents significant challenges in industrial applications, such as difficulty in handling and potential environmental risks due to its tendency to disperse easily. To overcome these issues, converting activated carbon into a more industrially viable form, such as pellets, is crucial. In this study, pelletizing AC within a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol–diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (PVA–DGEBA) matrix enabled the production of structurally stable cylindrical pellets through the formation of a robust three-dimensional polymeric network. This approach required minimal binder usage and facilitated processing at relatively low temperatures, effectively overcoming common disintegration issues associated with traditional pelletization methods reliant on linear polymer binders and compression-based techniques. The resulting pellets exhibited methylene blue (MB) adsorption (q max ~14.8 mg/g of pellet), which is about 50% of the initial AC’s adsorption capability, and retained structural integrity across multiple aqueous cycles. They also remained stable in methanol, ethanol and acetone by showing no observable disintegration, which highlights their excellent stability. Comprehensive characterizations, including hardness tests, swelling behavior, and various structural evaluations, revealed a mechanical strength of 3.37 ± 0.46 MPa and an adsorption volume of ~250 cm3/g through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, confirming effective crosslinking and the adsorption capabilities of the pellets. This eco-friendly and stable pelletization strategy demonstrated great potential for low-temperature pelletizing of AC, ensuring advanced applications in wastewater treatment even under pressurized conditions, presenting a significant improvement over the traditional method.
Journal Article
Use of Graphene in Ambient-Cured Slag-Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete
The durability performance of geopolymer concrete against severe environmental conditions is important for implementing geopolymer binders as alternatives to ordinary portland cement (OPC). In this experimental investigation, the impact of adding graphene on the durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete was examined. Graphene was added at 0.5% by weight of aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer concrete. Permeability, salt ponding, capillary sorptivity, and immersion in chemical agents were performed to assess the durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete without and with graphene, which were also compared with the durability characteristics of OPC concrete without and with graphene. It was found that the addition of graphene in geopolymer concrete reduced the permeable voids by 12% and water absorption by 9%, and improved the resistance against chloride penetration and sulfuric acid exposure. The compressive strength of geopolymer concrete increased by 20% with the addition of graphene. Also, an approximately 70% reduction in the initial and final rate of water absorption was observed in geopolymer concrete with the addition of graphene. Keywords: absorption; chemical resistance; chloride; geopolymer concrete; graphene nanoplatelets; permeability; porosity.
Journal Article
Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Beam-Column Connections with Novel Connection Details
This paper proposes two novel reinforcement details for glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete (RC) exterior beam-column connections. Four RC exterior beam-column connections with different connection details (SH-bend, GH-bend, Z-bend, and U-bend) were tested under reversed cyclic loading. The two conventional connection details (SH-bend and GH-bend) comprised three 90-degree hooked bar anchorages for longitudinal reinforcement of the beam and four rectangular stirrups (steel or GFRP) within the connection region. In the two novel connection details (Z-bend and U-bend) proposed in this study, U-shaped bars were used as anchorage at the end of the longitudinal reinforcement of the beam. The Z-bend detail contained four extra Z-shaped bars and one rectangular stirrup, and the U-bend detail contained four additional U-bars and four rectangular stirrups at the connection. Experimental results revealed that the U-bend detail achieved higher load capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation than those of the Z-bend and conventional connection details. Keywords: beam-column connection; cyclic performance; diagonal bars; drift ratio; glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars; reinforced concrete.
Journal Article