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The purpose of the paper is to investigate the applicability of theory of planned behavior (TPB) with special emphasis on measuring the direct and moderating effect of subjective norms on attitude, perceived behavioral control and buying intention in context of buying organic food. Structured questionnaires were randomly distributed among academic staffs and students of two universities in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed model fit. Results of the study showed that subjective norms significantly moderate the relationship between attitude and buying intention as well as between perceived behavior control and buying intention. Furthermore, subjective norms significantly influence attitude toward buying intention. The paper provides useful insights for the academics and marketers. Academics may further explore the role of subjective norms in order to have a better understanding of their effects on TPB components. Whereas, marketers can target the opinion leaders and reference groups to increase the demand of organic food. Majority of previous studies overlooked the role of subjective norms in determining the buying intentions with respect to organic food. The striking feature of this study is an in-depth emphasis on exploring the direct and moderating effects of subjective norms on the elements of TPB. Moreover, to the best of authors' knowledge, this is a pioneer study that comprehensively examines the linkage of components of TPB with organic food purchasing in Pakistan.

Environmental problems caused by global warming are becoming alarming with every passing day. To curb greenhouse gas (GhG) emissions, promoting alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and sustainable transport mode choices is critical. This study explores the predictors of eco-social purchase, use, and conservation intentions in a developing country by employing an extended model of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Using a self-administered survey technique, data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 1372 customers of three leading automobile manufacturers from eight big cities of Pakistan. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the measurement and structural models. Results showed that the extended model of TPB received support in the context of Pakistani culture and for the targeted behaviours related to eco-social purchase, use, and conservation intentions concerning AFVs. Implications for marketers and theoretical contribution are discussed at the end.

The importance of the sustainability concept has gained increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the determinants of intention to continue to use the new Metro in Qatar, which is considered a sustainable mode of travel. Therefore, in this paper, a special attention was paid to certain variables, such as environmental concern, perceived quality, and perceived benefits. A quantitative method approach was employed, in which data were collected based on self-administered questionnaires. A total of 1334 Qatar residents responded to the survey questionnaire, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for hypothesis testing. The results confirmed the direct effects of perceived behavioral control, social influence, and attitudes on the intention of residents to continue to use the Metro network in their travel. Moreover, perceived behavioral control was found to play a mediating role, enhancing the indirect relationship between perceived benefits and intention to continue to use the Metro network. More importantly, environmental concerns significantly and positively affected the attitudes and perceived behavioral control of travelers; furthermore, these variables presented a mediated influence—through service quality—on the intention to continue to use the Metro network. This study enriched the sustainability behavior literature by examining the influences of crucial factors. Thus, this study is considered of great value for policy-makers who hope to maximize the awareness level of environmental sustainability among the population, in order to encourage them to embrace changes in their lifestyle towards becoming more environmentally responsible.

The importance of the sustainability concept has gained increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. In this context, the aim of this study was to examine the determinants of intention to continue to use the new Metro in Qatar, which is considered a sustainable mode of travel. Therefore, in this paper, a special attention was paid to certain variables, such as environmental concern, perceived quality, and perceived benefits. A quantitative method approach was employed, in which data were collected based on self-administered questionnaires. A total of 1334 Qatar residents responded to the survey questionnaire, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for hypothesis testing. The results confirmed the direct effects of perceived behavioral control, social influence, and attitudes on the intention of residents to continue to use the Metro network in their travel. Moreover, perceived behavioral control was found to play a mediating role, enhancing the indirect relationship between perceived benefits and intention to continue to use the Metro network. More importantly, environmental concerns significantly and positively affected the attitudes and perceived behavioral control of travelers; furthermore, these variables presented a mediated influence—through service quality—on the intention to continue to use the Metro network. This study enriched the sustainability behavior literature by examining the influences of crucial factors. Thus, this study is considered of great value for policy-makers who hope to maximize the awareness level of environmental sustainability among the population, in order to encourage them to embrace changes in their lifestyle towards becoming more environmentally responsible.

This study aims to explore the impact of tourism along with some other regressors, namely labor force, official development assistance, local investment, and inflation rate on the economic growth rate of the developing country of Pakistan. We used annual time series data over the period from 1980 to 2018 for empirical analysis. Based on the order of integration of data, we employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Empirical results vindicated a positive relationship between tourism and growth. The official development assistance and inflation rate have shown significantly negative impacts on the economic growth of Pakistan, whereas domestic investment has shown an insignificantly positive impact on the economic growth. The empirical findings exhibit that tourism plays a key role in the process of economic growth and development of Pakistan. The study recommends that the management authorities should implement appropriate policies to attract more tourists to improve economic growth of Pakistan. Furthermore, sincere efforts are required to ensure macroeconomic stability through controlling inflation, avoiding reception of foreign aid, and encouraging global investment.

The global financial crisis tested ASEAN on their national and business policies following after which successful recovery was witnessed in many of these economies. Nonetheless, economic and business performance seems diverse among them. This research fills information gap of total asset growth and profitability comparisons within and across four ASEAN countries during 2009-2013. It utilizes descriptive, graphs and Turkey's HSD test to make comparisons. Findings reveal that asset growth was greater in all countries after 2009. Profitability of Thai companies was lowest in 2009 and for Singaporean companies, it was better in 2010. Across ASEAN, Indonesian companies had higher asset growth and profitability compared to others in various years. Singaporean companies had overall lowest profitability and Malaysian companies had overall lowest asset growth. With its invaluable contribution, this research adds to information on ASEAN business and corporate climate along with providing input to economic and business policy makers.

The prime objective of this paper is to survey the managers of Bursa Malaysia listed non-financial firms and to divulge their views regarding the significance of various potential factors that may affect dividend decisions. In addition to that, we are also interested in highlighting that how managerial perception about the importance of these factors varies from country to country. Our next objective is to know the level of importance, Malaysian managers give to dividend processes and pattern, firm value. Dividend policy (DP) and residual dividend policy (RDP). Finally, we are interested in measuring the level of support that Malaysian managers provide for different justifications for the payment of dividends. Survey instrument including a cover letter was mailed to chief finance officers (CFO) and finance managers of 493 Bursa Malaysia listed firms in October 2017. In the cover letter, a request was made to all respondents that in case of their non-involvement in dividend decision the letter must be forwarded to concerned authority involved in dividend decisions. The response rate of the current study is 40.09 percent (202 out of 493 firms). The study has used a mail survey of Bursa Malaysia listed non-financial firms that have paid at least one cash dividend during the period of 2013-2016 as a primary means of collecting data. No single pattern in rankings of factors among different countries has emerged. However, like their American, Canadian and Indonesian counterparts, According to Malaysian managers, dividend decisions have a significant effect on firm value. Although, a great deal of support has already been established with all dividend theories, however clientele and agency theory has proven to be the strongest one. In author’s knowledge, this is the first study designed to explore the views of Malaysian managers on DP in Malaysia.

This paper has examined the mediating effect of Organizational Learning Capabilities (OLC) on the relationship between Total Quality Management Practices (TQMP), Supply Chain Management Practices (SCMP) and Firm Supply Performance (FSP). 248 Textile firms were surveyed for the purpose of data collection pertaining to the variables used in the study. A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling technique by employing AMOS software. Findings of the study revealed that TQM practices and SCMP significantly affect Firm Supply Performance. Moreover, Organizational Learning Capability partially mediates the relationship between TQM practices, SCMP, and Firm Supply Performance.

This study proposed a framework for the moderating effect of Access to Finance (AF) on the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM), Market Orientation (MO) and SMEs performance in Nigeria. However, relatively few studies have attempted to consider the relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM), Market Orientation (MO) and SMEs performance. The majority of the studies conducted on the relationship between the construct have presented different findings. In order to bridge the gap, a moderating effect of access to finance is introduce or proposed based on the suggestions of the literature. The study is significant to policy makers, government, regulators, and financial institutions on the need to provide access to finance to the real and potential entrepreneurs for SMEs development in Nigeria. In addition, the study will serve as additional literature to few studies on SMEs performance particularly in emerging economies like Nigeria that has not been explored.