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Common law as something accepted by the rule of wisdom found in the very self of humans formed the earliest type of the legal systems of societies. In most of the legal systems of the world, common law is known as one of the most important resources and is of high significance. Most of the Islamic jurisprudents agree on the authority of common law as an independent or dependent reason or proof. In this regard, the jurisprudents have referred to reasons of the Book (Holy Quran), the Tradition (Sunna), and wisdom. Family laws are included as the most potential fields for the common law to play a significant role in updating the rules and placing them in the right path of recognizing the required components. Thus, by applying a descriptive-analytical method, the present study attempts at studying the function of common law in laws related to the family through investigating the nature, range of inclusion, and legitimacy of common law among the jurisprudents of different Islamic schools and sects as well as studying the opponents' reasons for its documentary authority.

A common field of study between religious studies and medical science and psychology is investigating and using religious practices to achieve mental peace and promote public health in society. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in studies in medical science investigating how Muslim religious practices promote peace and health. Islam views prayer as one of the most important acts of worship, and Muslims are required to perform it five times a day. Prayer is emphasized in the Qur'an to be performed accurately and completely more than other forms of worship, and it is strictly prohibited not to be negligent or abandon it. Hadiths and verses in Islamic sources emphasize prayer's educational, psychological, and health benefits. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method and a content analysis were used to examine the effect of prayer on increasing mental health, as viewed from the perspective of the Qur'an. Several significant health effects of prayer are associated with mental health, including: creating mental peace and security, increasing patience when faced with challenges, preventing fear and sadness, mental coherence, planning power, sense of worth and social identity.

Shahid\" is one of the moral concepts of the Islamic worldview that in the historical course of this term, different and sometimes conflicting interpretations are presented. The terms \"Shahid\" and \"Shahid\" in Arabic words and poetry mean the knowledgeable and witness, which is often used in the Qur'an and hadith. In jurisprudential sources, \"Shahid\" is used to refer to transactions and contracts witness; however, \"Shahid\" only refers to those who have died on the battlefield. The latter use has become so popular among Muslims that its conception has led to a narrow interpretation of some verses and hadiths. Using a Qualitative method by content analysis, the present article examines the historical course and evolution of the meaning of Shahid in terms of terminology, commentary, hadith, and jurisprudence and tries to present the concept of Shahid in different areas by the separation of concepts in different fields to provide an accurate interpretation of the contexts.