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The incidence of infectious diseases in children may be affected by climate change-related disaster risks that increase as extreme weather events become more frequent. Therefore, this research aims to diagnose the impact of such disaster risks on the disease incidence, focusing on diarrhoea, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and acute respiratory infection (ARI), commonly experienced by children. To accomplish this task, we construct integer-valued autoregressive (INAR) models for the number of disease cases among children in several age groups, with an overdispersed distributional assumption to account for its variability that exceeds its central tendency. Additionally, we include the numbers of floods, landslides, and extreme weather events at previous times as explanatory variables. In particular, we consider a case study in Indonesia, a tropical country highly vulnerable to the aforementioned climate change-related diseases and disasters. Using monthly data from January 2010 to December 2024, we find that the incidence of diarrhoea in children is positively impacted by landslides (but negatively affected by floods and extreme weather events). Landslides, frequently caused by excessive rainfall, also increase DHF incidence. Furthermore, the increased incidence of ARI is driven by extreme weather conditions, which are more apparent during and after COVID-19. These findings offer insights into how climate scenarios may increase children’s future health risks. This helps shape health strategies and policy responses, highlighting the urgent need for preventive measures to protect future generations.

The study explores the diverse and flexible coping (FLEX) strategy on a conventional large nuclear power plant connected to an alternative off-site power. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest natural hazards in the world, so the newly-built NPPs are susceptible to station blackout (SBO) accidents one of the highest contributors to the core damage frequency (CDF). The study proposes a dedicated, independent, and direct electrical connection between a pressurized water reactor to a nearby hydropower plant as the alternative off-site power supply during the extended SBO. The study shows that the proposed strategy successfully reduces the SBO frequency by 90%—a net 33% CDF reduction without a major modification to the existing PWR design.

The absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) profile is a crucial parameter that indicates the pharmacokinetics of the drug. The pharmacokinetic properties of a drug represent the fate of the drug in the body. Curcumin is a main compound in turmeric produced by plants of the Curcuma longa species, and has several pharmacological effects in animal and human clinical studies. However, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that curcumin has pharmacokinetic limitations such as poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism which restrict its widespread use. Therefore, various modifications and synthesis of some analogs using curcumin as a lead compound with variations in the main structure and attached substituents have been carried out to explore the pharmacological effects as drug candidates. One of the widely developed methods is the modification of curcumin’s main structure, specifically the conversion from diketone to mono-ketone.In 1997, 2,5-dibenzylidene cyclopentanone analogs were synthesized and their biological activity were performed. However, there is no further information related their pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, those properties were predicted by performing ADME calculation in two online servers, ADMETsar 2.0 and ADMETlab 2.0.. By utilizing the online servers ADMETsar 2.0, and ADMETLab 2.0 for in-silico screening of pharmacokinetic properties, from the 17 compounds, it was found that the variation among pharmacokinetic aspects was observed, either decreasing or increasing drug likeness properties of 2,5-dibenzylidene cyclopentanone analogs compared to curcumin. In addition, the interaction those analogs with protein or enzymes involved during ADME process such as blood plasma protein (albumin), p-Glycoprotein, and CYP3A4 was evaluated by performing molecular docking.. The docking results showed a sufficiently positive correlation with ADME screening outcomes.

Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist is important in hypertension therapy. The low oral bioavailability, due to intensive first pass metabolism and degradation by normal flora in the gut, requires an alternative route of delivery, with transdermal route as an attractive candidate. Nonetheless, there is limited number of studies in this topic. Therefore, this study was aimed to characterize the transport of losartan as well as to optimize the transport based on the presence of propylene glycol and oleic acid as enhancer. Studies were carried out in a vertical diffusion cells where the fresh rat skin was mounted in between the donor and acceptor compartments. Propylene glycol (PG) was incorporated into drug donor solution, while oleic acid (OA) was introduced as an enhancer pretreatment to rat skin prior to the transport studies. Factorial design method was implemented to estimate the optimum formulation condition based on the transport data parameters, i.e. steady state flux (Fluxss) and diffusion lag time (Tag),. Factors studied in the design were drug donor concentration, PG donor concentration and duration of OA pretreatment to the skin. Losartan transpor was optimum at high level of drug donor concentration, low level of PG donor concentration and longer duration of OA pretreatment. Based on the maximum Fluxss achieved (23.1 gg/cm2/h), the estimated plasma concentration of losartan could reach a level of 0.1 gg/ml, which indicates the feasibility of transdermal delivery of losartan. This however requires a solution of the long Tag (15h) during the transdermal transport.