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Scholars of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) advocate discussion as a promising instructional method yet rarely specify how such discussions should be conducted. Facilitating classroom discussions is highly challenging, particularly about emotions. Furthermore, the SEL literature contains contradictory discursive imperatives; it typically overlooks the gaps between students’ and teachers’ emotional codes and how these codes are shaped by culture, class, and gender. The current study explores different ways in which teachers facilitate classroom dialogue about emotions. We analyze data drawn from a two-year ethnographic study conducted as part of a design-based implementation research project aimed at fostering productive dialogue in primary language arts classrooms, looking in particular at two lessons centered around a story about crying. We found two different interactional genres for discussions about emotions: (1) inclusive emotional dialogue, in which students share emotions experienced in their everyday lives; (2) emotional inquiry, in which students explore emotions, their expressions, and their social meanings. Both types of discussion generated informative exchanges about students’ emotions. Yet the discussions also put the teacher and students in challenging positions, often related to the need to navigate between contradictory discursive norms and emotional codes.

Background Differentiating between viral and bacterial etiology is essential in order to enable the adequate use of antibiotics. Previous studies showed that TNF-related apoptosis induced ligand (TRAIL) can serve as a useful biomarker for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections when combined with IP-10 and CRP (ImmunoXpert™). Here we evaluate the potential of a new proteomic fingerprints in children with suspected viral and bacterial infections that had a confirmed viral detection. Methods In the prospective multinational multicenter study “AutoPilot-Dx” (NCT03052088) we aim to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the ImmunoXpert™ test. Infection etiology was assigned by majority adjudication of three experts based on comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigation. Viruses were detected using multiplex-PCR applied to nasopharyngeal swabs (Allplex™, Seegene). We performed an interim analysis of the first 134 febrile children recruited that had both PCR viral detection and etiology determination. TRAIL, IP-10, CRP and ImmunoXpert™ values were measured via a Tecan EVO75 ELISA platform. Results Bacterial diagnoses were assigned by the experts to 29%, 29% and 25% of patients with adenovirus (ADV), rhinovirus (RV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection, respectively. Children with a viral infection including ADV, RSV, and RV had significantly lower ImmunoXpert™ scores as compared with children with a bacterial infection. Notably, TRAIL levels were markedly increased in viral infections as compared with bacterial infection, irrespective of the detected virus. Conclusion Classification of viral infections correlated significantly with elevated TRAIL levels and low ImmunoXpert™ scores. The differential expression of TRAIL in response to viral vs. bacterial infections can complement molecular viral detection, appears useful in the diagnostic workup for febrile children and may reduce antibiotic misuse. Disclosures L. Etshtein, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. N. Mastboim, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. A. Cohen, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. E. Simon, MeMed: Employee, Salary. O. Boico, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. L. Shani, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. T. Gottlieb, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. R. Navon, MeMed Diagnostics: Employee, Salary. K. Oved, MeMed Diagnostics: Board Member, Employee and Shareholder, Salary. E. Eden, MeMed Diagnostics: Board Member, Employee and Shareholder, Salary.