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Encyclopedia of Japanese martial arts
\"This authoritative and comprehensive encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for martial artists of all levels, scholars, researchers, institutions, and anyone interested In Japanese history and culture\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project
The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular function. The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project has provided one of the broadest such characterizations so far. Here we introduce a second wave of data from the study, comprising 1,631 new metagenomes (2,355 total) targeting diverse body sites with multiple time points in 265 individuals. We applied updated profiling and assembly methods to provide new characterizations of microbiome personalization. Strain identification revealed subspecies clades specific to body sites; it also quantified species with phylogenetic diversity under-represented in isolate genomes. Body-wide functional profiling classified pathways into universal, human-enriched, and body site-enriched subsets. Finally, temporal analysis decomposed microbial variation into rapidly variable, moderately variable, and stable subsets. This study furthers our knowledge of baseline human microbial diversity and enables an understanding of personalized microbiome function and dynamics.
Updates from the Human Microbiome Project analyse the largest known body-wide metagenomic profile of human microbiome personalization.
Delving deeper into the human microbiome
The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project, published in 2012, provided a broad overview of the baseline microbiome in healthy individuals using samples from 18 different body sites. In this second installment, the authors expand this dataset with new whole-metagenome sequences and additional time points to assess the diversity and spatiotemporal distributions of the microbiota at six of these body sites. Using a combination of strain profiling, species-level metagenomic functional profiling and longitudinal analyses, this study delivers deeper insights into human microbial communities and provides an important resource for understanding what constitutes a 'healthy' microbiota.
Journal Article
Moons of the solar system : from giant Ganymede to dainty Dactyl
This volume captures the complex world of planetary moons, which are more diverse than Earth's sole satellite might lead you to believe. New missions continue to find more of these planetary satellites, making an up-to-date guide more necessary than ever.
Book
Notch1 mutations drive clonal expansion in normal esophageal epithelium but impair tumor growth
NOTCH1
mutant clones occupy the majority of normal human esophagus by middle age but are comparatively rare in esophageal cancers, suggesting
NOTCH1
mutations drive clonal expansion but impede carcinogenesis. Here we test this hypothesis. Sequencing
NOTCH1
mutant clones in aging human esophagus reveals frequent biallelic mutations that block
NOTCH1
signaling. In mouse esophagus, heterozygous
Notch1
mutation confers a competitive advantage over wild-type cells, an effect enhanced by loss of the second allele. Widespread
Notch1
loss alters transcription but has minimal effects on the epithelial structure and cell dynamics. In a carcinogenesis model,
Notch1
mutations were less prevalent in tumors than normal epithelium. Deletion of
Notch1
reduced tumor growth, an effect recapitulated by anti-NOTCH1 antibody treatment.
Notch1
null tumors showed reduced proliferation. We conclude that
Notch1
mutations in normal epithelium are beneficial as wild-type
Notch1
favors tumor expansion. NOTCH1 blockade may have therapeutic potential in preventing esophageal squamous cancer.
Notch1
mutations have opposing effects on clonal growth in normal and tumor cells of the mouse esophagus. In a mouse model of squamous esophageal tumorigenesis, Notch1 blockade reduced premalignant tumor growth, suggesting that it might be an effective prevention strategy for the disease.
Journal Article
Pop goes the decade. The seventies
\"Part of the Pop Goes the Decade series, this book looks at one of the most memorable decades of the 20th century, highlighting pop culture areas such as film, television, sports, technology, advertising, fashion, and art\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
“Vaccine Passport” Certification — Policy and Ethical Considerations
Rejecting both a sweeping public Covid-vaccination-passport scheme and a ban on private certification is an easy call. In navigating the large, complex space in between, policymakers should consider the nature of privileged activities and the identity of the regulator.
Journal Article
Trick of the eye : art and illusion
Examines illusion in art and explores the techniques, styles, use of perspective, and composition that draw people in for repeated looks.
Book
Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in China's soils: a synthesis of observational data
Inspired by previous studies that have indicated consistent or even well-constrained (relatively low variability) relations among carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soils, we have endeavored to explore general soil C:N:P ratios in China on a national scale, as well as the changing patterns of these ratios with soil depth, developmental stages and climate; we also attempted to determine if well-constrained C: N:P stoichiometrical ratios exist in China's soil. Based on an inventory data set of 2,384 soil profiles, our analysis indicated that the mean C:N, C:P and N:P ratios for the entire soil depth (as deep as 250 cm for some soil profiles) in China were 11.9, 61 and 5.2, respectively, showing a C: N: P ratio of ~ 60: 5:1. C:N ratios showed relatively small variation among different climatic zones, soil orders, soil depth and weathering stages, while C:P and N:P ratios showed a high spatial heterogeneity and large variations in different climatic zones, soil orders, soil depth and weathering stages. No well-constrained C:N:P ratios were found for the entire soil depth in China. However, for the 0-10 cm organic-rich soil, which has the most active organism-environment interaction, we found a well-constrained C:N ratio (14.4, molar ratio) and relatively consistent C:P (136) and N: P (9.3) ratios, with a general C:N:P ratio of 134:9:1. Finally, we suggested that soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in organic-rich topsoil could be a good indicator of soil nutrient status during soil development.
Journal Article
Ten Myths About the Effect of Social Media Use on Well-Being
This viewpoint reviews the empirical evidence regarding the association between social media use and well-being, including life satisfaction and affective well-being, and the association between social media use and ill-being, including loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptomology. To frame this discussion, this viewpoint will present 10 widely believed myths about social media, each drawn from popular discourse on the topic. In rebuttal, this viewpoint will offer a warranted claim supported by the research. The goal is to bring popular beliefs into dialogue with state-of-the-art quantitative social scientific evidence. It is the intention of this viewpoint to provide a more accurate and nuanced claim to challenge each myth. This viewpoint will bring attention to the importance of using rigorous scientific evidence to inform public debates about social media use and well-being, especially among adolescents and young adults.
Journal Article