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Contemporary plays by African American women : ten complete works
African American women have increasingly begun to see their plays performed from regional stages to Broadway. Yet many of these artists still struggle to gain attention. In this volume, Sandra Adell draws from the vital wellspring of works created by African American women in the twenty-first century to present ten plays by both prominent and up-and-coming writers. Taken together, the selections portray how these women engage with history as they delve into--and shake up--issues of gender and class to craft compelling stories of African American life. Gliding from gritty urbanism to rural landscapes, these works expand boundaries and boldly disrupt modes of theatrical representation.
Book
“I Wish All the Ladies Were Holes in the Road”: The US Air Force Academy and the Gendered Continuum of Violence
In 2003, sixty-one women cadets reported sexual assault at the US Air Force Academy, prompting intense media scrutiny and congressional inquiry. The literature on these assaults draws primarily from media and military reports and surveys, with little attention to the daily, lived experience comprising the problematic gender climate. To address this gap, we employ retrospective participant observation spanning the 2003 crisis to explore the everyday gendered interactions and institutional structure that sustained the rape-prone environment. This study makes two primary contributions to the literature. First, we amend Philippe Bourgois’s continuum of violence to include militarization in order to detail more effectively the contribution of quotidian sexual harassment to a rape-prone culture. Second, we identify institutional features—adversative education, unit cohesion, and assessment—as key contributors to sexual harassment and assault and as contributors to victims’ reluctance to report these offenses. Our findings suggest the need for greater scrutiny of sexual harassment as well as intervention into problematic institutional features. We submit the gendered continuum of violence as a powerful analytical tool for feminist research with applications beyond the military, providing new insights into the resilience of gendered harassment and assault but also suggesting new avenues for change.
Journal Article
External Loop Recorders: Primary Care Placement Is Noninferior to Hospital-Based Cardiac Unit
Introduction: External loop recorders (ELRs) are recommended for the investigation of syncope and palpitations. This study aimed to compare rates of arrhythmia detection between primary care (PC) and hospital-based cardiac unit (HBCU) fitted ELRs. Methods: Data were captured from January to December 2015. Twenty-eight general practitioner practices and 1 hospital took part. Patients were divided into those with ELR fitted in PC or HBCU. All ELR data were analyzed by a cardiac physiologist. Results: A total of 560 ELR recordings were analyzed; 219 (PC) versus 341 (HBCU). There was no difference between the baseline characteristics (all Ps > .05). The predominant indication for ELR in each group were palpitations; between-group variation was observed for syncope (P = .0004). There were no significant between-group differences in the number of recordings per patient; however, PC group wore the ELR for less time (median 7 days vs median 14 days; P < .0001). There were no differences in arrhythmia detection between PC- and HBCU-fitted ELRs (16.2% [n = 39] vs 21.7% [n = 74], respectively; P = .28). PC placement of ELRs was highest in very remote rural communities (P = .005) and correlated with distance from HBCU (r = 0.39; P = .04). Conclusions: This study showed no difference in detection of arrhythmias between PC and HBCU fitted ELRs. This suggests adequate ELR recording can be completed by suitably trained staff in PC. Furthermore, ELRs were fitted for less time in PC without an adverse effect on diagnostic yield. ELR usage increased with increasing distance from the specialist center and rurality suggesting improved local access to arrhythmia detection services.
Journal Article
Improving urinary catheterisation practices in a rural hospital in Ontario
IntroductionA urinary catheter constitutes a one-point patient restraint, can induce deconditioning and may lead to patient mortality. An audit performed at Winchester District Memorial Hospital revealed that 20% of patients had a urinary catheter, of whom 31% did not meet the criteria for catheterisation. The main objective of this study was to use the Influencer Change Model and the Choosing Wisely Canada toolkit to create a bundle of interventions that would reduce the unnecessary use of urinary catheters in hospitalised patients.MethodsIn a rural teaching hospital, a time-series quasi-experiment was employed to decrease inappropriate use of urinary catheters. Both the Choosing Wisely Canada toolkit for appropriate use of urinary catheters and the Influencer change management approach were used to create effective interventions.ResultsThis study revealed that there was no improvement in appropriate urinary catheter use during Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle 1. There was gradual improvement during PDSA cycle 2, with the percentage of inappropriate urinary catheter use dropping from an initial 31% before any interventions to less than 5% by the end of this study.Discussion/conclusionThis study aimed to reduce the inappropriate use of urinary catheters in a rural hospital with limited resources. The findings indicate that by using a change model, such as the Influencer Change Model, it is possible to promote better patient care through empowering healthcare staff to implement accepted protocols more stringently and thereby to decrease the inappropriate use of urinary catheters to 0%.
Journal Article
Finger-Length Ratios in Female Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Sexual Orientation
The second to fourth finger digit ratio (2D:4D ratio) is a sex-dimorphic characteristic in humans that may reflect relative levels of first trimester prenatal sex hormones. Low interdigital ratio has been associated with high levels of androgens. It has been reported in unrelated women that low 2D:4D ratio is associated with lesbian sexual orientation, but because of the nature of those samples, it was not possible to conclude whether lower ratio (and hypothetically, higher androgen levels) in lesbians are due to differences in genetics as opposed to differences in environment. To test the hypothesis that low 2D:4D in lesbians is due to differences in environment, interdigital ratio data were analyzed in a sample of female monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for sexual orientation (1 twin was lesbian, the other was heterosexual; n = 7 pairs). A control group of female MZ twins concordant for sexual orientation (both twins were lesbian) was used as a comparison (n = 5 pairs). In the twins discordant for sexual orientation, the lesbian twins had significantly lower 2D:4D ratios on both the right and left hands than their heterosexual cotwins. There were no significant differences for either hand in the twins concordant for sexual orientation. Because MZ twins share virtually the same genes, differences in 2D:4D ratio suggest that low 2D:4D ratio is a result of differences in prenatal environment.
Journal Article
Helping Military Parents Cope
Increasingly, mental health professionals are providing counseling services to military families. Military parents often struggle with child-rearing issues and experience difficulty meeting the fundamental needs for trust and safety among their children because they are consumed with stress and their own needs. Military family dynamics and parenting styles are explored and counseling strategies are presented. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Computationally restoring the potency of a clinical antibody against Omicron
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the promise of monoclonal antibody-based prophylactic and therapeutic drugs
1
–
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and revealed how quickly viral escape can curtail effective options
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,
5
. When the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in 2021, many antibody drug products lost potency, including Evusheld and its constituent, cilgavimab
4
–
6
. Cilgavimab, like its progenitor COV2-2130, is a class 3 antibody that is compatible with other antibodies in combination
4
and is challenging to replace with existing approaches. Rapidly modifying such high-value antibodies to restore efficacy against emerging variants is a compelling mitigation strategy. We sought to redesign and renew the efficacy of COV2-2130 against Omicron BA.1 and BA.1.1 strains while maintaining efficacy against the dominant Delta variant. Here we show that our computationally redesigned antibody, 2130-1-0114-112, achieves this objective, simultaneously increases neutralization potency against Delta and subsequent variants of concern, and provides protection in vivo against the strains tested: WA1/2020, BA.1.1 and BA.5. Deep mutational scanning of tens of thousands of pseudovirus variants reveals that 2130-1-0114-112 improves broad potency without increasing escape liabilities. Our results suggest that computational approaches can optimize an antibody to target multiple escape variants, while simultaneously enriching potency. Our computational approach does not require experimental iterations or pre-existing binding data, thus enabling rapid response strategies to address escape variants or lessen escape vulnerabilities.
By demonstrating a computational approach to restore the clinical efficacy of a COVID-19 antibody, the potential to rapidly update clinical antibodies is explored.
Journal Article
Dermatoglyphic analysis of total finger ridge count in female monozygotic twins discordant for sexual orientation
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that prenatal environment contributes to the development of sexual orientation in females. The research involved a dermatoglyphic analysis of finger ridge count in two groups of female monozygotic twins: a study group which was discordant for sexual orientation, and a control group which was concordant for sexual orientation. The trait, total finger ridge count, was analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched pair statistic. In the female control group ridge counts were not significantly different. However, for the female twins discordant for sexual orientation, the null hypothesis was rejected (T = 0; p ≤ .01), with the lesbian twins showing a consistent trend for lower total finger ridge counts than their heterosexual cotwins. It is concluded that in females, prenatal environmental differences are correlated with differences in sexual orientation, and that second trimester prenatal environment is likely to be a contributing factor in the etiology of this trait.
Journal Article
Under Domestic Pressure: The Political Consequences of Naming and Shaming Campaigns
Is there a real risk for leaders who commit human rights abuses to lose their positions of political power? Thanks to efforts in making knowledge regarding human rights violations more available in the public domain, human rights advocacy campaigns can serve as the catalyst for citizens to act politically against their government. Some leaders, however, particularly those who do not rely as strongly on their general population for votes, taxes, and revenue, are less likely to beware of traditional political or economic consequences. In addition to showing the political problems that leaders can face in systems where vote choice and elections matter, this work will also show that leaders in non-democratic societies should still be concerned with maintaining their political power as the threat of irregular removal from office grows. Unfortunately, when leaders do decide to improve their human rights conditions because of pressure, they may attempt to placate both domestic and international parties by covertly replacing one form of abuse with another. The subject of this dissertation will, therefore, explore the domestic outcomes of naming and shaming campaigns.
Dissertation
Making Equity Training Equitable : Creating a Sustainable Anti-Biased/Anti-Racist and Equity Pedagogy Training-To-Classroom Framework with Equitable Teacher Supports, Resources, and Measures
A mixed-method study in the United States of a northeastern regional charter middle school (CGA) attempted to address the underrepresentation of Black students in academic opportunities and success and their overrepresentation in student discipline by addressing the root causes: teachers’ racial and cultural biases and equity instruction efficacy. With a diverse student population taught by predominantly white teaching staff, prior equity initiatives had experienced consistent failures, leading to negative teacher perceptions of equity training and evaluation, ultimately negatively impacting the Black CGA student middle school experience. Through monthly hour-long equity training called Teacher Crew, aligned with a three-month, growth-centered coaching cycle, nine teacher participants saw significant equity efficacy and classroom implementation growth. There also was a significant shift from cynicism to engagement with equity training for all CGA MS faculty and staff participants. Though the three-month study did not significantly impact Black students' educational experience (i.e., academics and discipline), the shift in teacher mindsets showed a change in teachers' engagement in equity pedagogical training and willingness to actualize equity practices within their classrooms. Establishing a personal, equitable, and safe equity training environment supported teachers in embarking on their equity journey, avoiding white fragility detours, and addressing their racial and cultural biases directly while in community with others, ultimately moving the organization towards an equity-responsive culture, increasing the potential for sustainability of future equity-centered initiatives.
Dissertation