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"Hall, Matthew"
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Generalized Quasi-Static Mooring System Modeling with Analytic Jacobians
This paper presents a generalized and efficient method for quasi-static analysis of mooring systems, including complex scenarios such as when shared mooring lines interconnect multiple floating wind or wave energy devices. While quasi-static mooring models are well established, most published formulations are focused on specific applications, and no publicly available implementations provide efficient handling of large mooring system networks. The present formulation addresses these gaps by: (1) formulating solutions for edge cases not typically supported by quasi-static models; (2) creating a fully generalized model structure such that any combination of mooring lines, point masses, and floating bodies can be assembled; and (3) deriving analytic expressions for the system Jacobians (stiffness matrices) so that systems with many degrees of freedom can be solved efficiently. These techniques form the theory basis of MoorPy, an open-source mooring analysis library. The model is demonstrated on nine scenarios of increasing complexity with features of interest for offshore renewable energy applications. When compared with steady-state results from a lumped-mass dynamic model, the results show that the quasi-static formulation accurately calculates profiles and tensions and that its analytic approach provides more efficient and reliable computation of system stiffness matrices than finite-differencing methods. These results verify the accuracy of the MoorPy model.
Journal Article
The nature of supreme court power
\"This book offers a comprehensive theory of Supreme Court power, identifying conditions under which the Court is successful at altering the behavior of state and private actors. Matthew E. K. Hall depicts the Court as a powerful institution, capable of exerting significant influence over social change\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Revisiting the role of ABC transporters in multidrug-resistant cancer
Most patients who die of cancer have disseminated disease that has become resistant to multiple therapeutic modalities. Ample evidence suggests that the expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, also known as P-glycoprotein or P-gp), which is encoded by ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), can confer resistance to cytotoxic and targeted chemotherapy. However, the development of MDR1 as a therapeutic target has been unsuccessful. At the time of its discovery, appropriate tools for the characterization and clinical development of MDR1 as a therapeutic target were lacking. Thirty years after the initial cloning and characterization of MDR1 and the implication of two additional ABC transporters, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1; encoded by ABCC1)), and ABCG2, in multidrug resistance, interest in investigating these transporters as therapeutic targets has waned. However, with the emergence of new data and advanced techniques, we propose to re-evaluate whether these transporters play a clinical role in multidrug resistance. With this Opinion article, we present recent evidence indicating that it is time to revisit the investigation into the role of ABC transporters in efficient drug delivery in various cancer types and at the blood–brain barrier.
Journal Article
Accelerating antiviral drug discovery: lessons from COVID-19
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a wave of rapid and collaborative drug discovery efforts took place in academia and industry, culminating in several therapeutics being discovered, approved and deployed in a 2-year time frame. This article summarizes the collective experience of several pharmaceutical companies and academic collaborations that were active in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antiviral discovery. We outline our opinions and experiences on key stages in the small-molecule drug discovery process: target selection, medicinal chemistry, antiviral assays, animal efficacy and attempts to pre-empt resistance. We propose strategies that could accelerate future efforts and argue that a key bottleneck is the lack of quality chemical probes around understudied viral targets, which would serve as a starting point for drug discovery. Considering the small size of the viral proteome, comprehensively building an arsenal of probes for proteins in viruses of pandemic concern is a worthwhile and tractable challenge for the community.The COVID-19 pandemic spurred a wave of rapid and collaborative drug discovery efforts. This Perspective article summarizes scientific drivers and considerations behind such antiviral small-molecule discovery programmes and proposes strategies to accelerate future efforts.
Journal Article
Standardization of ELISA protocols for serosurveys of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using clinical and at-home blood sampling
The extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout the United States population is currently unknown. High quality serology is key to avoiding medically costly diagnostic errors, as well as to assuring properly informed public health decisions. Here, we present an optimized ELISA-based serology protocol, from antigen production to data analyses, that helps define thresholds for IgG and IgM seropositivity with high specificities. Validation of this protocol is performed using traditionally collected serum as well as dried blood on mail-in blood sampling kits. Archival (pre-2019) samples are used as negative controls, and convalescent, PCR-diagnosed COVID-19 patient samples serve as positive controls. Using this protocol, minimal cross-reactivity is observed for the spike proteins of MERS, SARS1, OC43 and HKU1 viruses, and no cross reactivity is observed with anti-influenza A H1N1 HAI. Our protocol may thus help provide standardized, population-based data on the extent of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, immunity and infection.
Understanding the infection parameters and host responses against SARS-CoV-2 require data from large cohorts using standardized methods. Here, the authors optimize a serum ELISA protocol that has minimal cross-reactivity and flexible sample collection workflow in an attempt to standardize data generation and help inform on COVID-19 pandemic and immunity.
Journal Article
The rough guide to Portugal
TRAVEL & HOLIDAY GUIDES. The Rough Guide to Portugal is the ultimate travel guide to one of the world's most popular holiday destinations. With in-depth coverage to guide you and stunning photography to inspire you, The Rough Guide to Portugal will ensure you make the most of your time in Portugal, whether you plan to relax on the Algarve's vast swathes of golden sand, surf the wave-lashed west coast or hike through the country's unspoilt mountainous interior. Crystal clear maps help you explore Portugal further, from tracking down fashionable hangouts in Lisbon to discovering the port wine lodges in Porto. Insider reviews reveal the best places to eat, drink and sleep with something for every budget, whether you plan to enjoy the country's pousadas by staying in a stunningly converted monastery or castle, gorge on pasteis de Belem in Lisbon, or sip your way along a wine route in the Alentejo. Make the most of your trip with The Rough Guide to Portugal.
Book
Fibrous nonlinear elasticity enables positive mechanical feedback between cells and ECMs
In native states, animal cells of many types are supported by a fibrous network that forms the main structural component of the ECM. Mechanical interactions between cells and the 3D ECM critically regulate cell function, including growth and migration. However, the physical mechanism that governs the cell interaction with fibrous 3D ECM is still not known. In this article, we present single-cell traction force measurements using breast tumor cells embedded within 3D collagen matrices. We recreate the breast tumor mechanical environment by controlling the microstructure and density of type I collagen matrices. Our results reveal a positive mechanical feedback loop: cells pulling on collagen locally align and stiffen the matrix, and stiffer matrices, in return, promote greater cell force generation and a stiffer cell body. Furthermore, cell force transmission distance increases with the degree of strain-induced fiber alignment and stiffening of the collagen matrices. These findings highlight the importance of the nonlinear elasticity of fibrous matrices in regulating cell–ECM interactions within a 3D context, and the cell force regulation principle that we uncover may contribute to the rapid mechanical tissue stiffening occurring in many diseases, including cancer and fibrosis.
Journal Article