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"Hall, Michael R."
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Historical dictionary of Haiti
\"Historical Dictionary of Haiti, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Structure and proteomic analysis of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster sp.) radial nerve cord
The nervous system of the Asteroidea (starfish or seastar) consists of radial nerve cords (RNCs) that interconnect with a ring nerve. Despite its relative simplicity, it facilitates the movement of multiple arms and numerous tube feet, as well as regeneration of damaged limbs. Here, we investigated the RNC ultrastructure and its molecular components within the of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS;
Acanthaster sp
.), a well-known coral predator that in high-density outbreaks has major ecological impacts on coral reefs. We describe the presence of an array of unique small bulbous bulbs (40–100 μm diameter) that project from the ectoneural region of the adult RNC. Each comprise large secretory-like cells and prominent cilia. In contrast, juvenile COTS and its congener
Acanthaster brevispinus
lack these features, both of which are non-corallivorous. Proteomic analysis of the RNC (and isolated neural bulbs) provides the first comprehensive echinoderm protein database for neural tissue, including numerous secreted proteins associated with signalling, transport and defence. The neural bulbs contained several neuropeptides (e.g., bombyxin-type, starfish myorelaxant peptide, secretogranin 7B2-like, Ap15a-like, and ApNp35) and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1-like proteins. In summary, this study provides a new insight into the novel traits of COTS, a major pest on coral reefs, and a proteomics resource that can be used to develop (bio)control strategies and understand molecular mechanisms of regeneration.
Journal Article
Confirming elections : creating confidence and integrity through election auditing
\"Prior to the disputed 2000 presidential election, for most Americans the administration of elections was never a concern. Largely, the administration of elections, the technologies used in the process, and the general procedures used were typically of concern only to election officials, candidates running for office and those managing their races, and a very few academics. This volume begins to fill that vacuum by bringing together in one book a number of essays that citizens, academics, election officials, policy makers, and other stakeholders can read to become better informed about procedures that used today to audit elections and election administration, and to learn more about new approaches to improve existing election audit procedures. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Review of the Giant Triton (Charonia tritonis), from Exploitation to Coral Reef Protector?
Charonia tritonis (Charoniidae), one of the largest marine gastropods and an echinoderm specialist, preys on Crown-of-Thorns starfish (CoTS), a recurring pest that continues to be a leading cause of coral mortality on Indo-Pacific reefs. Widespread historical exploitation has impacted their numbers, with standing populations considered rare throughout their habitat. Their life-stage attributes, i.e., teleplanic larvae, planktotrophic phase spanning years permitting transoceanic dispersal, and recruitment to coral reefs through oceanic influx with intense larval mortality, have likely hindered their recovery. Decline in numbers is hypothesised to account partially for periodic CoTS outbreaks, yet predator-prey dynamics between these two species that might influence this are poorly understood. The C. tritonis excretory secretome elicits a proximity deterrence effect on CoTS, the nature of which is under investigation as a possible tool in CoTS biocontrol scenarios. However, specificity and zone of impact in situ are unknown, and whether the mere presence of C. tritonis and/or predation pressure has any regulatory influence over CoTS populations remains to be established. The fundamental taxonomy and distinctive characteristics, biology and ecology of C. tritonis is summarized, and knowledge gaps relevant to understanding their role within coral reefs identified. Information is provided regarding exploitation of C. tritonis across its habitat, and prospects for conservation interventions, including captive rearing and stock enhancement to repopulate local regions, are discussed. Its predator-prey ecology is also examined and potential to mitigate CoTS considered. Recommendations to direct future research into this predator and for its inclusion in a CoTS integrated pest management strategy to improve coral reef health are offered.
Journal Article
Evaluating elections : a handbook of methods and standards
\"This book focuses on how the tools of public management and policy evaluation can be used to give election officials the data they need to improve elections\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Identification of putative olfactory G-protein coupled receptors in Crown-of-Thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci
Background
In marine organisms, and in particular for benthic invertebrates including echinoderms, olfaction is a dominant sense with chemosensation being a critical signalling process. Until recently natural product chemistry was the primary investigative approach to elucidate the nature of chemical signals but advances in genomics and transcriptomics over the last decade have facilitated breakthroughs in understanding not only the chemistry but also the molecular mechanisms underpinning chemosensation in aquatic environments. Integration of these approaches has the potential to reveal the fundamental elements influencing community structure of benthic ecosystems as chemical signalling modulates intra- and inter-species interactions. Such knowledge also offers avenues for potential development of novel biological control methods for pest species such as the predatory Crown-of-Thorns starfish (COTS),
Acanthaster planci
which are the primary biological cause of coral cover loss in the Indo-Pacific.
Results
In this study, we have analysed the COTS sensory organs through histological and electron microscopy. We then investigated key elements of the COTS molecular olfactory toolkit, the putative olfactory rhodopsin-like G protein-protein receptors (GPCRs) within its genome and olfactory organ transcriptomes. Many of the identified
Acanthaster planci
olfactory receptors (
ApORs
) genes were found to cluster within the COTS genome, indicating rapid evolution and replication from an ancestral olfactory GPCR sequence. Tube feet and terminal sensory tentacles contain the highest proportion of
ApORs
. In situ hybridisation confirmed the presence of four
ApORs
,
ApOR15, 18, 25 and 43
within COTS sensory organs, however expression of these genes was not specific to the adhesive epidermis, but also within the nerve plexus of tube feet stems and within the myomesothelium. G alpha subunit proteins were also identified in the sensory organs, and we report the spatial localisation of Gαi within the tube foot and sensory tentacle.
Conclusions
We have identified putative COTS olfactory receptors that localise to sensory organs. These results provide a basis for future studies that may enable the development of a biological control not only for COTS, but also other native pest or invasive starfish.
Journal Article
Chemical Ecology of Chemosensation in Asteroidea: Insights Towards Management Strategies of Pest Species
Within the Phylum Echinodermata, the class Asteroidea, commonly known as starfish and sea stars, encompasses a large number of benthos inhabiting genera and species with various feeding modalities including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detritivores. The Asteroidea rely on chemosensation throughout their life histories including hunting prey, avoiding or deterring predators, in the formation of spawning aggregations, synchronizing gamete release and targeting appropriate locations for larval settlement. The identities of many of the chemical stimuli that mediate these physiological and behavioural processes remain unresolved even though evidence indicates they play pivotal roles in the functionality of benthic communities. Aspects of chemosensation, as well as putative chemically-mediated behaviours and the molecular mechanisms of chemoreception, within the Asteroidea are reviewed here, with particular reference to the coral reef pest the Crown-of-Thorns starfish Acanthaster planci species complex, in the context of mitigation of population outbreaks.
Journal Article
Probing the Electronic Structure of Dinuclear Carbon-Rich Complexes Containing an Octa-3,5-diene-1,7-diyndiyl Bridging Ligand
One electron oxidation of the monometallic alkenylacetylide complexes [RuC≡CC(R)=CH2(dppe)Cp*] (1) and [RuC≡CC(R)=CH2Cl(dppe)2] (2) (R = Ph (a); R = 4-MeS-C6H4 (b)) generates in each case a dinuclear bis(allenylidene) complex [Ru2μ-C=C=C(R)–CH2–H2C–(R)C=C=C][PF6]2 (Ru = Ru(dppe)Cp* ([3a,b][PF6]2); Ru = RuCl(dppe)2 ([4a,b][PF6]2), containing an unsaturated ethane bridge between both allenylidene moieties. Deprotonation of this ethane bridge results in the formation of the previously reported octa-3,5-diene-1,7-diyndiyl-bridged bimetallic species [Ru2μ-C≡CC(R)=CH–HC=(R)CC≡C] (Ru = Ru(dppe)Cp* (5a,b); Ru = RuCl(dppe)2 (6a,b). The isolation of these complexes illustrates a general synthetic route to these conjugated bimetallic species from monomeric alkenylacetylide precursors. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations evince the ready formation of the representative redox series [5a]n+, and TD-DFT calculations performed on optimised structures featuring the simplified Ru(dmpe)Cp coordination sphere [Ru(dmpe)Cp2μ-C≡CC(Ph)=HC–CH(Ph)CC≡C]n+ ([5a†]n+) (n = 0, 1, 2) reveal significant delocalisation of the unpaired charge in the formally mixed-valent species (n = 1), consistent with Class III assignment within the Robin–Day classification scheme.
Journal Article
Diversity of Marine-Derived Fungal Cultures Exposed by DNA Barcodes: The Algorithm Matters
Marine fungi are an understudied group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by unresolved genealogies and unstable classification. Whereas DNA barcoding via the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) provides a robust and rapid tool for fungal species delineation, accurate classification of fungi is often arduous given the large number of partial or unknown barcodes and misidentified isolates deposited in public databases. This situation is perpetuated by a paucity of cultivable fungal strains available for phylogenetic research linked to these data sets. We analyze ITS barcodes produced from a subsample (290) of 1781 cultured isolates of marine-derived fungi in the Bioresources Library located at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Our analysis revealed high levels of under-explored fungal diversity. The majority of isolates were ascomycetes including representatives of the subclasses Eurotiomycetidae, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae and Saccharomycetidae. The phylum Basidiomycota was represented by isolates affiliated with the genera Tritirachium and Tilletiopsis. BLAST searches revealed 26 unknown OTUs and 50 isolates corresponding to previously uncultured, unidentified fungal clones. This study makes a significant addition to the availability of barcoded, culturable marine-derived fungi for detailed future genomic and physiological studies. We also demonstrate the influence of commonly used alignment algorithms and genetic distance measures on the accuracy and comparability of estimating Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by the automatic barcode gap finder (ABGD) method. Large scale biodiversity screening programs that combine datasets using algorithmic OTU delineation pipelines need to ensure compatible algorithms have been used because the algorithm matters.
Journal Article