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Pedophilia has become a topic of increased interest, awareness, and concern for both the medical community and the public at large. Increased media exposure, new sexual offender disclosure laws, Web sites that list the names and addresses of convicted sexual offenders, politicians taking a “get tough” stance on sexual offenders, and increased investigations of sexual acts with children have increased public awareness about pedophilia. Because of this increased awareness, it is important for physicians to understand pedophilia, its rate of occurrence, and the characteristics of pedophiles and sexually abused children. In this article, we address research that defines the various types and categories of pedophilia, review available federal data on child molestation and pornography, and briefly discuss the theories on what makes an individual develop a sexual orientation toward children. This article also examines how researchers determine if someone is a pedophile, potential treatments for pedophiles and sexually abused children, the risk of additional sexual offenses, the effect of mandatory reporting laws on both physicians and pedophiles, and limitations of the current pedophilic literature.

Background: The emerging research in the literature continues to forecast a drastic and alarming increase in negative mental health and sleep health outcomes among populations, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly influenced people’s way of life. With mental health pharmaceutical interventions continuing to be stigmatized and inaccessible among populations, natural supplements provide an opportunity for intervention. Objective: This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the most recent comprehensive evidence for which nutritional supplements have the greatest therapeutic impact on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Methods: A systematic search of the literature, utilizing several databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, was conducted on 29 April 2022. We used developed keywords and MeSH terms for the search. The study eligibility criteria included (1) a randomized control trial; (2) investigating a plant-based therapeutic or natural supplement as the intervention; (3) measuring at least one health outcome of the following: anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or sleep health outcomes; (4) utilizing validated measurement tools to measure the outcome of interest; (5) written in the English language; (6) peer reviewed; and (7) focused on adults and elderly populations. Main Results: Following the PRISMA guidelines, 76 studies were included in this review. We used the revised Risk of Bias tool (RoB2) to assess the quality of all included randomized control trials. A qualitative data synthesis was conducted. Overall, we found several valuable insights from the evidence in the literature, including evidence that demonstrates the benefits of probiotics and vitamin B complexes on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Implication of Key Findings: This review provides the most updated findings in the literature on the topic, including an abundance of research that was published in the past 5 years. Given the expected rise in negative mental and sleep health outcomes following the pandemic, the supplements and therapeutics identified in this study should be the target of intervention measures to increase their accessibility and affordability and allow them to be incorporated into clinical guidelines of treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022361130.

On November 2, 2010, the US Supreme Court heard arguments in the case of Schwarzenegger v Entertainment Merchants Association, with a ruling expected in 2011. This case addressed whether states have the right to restrict freedom of speech by limiting the sale of violent video games to minors. To date, 8 states have tried to pass legislation to this effect, with all attempts being found unconstitutional by lower courts. In large part, the Supreme Court's decision will be determined by its review and interpretation of the medical and social science literature addressing the effects of violent video games on children. Those on both sides of the violent video game debate claim that the scientific literature supports their opinions. Some involved in the debate have proclaimed that the debate is scientifically settled and that only people holding personal interests and biases oppose these “established truths.” We review the historical similarities found in the 1950s comic book debate and studies identified from a PubMed search of the term violent video games showing both the harmful and beneficial effects of these video games. We define factors that physicians need to consider when reading and stating opinions about this literature. Opinions from past court rulings are discussed to provide insight into how judges may approach the application of these social science studies to the current legal issue. Although on the surface the case of Schwarzenegger v Entertainment Merchants Association pertains only to the restriction of violent video games, it may establish principles about how medical and public health testimony can affect fundamental constitutional rights and how much and on what basis the courts will defer to legislators' reliance on unsettled science.

Dr. Dippy One of the first representations of a mental health professional as a protagonist in a comedic show, and an example of a Dr. Dippy, was psychologist Dr. Bob Hartley on CBS’ The Bob Newhart Show in the 1970s. Fünke is a psychiatrist, specifically a psychoanalyst and therapist turned aspiring actor, after losing his medical license for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on someone who was asleep poolside. Fünke also wrestles with a fictionalized psychiatric condition, being a “never nude” (akin to the actual gymnophobia, or fear of nudity), which the show defines as a “rare psychological affliction of never being able to be completely naked” [4]. [...]Fünke demonstrates Dr. Dippy’s role in comedic television: a psychiatrist whose own problems eclipse those of his patients. Reston can be used in teaching moments, to illustrate boundary violations, misuses of confidential information, and power dynamics that can exist between doctors and patients.

[...]the professor did need to refocus the discussion off of tangential topics such as unrelated movies and who would win in a fight between the Hulk and the Thing (see Table 1 for additional ways comic books can be used to discuss various mental health concepts). Comic book hero stories that can be used to teach mental health concepts Psychopathology Condition/symptom Character/issue Teaching points* Bipolar Hank Pym “Initiate: Chapter 5” Avengers A.I. (2013) Aspects of bipolar disorder and individuals coming to acceptance of their symptoms Depression Daredevil #10 (2014) Graphic representation of loneliness, feelings of isolation, and despair Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Jessica Jones: Alias (2001–2004) Aspects of symptoms, behavior, and coping mechanisms (positive and negative) Delusions Wonder Woman #15 (2017) Question of “psychotic/nervous breaks” and the importance of obtaining an adequate history to determine truth vs delusion “Psychotic Break” Scarlet Witch in House of M (2005) Notion of fantasy worlds as a way to cope with pain Obsessive compulsive disorder Batman in Heroes in crisis (2016) Though Batman could have complicated grieving, depression, or PTSD, here for the man who plans for everything, the discussion point is to consider if he has OCPD or a form of OCD Schizophrenia Sentry, multiple story lines (e.g., Sentry 1–5 (2000)) Another character with multiple diagnoses, of schizophrenia, GAD, and agoraphobia. Treatment Sub-topic Character/issue Description Psychotherapy Silk #1–14 (2015) Shows nature of therapeutic relationship and how it often takes time to build trust and to make change Psychotropic Medication therapy The Unstoppable Wasp G.I.R.L. VS A.I.M #6 (2018) Discussion of medication and nature of illness and why it is important to engage in treatment Ego defense mechanisms Deadpool (2012–2015) Highlights coping techniques such as humor, denial, repression, cognitive dissonance, avoidance Trauma treatment Heroes in Crisis (2018–2019) Long-term effects of chronic trauma with potential analogies to high functioning groups such as police, fire, and military (e.g., PIES model of trauma treatment historically used by military) Societal/general concepts Psychiatrists encounter Condition Character/issue Teaching points Domestic violence The Batman Adventures: Mad Love (1994) and The Court Marshal of Yellow Jacket.The Avengers #213 (1981) Highlights pathology of abusers and co-dependent nature of some relationships Highlights reactions of others to abuse and potential characteristics of abusers Immigration “Lend a Friendly hand” World’s Finest Comics #111 (1960) Brief one pager which highlights empathy and understanding for others Grieving Batman and Robin #18 (2013) Shows aspects of grieving and ways individuals cope with loss of a loved one or child Extremism Iron Man Extremis story line (2005–2006) and Several Captain America storylines and Superman Storylines Can highlight aspects of extreme political philosophies and how individuals justify their actions. Substance use disorders Condition Character/issue Teaching points Alcoholism “Demon in the Bottle” The invincible Iron Man #128 (1979) Leads to discussion of symptoms of alcoholism and effects on relationships Opioid addiction “Snowbirds Don’t Fly” Green Arrow/Green Lantern #85–86 (1971) Historic example of how Heroin addiction is detected and people believe could not happen to their family Anabolic Steroid Abuse “Batman Venom” Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight #16–20 (1991) Allows for discussion on motivation and effects of using anabolic steroids Methamphetamine “Streets of Poison” Captain America #372–378 (1994) Discussion related to methamphetamines and accidental exposure to substances Cocaine (or representation thereof) Ultraman in Forever Evil storyline (2013) Shows addictive nature of substances, lengths people may go to continue using, and perceived euphoric effects Prescription Pills Abuse “The Bottom” Moon Knight #1 (2006) Demonstrates prescription pill abuse after physical injury and patterns that can occur such as mixing with alcohol *Characters, comics,

Dosimetry for photodynamic therapy is dependent on multiple parameters. Critically, in vivo tissue optical properties and hemodynamics must be determined carefully to calculate the total delivered light dose. Spectroscopic analysis of diffuse reflectance measurements of tissues taken during a clinical trial of 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a-mediated photodynamic therapy for pleural malignancies. Diffuse reflectance measurements were taken immediately before and after photodynamic therapy. Measurements were analyzed with a nonlinearly constrained multiwavelength, multi-distance algorithm to extract tissue optical properties, tissue oxygen saturation, StO2, and total hemoglobin concentration (THC). A total of 25 patients were measured, 23 of which produced reliable fits for optical property extraction. For all tissue types, StO2 ranged through [24, 100]% and [22, 97]% for pre-photodynamic therapy (PDT) and post-PDT conditions, respectively. Mean THC ranged through [ 69,152 ] μM and [ 48,111 ] μM, for pre-PDT and post-PDT, respectively. Absorption coefficients, μa, ranged through [ 0.024 , 3.5 ] cm - 1 and [ 0.039 , 3 ] cm - 1 for pre-PDT and post-PDT conditions, respectively. Reduced scattering coefficients, μs', ranged through [ 1.4 , 73.4 ] cm - 1 and [ 1.2 , 64 ] cm - 1 for pre-PDT and post-PDT conditions, respectively. There were similar pre- and post-PDT tissue optical properties and hemodynamics. The high variability in each parameter for all tissue types emphasizes the importance of these measurements for accurate PDT dosimetry.

Simultaneous measurement of force and position often relies on delicate tactile sensing systems that only measure small forces at discrete positions. This study proposes a compact, durable sensor which can provide simultaneous and continuous measurements of force and position using multiple strain gauges mounted on a cantilever beam. When a point force is applied to the cantilever, the strain gauges are used to determine the magnitude of the applied force and its position along the beam. A major advantage of the force-position sensor concept is its compact electronics and durable sensing surface. We designed, tested, and evaluated three different prototypes for the force-position sensor concept. The prototypes achieved an average percent error of 1.71% and were highly linear. We also conducted a thorough analysis of design variables and their effects on performance. The force and position measurement ranges can be adjusted by tuning the material and geometric properties of the beam and the spacing of the strain gauges. The accuracy of force measurements is dependent upon applied load, but insensitive to the location of the applied load. Accuracy of position measurements is also dependent upon applied load and weakly dependent upon position of the applied load.

Produced water is the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas production. It has a complex matrix composed of native constituents from geologic formation, chemical additives from fracturing fluids, and ubiquitous bacteria. Characterization of produced water is critical to monitor field operation, control processes, evaluate appropriate management practices and treatment effectiveness, and assess potential risks to public health and environment during the use of treated water. There is a limited understanding of produced water composition due to the inherent complexity and lack of reliable and standardized analytical methods. A comprehensive description of current analytical techniques for produced water characterization, including both standard and research methods, is discussed in this review. Multi-tiered analytical procedures are proposed, including field sampling; sample preservation; pretreatment techniques; basic water quality measurements; organic, inorganic, and radioactive materials analysis; and biological characterization. The challenges, knowledge gaps, and research needs for developing advanced analytical methods for produced water characterization, including target and nontarget analyses of unknown chemicals, are discussed.

This paper discusses the development of a multi-directional, universal, electromagnetic energy harvester. The device is a ball consisting of two parts: a rigid spherical core with internal tubes, coils and magnets, and a flexible silicone-based shell holding a carrier fluid. The multi-directional aspect of the design comes from the device’s spherical shape. The harvester generates energy when subject to compressive force, by moving fluid through a tube, pushing a permanently magnetized ball through a coil wound around the tube. A combination of 3-D printed PLA plastic and molded silicone was used to produce a prototype. The energy harvester can be utilized in applications where there is an oscillating compression and it is not limited to certain applications due to its universal ball shape. It was tested at five different frequencies between 4–15 Hz on its four different outer sides producing electricity at a range of 17 to 44 mV.

PurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of targeted ECO/miR-200c in modulating tumor microenvironment and treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) using non-invasive magnetic resonance molecular imaging (MRMI) of extradomain B fibronectin (EDB-FN) with a targeted MRI contrast agent.MethodsMDA-MB-231 and Hs578T TNBC cells were transfected with RGD-PEG-ECO/miR-200c. Invasive and migratory potential was evaluated using transwell, scratch wound, and spheroid formation assays. Athymic nude mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T xenografts were treated with weekly i.v. injection of RGD-PEG-ECO/miR-200c nanoparticles at 1.0 mg/kg/week RNA for 6 weeks. MRMI of EDB-FN was performed using a targeted contrast agent MT218 [ZD2-N3-Gd(DO3A)] on a 3 T MRS 3000 scanner. T1-weighted images were acquired following intravenous injection of MT218 at dose of 0.1 mmol/kg using a fast spin echo axial sequence with respiratory gating.ResultsSystemic administration of RGD-PEG-ECO/miR-200c nanoparticles in mice bearing orthotopic TNBC xenografts significantly suppressed tumor progression without toxic side-effects. MRMI with MT218 revealed that the treatment significantly suppressed tumor proliferation as compared to the control. MRMI also showed that the miR-200c treatment altered tumor microenvironment by reducing EDB-FN expression, as evidenced by decreased contrast enhancement in both MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T tumors. The reduction of EDB-FN was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.ConclusionsTargeted delivery of miR-200c with RGD-PEG-ECO/miR-200c nanoparticles effectively modulates tumor microenvironment and suppresses TNBC proliferation in animal models. MRMI of tumor EDB-FN expression is effective to non-invasively monitor tumor response and therapeutic efficacy of RGD-PEG-ECO/miR-200c nanoparticles in TNBC.