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Why aren't more schools seeing significant improvement in students' reading ability when they implement Response to Intervention (RTI) or Multitiered Systems of Support (MTSS) in their literacy programs? These frameworks serve as a way for educators to identify struggling readers and provide the small-group instruction they need to improve their skills. But the success stories are too few in number, and most schools have too little to show for their efforts. What accounts for the difference? What are successful schools doing that sets them apart? Author and education consultant Susan Hall provides answers in the form of 10 success factors for implementing MTSS. Based on her experience in schools across the United States, she explains the \"whys\" and \"hows\" of * Grouping by skill deficit and using diagnostic assessments to get helpful data for grouping and regrouping. * Implementing an instructional delivery model, including the \"walk-to-intervention\" model. * Using intervention time wisely and being aware of what makes intervention effective. * Providing teachers with the materials they need for effective lessons and delivering differentiated professional development for administrators, reading coaches, teachers, and instructional assistants. * Monitoring progress regularly and conducting nonevaluative observations of intervention instruction. Practical, comprehensive, and evidence-based, 10 Success Factors for Literacy Intervention provides the guidance educators need to move from disappointing results to solid gains in students' literacy achievement.

This research-based book helps readers to improve all students′ reading skills. It is packed with practical tools for implementing RTI quickly, efficiently, and successfully, and downloadable forms are available online.

Purpose: Multiplex genetic testing, including both moderate- and high-penetrance genes for cancer susceptibility, is associated with greater uncertainty than traditional testing, presenting challenges to informed consent and genetic counseling. We sought to develop a new model for informed consent and genetic counseling for four ongoing studies. Methods: Drawing from professional guidelines, literature, conceptual frameworks, and clinical experience, a multidisciplinary group developed a tiered-binned genetic counseling approach proposed to facilitate informed consent and improve outcomes of cancer susceptibility multiplex testing. Results: In this model, tier 1 “indispensable” information is presented to all patients. More specific tier 2 information is provided to support variable informational needs among diverse patient populations. Clinically relevant information is “binned” into groups to minimize information overload, support informed decision making, and facilitate adaptive responses to testing. Seven essential elements of informed consent are provided to address the unique limitations, risks, and uncertainties of multiplex testing. Conclusion: A tiered-binned model for informed consent and genetic counseling has the potential to address the challenges of multiplex testing for cancer susceptibility and to support informed decision making and adaptive responses to testing. Future prospective studies including patient-reported outcomes are needed to inform how to best incorporate multiplex testing for cancer susceptibility into clinical practice. Genet Med 17 6, 485–492.

Purpose To better understand the longitudinal risks and benefits of telephone disclosure of genetic test results in the era of multigene panel testing. Methods Adults who were proceeding with germline cancer genetic testing were randomized to telephone disclosure (TD) with a genetic counselor or in-person disclosure (IPD) (i.e., usual care) of test results. All participants who received TD were recommended to return to meet with a physician to discuss medical management recommendations. Results Four hundred seventy-three participants were randomized to TD and 497 to IPD. There were no differences between arms for any cognitive, affective, or behavioral outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Only 50% of participants in the TD arm returned for the medical follow-up appointment. Returning was associated with site ( p  < 0.0001), being female ( p  = 0.047), and not having a true negative result ( p  < 0.002). Mammography was lower at 12 months among those who had TD and did not return for medical follow-up (70%) compared with those who had TD and returned (86%) and those who had IPD (87%, adjusted p  < 0.01). Conclusion Telephone disclosure of genetic test results is a reasonable alternative to in-person disclosure, but attention to medical follow-up may remain important for optimizing appropriate use of genetic results.

BackgroundBRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction.MethodsWe evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia.ResultsThe rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75).ConclusionsThese results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.

Background Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA) and competencies represent components of a competency-based education framework. EPAs are assessed based on the level of supervision (LOS) necessary to perform the activity safely and effectively. The broad competencies, broken down into narrower subcompetencies, are assessed using milestones, observable behaviors of one’s abilities along a developmental spectrum. Integration of the two methods, accomplished by mapping the most relevant subcompetencies to each EPA, may provide a cross check between the two forms of assessment and uncover those subcompetencies that have the greatest influence on the EPA assessment. Objectives We hypothesized that 1) there would be a strong correlation between EPA LOS ratings with the milestone levels for the subcompetencies mapped to the EPA; 2) some subcompetencies would be more critical in determining entrustment decisions than others, and 3) the correlation would be weaker if the analysis included only milestones reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Methods In fall 2014 and spring 2015, the Subspecialty Pediatrics Investigator Network asked Clinical Competency Committees to assign milestone levels to each trainee enrolled in a pediatric fellowship for all subcompetencies mapped to 6 Common Pediatric Subspecialty EPAs as well as provide a rating for each EPA based upon a 5-point LOS scale. Results One-thousand forty fellows were assessed in fall and 1048 in spring, representing about 27% of all fellows. For each EPA and in both periods, the average milestone level was highly correlated with LOS (rho range 0.59–0.74; p  < 0.001). Correlations were similar when using a weighted versus unweighted milestone score or using only the ACGME reported milestones ( p  > 0.05). Conclusions We found a strong relationship between milestone level and EPA LOS rating but no difference if the subcompetencies were weighted, or if only milestones reported to the ACGME were used. Our results suggest that representative behaviors needed to effectively perform the EPA, such as key subcompetencies and milestones, allow for future language adaptations while still supporting the current model of assessment. In addition, these data provide additional validity evidence for using these complementary tools in building a program of assessment.

Purpose Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer. It is unclear, however, whether this association is due to shared genetic factors. Methods We constructed a genetic risk score (GRS) using risk variants from 33 known independent T2D susceptibility loci and evaluated its relation to breast cancer risk using the data from two consortia, including 62,328 breast cancer patients and 83,817 controls of European ancestry. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to derive adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) to measure the association of breast cancer risk with T2D GRS or T2D-associated genetic risk variants. Meta-analyses were conducted to obtain summary ORs across all studies. Results The T2D GRS was not found to be associated with breast cancer risk, overall, by menopausal status, or for estrogen receptor positive or negative breast cancer. Three T2D associated risk variants were individually associated with breast cancer risk after adjustment for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method (at p  < 0.001), rs9939609 ( FTO ) (OR 0.94, 95 % CI = 0.92–0.95, p  = 4.13E−13), rs7903146 ( TCF7L2 ) (OR 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.06, p  = 1.26E−05), and rs8042680 ( PRC1 ) (OR 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.95–0.99, p  = 8.05E−04). Conclusions We have shown that several genetic risk variants were associated with the risk of both T2D and breast cancer. However, overall genetic susceptibility to T2D may not be related to breast cancer risk.

The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. By Anna Clark. Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776-1995. By David E. Kyvig. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 5 vols. Edited by Barbara A. Tenenbaum et al. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. By Richard M. Eaton. Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar, 1733-1820. By Kumkum Chatterjee. The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom. By Paul Stuart Landau. Eunuchs and Sacred Boundaries in Islamic Society. By Shaun Marmon. Re-Inventing the Jewish Past: European Jewish Intellectuals and the Zionist Return to History. By David N. Myers. Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran. By Parvin Paidar. Are We Not Also Men? The Samkange Family and African Politics in Zimbabwe 1920-64. By Terence Ranger. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. By Stephen E. Ambrose. The New South, 1945-1980. A History of the South, Vol. 11. By Numan V. Bartley. Our Southern Zion: A History of Calvinism in the South Carolina Low Country, 1690-1990. By Erskine Clarke. The Landscape of Belief: Encountering the Holy Land in Nineteenth-Century American Art and Culture. By John Davis. America's Secret War Against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920. By David S. Foglesong. Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. By Adam Garfinkle. Oil, Banks, and Politics: The United States and Postrevolutionary Mexico, 1917-1924. By Linda B. Hall. George Washington's Schooners: The First American Navy. By Chester G. Hearn. Harry Byrd of Virginia. By Ronald L. Heinemann. The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920-1961. By Jeff Kisseloff. Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. By Robert Middlekauff. The Life of Jedediah Morse: A Station of Peculiar Exposure. By Richard J. Moss. FDR and the Holocaust. Edited by Verne W. Newton. Political Power in Alabama: The More Things Change. ... By Anne Permaloff and Carl Grafton. Consumer Rites: The Buying & Selling of American Holidays. By Leigh Eric Schmidt. Texas, New Mexico, and the Compromise of 1850: Boundary Dispute & Sectional Crisis. By Mark J. Stegmaier. Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World. By Arthur L. Stinchcombe. The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb. By Dennis D. Wainstock. China's Warlords. By David Bonavia. The British Raj in India: An Historical Review. By S. M. Burke and Salim Al-Din Quraishi. Neighborhood and Nation in Tokyo, 1905-1937. By Sally Ann Hastings. The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy. By Michael H. Hunt. The State in India, 1000-1700. Edited, with an introduction, by Hermann Kulke. God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. By Jonathan Spence. Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity: The Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao. By Xiaobing Tang. Narrating the Thirties: A Decade in the Making: 1930 to the Present. By John Baxendale and Chris Pawling. Dismembering the Male: Men's Bodies, Britain, and the Great War. by Joanna Bourke. The Fortunes of the Courtier: The European Reception of Castiglione's CORTEGIANO. By Peter Burke. The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. By Anna Clark. Petersburg, Crucible of Cultural Revolution. By Katerina Clark. \"England Arise!\": The Labour Party and Popular Politics in 1940s Britain. By Steven Fielding, Peter Thompson, and Nick Tiratsoo. Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500-1800. By Anthony Fletcher. Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages. By Frances Gies and Joseph Gies. Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War. By Robert Alan Gurval. German Thought and Culture from the Holy Roman Empire to the Present Day. By H. J. Hahn. The World of the Paris Café: Sociability among the French Working Class, 1789-1914. By W. Scott Haine. Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785. By David Hancock. Early Modern Democracy in the Grisons: Social Order and Political Language in a Swiss Mountain Canton. By Randolph C. Head. The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War. By David G. Herrmann. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. By Lawrence James. Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871-1914. By Eric A. Johnson. Russian Overseas Commerce with Great Britain During the Reign of Catherine II. By Herbert H. Kaplan. The Czech Fascist Movement, 1922-1942. By David Kelly. The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff By Scott W. Lackey. The Rise and Fall of Revolutionary England: An Essay on the Fabrication of Seventeenth-Century History. By Alastair MacLachlan. Revolutionary Government in Ireland, Dáil Éireann, 1919-22. By Arthur Mitchell. The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy. By Hans Mommsen. Translated by Elborg Forster and Larry Eugene Jones. Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843-1118. By Rosemary Morris. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. By Charles G. Nauert Jr. Good Newes from Fraunce: French Anti-League Propaganda in Late Elizabethan England. By Lisa Ferraro Parmelee. The Game of Death in Ancient Rome: Arena Sport and Political Suicide. By Paul Plass. Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City-state. By François de Polignac. Translated by Janet Lloyd. Foreword by Claude Moussé. Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France. By Zeev Sternhell. Translated by David Maisel. \"The Gentle Voices of Teachers\": Aspects of Learning in the Carolingian Age. Edited by Richard E. Sullivan. Jutland, the German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916. By V. E. Tarrant. Byzantium and Its Army: 284-1081. By Warren Treadgold. The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917-1940. By Georg von Rauch. Translated by Gerald Onn. Winston Churchill's Last Campaign: Britain and the Cold War, 1951-1955. By John Young. The Geography of Perversion: Male-to-Male Sexual Behavior Outside the West and the Ethnographic Imagination, 1750-1918. By Rudi C. Bleys. The Origins of Modern Freedom in the West. Edited, with an Introduction and Epilogue, by R. W. Davis. Unfree Labour in the Development of the Atlantic World. Edited by Paul E. Lovejoy and Nicholas Rogers. Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on US. Foreign Policy. By Thomas Risse-Kappen. Irish America and the Ulster Conflict 1968-1995. By Andrew J. Wilson.

The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. By Anna Clark. Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995. By David E. Kyvig. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 5 vols. Edited by Barbara A. Tenenbaum et al. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. By Richard M. Eaton. Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar, 1733–1820. By Kumkum Chatterjee. The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom. By Paul Stuart Landau. Eunuchs and Sacred Boundaries in Islamic Society. By Shaun Marmon. Re‐Inventing the Jewish Past: European Jewish Intellectuals and the Zionist Return to History. By David N. Myers. Women and the Political Process in Twentieth‐Century Iran. By Parvin Paidar. Are We Not Also Men? The Samkange Family and African Politics in Zimbabwe 1920–64. By Terence Ranger. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. By Stephen E. Ambrose. The New South, 1945–1980. A History of the South, Vol. 11. By Numan V. Bartley. Our Southern Zion: A History of Calvinism in the South Carolina Low Country, 1690–1990. By Erskine Clarke. The Landscape of Belief: Encountering the Holy Land in Nineteenth‐Century American Art and Culture. By John Davis. America's Secret War Against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917–1920. By David S. Foglesong. Telltale Hearts: The Origins and Impact of the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. By Adam Garfinkle. Oil, Banks, and Politics: The United States and Postrevolutionary Mexico, 1917–1924. By Linda B. Hall. George Washington's Schooners: The First American Navy. By Chester G. Hearn. Harry Byrd of Virginia. By Ronald L. Heinemann. The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961. By Jeff Kisseloff. Benjamin Franklin and His Enemies. By Robert Middlekauff. The Life of Jedediah Morse: A Station of Peculiar Exposure. By Richard J. Moss. FDR and the Holocaust. Edited by Verne W. Newton. Political Power in Alabama: The More Things Change. … By Anne Permaloff and Carl Grafton. Consumer Rites: The Buying & Selling of American Holidays. By Leigh Eric Schmidt. Texas, New Mexico, and the Compromise of 1850: Boundary Dispute & Sectional Crisis. By Mark J. Stegmaier. Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World. By Arthur L. Stinchcombe. The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb. By Dennis D. Wainstock. China's Warlords. By David Bonavia. The British Raj in India: An Historical Review. By S. M. Burke and Salim Al‐Din Quraishi. Neighborhood and Nation in Tokyo, 1905–1937. By Sally Ann Hastings. The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy. By Michael H. Hunt. The State in India, 1000–1700. Edited, with an introduction, by Hermann Kulke. God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. By Jonathan Spence. Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity: The Historical Thinking of Liang Qichao. By Xiaobing Tang. Narrating the Thirties: A Decade in the Making: 1930 to the Present. By John Baxendale and Chris Pawling. Dismembering the Male: Men's Bodies, Britain, and the Great War. by Joanna Bourke. The Fortunes of the Courtier: The European Reception of Castiglione's CORTEGIANO. By Peter Burke. The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. By Anna Clark. Petersburg, Crucible of Cultural Revolution. By Katerina Clark. “England Arise!”: The Labour Party and Popular Politics in 1940s Britain. By Steven Fielding, Peter Thompson, and Nick Tiratsoo. Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages. By Frances Gies and Joseph Gies. Actium and Augustus: The Politics and Emotions of Civil War. By Robert Alan Gurval. German Thought and Culture from the Holy Roman Empire to the Present Day. By H. J. Hahn. The World of the Paris Café: Sociability among the French Working Class, 1789–1914. By W. Scott Haine. Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735–1785. By David Hancock. Early Modern Democracy in the Grisons: Social Order and Political Language in a Swiss Mountain Canton. By Randolph C. Head. The Arming of Europe and the Making of the First World War. By David G. Herrmann. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. By Lawrence James. Urbanization and Crime: Germany 1871–1914. By Eric A. Johnson. Russian Overseas Commerce with Great Britain During the Reign of Catherine II. By Herbert H. Kaplan. The Czech Fascist Movement, 1922–1942. By David Kelly. The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff By Scott W. Lackey. The Rise and Fall of Revolutionary England: An Essay on the Fabrication of Seventeenth‐Century History. By Alastair MacLachlan. Revolutionary Government in Ireland, Dáil Éireann, 1919–22. By Arthur Mitchell. The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy. By Hans Mommsen. Translated by Elborg Forster and Larry Eugene Jones. Monks and Laymen in Byzantium, 843–1118. By Rosemary Morris. Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. By Charles G. Nauert Jr. Good Newes from Fraunce: French Anti‐League Propaganda in Late Elizabethan England. By Lisa Ferraro Parmelee. The Game of Death in Ancient Rome: Arena Sport and Political Suicide. By Paul Plass. Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City‐state. By François de Polignac. Translated by Janet Lloyd. Foreword by Claude Moussé. Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France. By Zeev Sternhell. Translated by David Maisel. “The Gentle Voices of Teachers”: Aspects of Learning in the Carolingian Age. Edited by Richard E. Sullivan. Jutland, the German Perspective: A New View of the Great Battle, 31 May 1916. By V. E. Tarrant. Byzantium and Its Army: 284–1081. By Warren Treadgold. The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917–1940. By Georg von Rauch. Translated by Gerald Onn. Winston Churchill's Last Campaign: Britain and the Cold War, 1951–1955. By John Young. The Geography of Perversion: Male‐to‐Male Sexual Behavior Outside the West and the Ethnographic Imagination, 1750–1918. By Rudi C. Bleys. The Origins of Modern Freedom in the West. Edited, with an Introduction and Epilogue, by R. W. Davis. Unfree Labour in the Development of the Atlantic World. Edited by Paul E. Lovejoy and Nicholas Rogers. Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on US. Foreign Policy. By Thomas Risse‐Kappen. Irish America and the Ulster Conflict 1968–1995. By Andrew J. Wilson.