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Impoliteness is an act that is rejected and refused in the conventions of any society. However, it is utilized occasionally for various hidden motives and not only as an act of threatening others\" faces. This act is ascertained to be systematic according to Culpeper\"s ,,Anatomy of impoliteness which is the adopted model in the present study. This model is applied to demonstrate the strategies that John Green adopts to demonstrate Van Houlten\"s character that acts impolitely in Green's novel \"The Fault in our Stars. The present study intends to reveal the types of impolite strategies that the writer utilizes to indicate this act of impoliteness and it also intends to reveal that impoliteness is a means to express grief, anger, and despair of life when losing our beloved.

Within the realm of the linguistic description of text, Hoey has adopted the approach that sees text as possessing organization, that is, describable in terms of patterns of organization. Accordingly, organizational statements of text describe what is done by accounting for probabilities. In such an approach, no linguistic combination is impossible, but some are decidedly improbable. Hoey claims that the structural description of text cannot attain perfection in any area of language study, and that the formation of structural principles forces the linguist to consider the exceptions, and thus to discover new regularities through the process of matching patterns. The present study shed some light on the merit and demerits of such an approach and the possibility of applying it in the analysis of texts.

Language is a vehicle for social values and ideologies that a man intends or attempts to express. Dramatic texts are one of the discursive practices that embody values and ideologies. What is expressed in dramatic text is deliberate because it is meant to affect other's values, trends and ideologies in one way or another. Such ideologies and values are not explicit. To bring them out requires putting language under scrutiny to unveil what is implied. The present study attempts to analyze a dramatic script entitled Advice to Iraqi Women by the British playwright Martin Crimp in an attempt to unveil the intended political ideologies underlying the text. The title reflects a political aspect embedded in the word \"Iraqi\" that brings to the mind the war broken out there at that time. Notwithstanding that the script is written in such an unusual manner that appears to the reader or the spectator to be domestic, familiar and free from any political indications. The model adopted in the analysis of Crimp's theatrical piece is that of van Dijk's macro and microstructure analysis within critical discourse analysis. Results have manifested the political ideologies that the writer intends to convey. He attempted to bridge a gap and render the English society to be associated emotionally with the repercussions of the remote war by amalgamating what is familiar with what is unfamiliar.

Grammatical shift' is an extremely interesting grammatical phenomenon but does presuppose some knowledge of grammar as such knowledge provides some basic understanding about the operations involved in such shift. In English, shifts which involve shifts in pronouns, verb tenses, discourse and other types are quite acceptable and frequent as long as the shifts are motivated by meaning and discourse.,,Grammatical shift, in this paper, involves three types of important shifts: shifts in pronouns, tenses and discourse. The paper aims at analyzing a number of selected texts from Woolf\"s short story ,, The Mark on the Wall\" which applies ,,stream of consciousness\" (hence SOC) as a method of narration. This is done to illustrate how English uses the phenomenon of shift within this context. The analysis of its relevance to establishing cohesion and coherence within the texts including the identified shifts will be done by using a pragma- discoursal model based on the application of an integrative approach of Halliday and Hasan (1976) and De Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) towards cohesion. Moreover, three other criteria of Beaugrande and Dressler's will be included for their relevance in illustrating the pragmatic aspect of the phenomenon under study.Thus, the analysis will be made in terms of two main levels: co-textual and contextual.

Synonymy is a linguistic term that can be defined as two or more words of similar and/or same meaning. It is part of the field of semantics. Synonymous words can sometimes replace each other but not always. Semantic loss, which can be in the form of over translation, under translation, or mistranslation for the source text, hence forth (ST), may result in an unacceptable translation because of partial or complete loss of meaning in the target text, hence forth (TT). It is a prevailing phenomenon in the translations of the Glorious Quran due to factors such as the lack of equivalent of some words in the target language, hence forth (TL). The study tries to find out how translators take the context into consideration in their translations in opting near-synonymy in the Glorious Quran. The study aims at evaluating the translation of near-synonymy based on a suggested model that is depended on context - analysis. The near-synonymous words chosen for analysis are: Jasad, Jisim and Badan. جسد وجسم وبدن The study will refer to the following Quranic Translations for analysis: 1. The meaning of the Holy Quran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (2002). 2. The Gracious Quran: A Modern-phrased interpretation in English by Dr. Ahmed Zaki Hammad (2007). 3. Towards Understanding the Ever-Glorious Quran by Dr. Muhammad Mahmud Ghali (2008). The analysis of the Quranic Ayas will be as follows: 1. Presenting the aya where any of the near-synonymous occurs (jasad, jisim or badan) in the ST followed by the translations. 2. Explaining the linguistic meaning of each word. 3. Analyzing the context of these words of near-synonyms in Arabic. 4. Evaluating the appropriateness of the selected translations based on the model of context-analysis. The results show that translators frequently commit a partial or complete semantic loss of meanings mainly because of mistranslations, semantically complex vocabularies, and variation of culture.

Conversational analysis (CA) can be defined as a social approach that is concerned with describing, analyzing and understanding talk which is considered as a constitutive feature of society. Contrastive analysis can be described as a developed tradition which has distinctive methods, analytic procedures and established findings. This study deals with the Conversational Analysis of two conversations in the Glorious Quran (the prophet Yusuf and his father) and (the prophet Noah and his people). The study tackles the rules and components of turn taking. Ayas are written in Arabic and the translation of Al Hilali and Khan is presented. The current study aims at showing the concept of conversation analysis, shedding light on the conversations of Glorious Quran and showing the rules and components of turn taking. The present study is limited to studying the conversations of Glorious Quran and analyse them focusing on turn taking, its rules and its components. The study is expected to be of value to every student who studies English as a foreign language. It is of a crucial value for those who are interested in Discourse Analysis.

Grammatical shift\" is an extremely interesting grammatical phenomenon that does require some knowledge of grammar as such knowledge provides some basic understanding about the operations involved in such shift. By using grammatical shift, it becomes possible to vary the ways of expressing the language. In Arabic, \"grammatical shift\" is considered one of the most fascinating linguistic means of expression that have distinguished Arabic from all other languages. It means the shift of speech from the normal direction it has to follow to another as required to attain certain rhetorical purposes. In the present study, \"grammatical shift\" involves three types of important shifts: shifts in personal pronouns, verb tenses and discourse. In this paper, \"grammatical shift\" is investigated in the context of a novel applying stream of consciousness (hence SOC) as a method of narration. Therefore, Najeeb Mahfouz's novel The Thief and Dog has been chosen for the analysis. The application of this technique in narrative writings makes it possible to shift from one type of pronouns to another, from one tense to another, and even from one discourse type to another. The analyses are based on the application of Halliday and Hassan's approach (1976) towards cohesion. The two excerpts chosen for the analysis have been analyzed in terms a co-textual level where shifts and cohesive ties are identified and explained.